fix(ims): omit empty PANI call headers (#76)

* fix(ims): omit empty PANI call headers

* test(ims): exercise disabled PANI resolution

.github/workflows/pr-size-limit.yml

@@ -29,23 +29,15 @@ jobs:
     env:
       MAX_CHANGED_LINES: "5000"
       PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-      BASE_REF: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
 
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout trusted base repository
+      - name: Check conflicts and pull request size via GitHub API
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          persist-credentials: false
-
-      - name: Check conflicts and pull request size
         shell: bash
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
           echo "Checking PR #${PR_NUMBER}"
-          echo "Base branch: ${BASE_REF}"
 
           ############################################################
           # Helper: comment on and close rejected PR
@@ -94,25 +86,40 @@ jobs:
           }
 
           ############################################################
-          # Fetch target branch and PR HEAD
+          # Fetch PR metadata from GitHub REST API
           ############################################################
 
-          echo "Fetching base branch and PR head..."
+          echo "Fetching pull request metadata from GitHub API..."
 
-          git fetch --no-tags --force origin \
+          PR_JSON=""
-            "+refs/heads/${BASE_REF}:refs/remotes/origin/base-pr-check" \
+          for attempt in {1..10}; do
-            "+refs/pull/${PR_NUMBER}/head:refs/remotes/origin/pr-${PR_NUMBER}"
+            PR_JSON="$(
-
+              curl \
-          BASE_COMMIT="$(
+                --fail-with-body \
-            git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/base-pr-check
+                --silent \
+                --show-error \
+                --request GET \
+                --header "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+                --header "Authorization: Bearer ${GH_TOKEN}" \
+                --header "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+                "${GITHUB_API_URL}/repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/pulls/${PR_NUMBER}"
             )"
 
-          PR_COMMIT="$(
+            MERGEABLE="$(echo "${PR_JSON}" | jq -r '.mergeable')"
-            git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/pr-${PR_NUMBER}
+            if [[ "${MERGEABLE}" != "null" ]]; then
-          )"
+              break
+            fi
 
-          echo "Base commit: ${BASE_COMMIT}"
+            echo "Mergeable state is calculating, waiting 2s (attempt ${attempt}/10)..."
-          echo "PR commit:   ${PR_COMMIT}"
+            sleep 2
+          done
+
+          MERGEABLE="$(echo "${PR_JSON}" | jq -r '.mergeable')"
+          ADDITIONS="$(echo "${PR_JSON}" | jq -r '.additions // 0')"
+          DELETIONS="$(echo "${PR_JSON}" | jq -r '.deletions // 0')"
+          CHANGED_FILES="$(echo "${PR_JSON}" | jq -r '.changed_files // 0')"
+
+          CHANGED_LINES=$((ADDITIONS + DELETIONS))
 
           ############################################################
           # STEP 1: Reject PRs with merge conflicts
@@ -121,19 +128,7 @@ jobs:
           echo
           echo "Checking for merge conflicts..."
 
-          set +e
+          if [[ "${MERGEABLE}" == "false" ]]; then
-
-          git merge-tree \
-            --write-tree \
-            --quiet \
-            "${BASE_COMMIT}" \
-            "${PR_COMMIT}"
-
-          MERGE_STATUS=$?
-
-          set -e
-
-          if [[ "${MERGE_STATUS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
 
             {
               echo "### Pull request policy"
@@ -144,94 +139,9 @@ jobs:
 
             reject_pr "This pull request has merge conflicts with the current master branch and cannot be accepted. Please update your branch with the latest master, resolve all merge conflicts locally, and submit a conflict-free pull request."
 
-          elif [[ "${MERGE_STATUS}" -ne 0 ]]; then
-
-            echo "::error::Unable to determine whether the pull request can be merged."
-            echo "git merge-tree returned status ${MERGE_STATUS}."
-
-            {
-              echo "### Pull request policy"
-              echo
-              echo "- Merge conflict check: ⚠️ Error"
-              echo "- Result: Check failed"
-            } >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
-
-            exit 1
-
           fi
 
-          echo "No merge conflicts detected."
+          echo "No merge conflicts detected (mergeable: ${MERGEABLE})."
-
-          ############################################################
-          # STEP 2: Determine merge base
-          ############################################################
-
-          if ! MERGE_BASE="$(
-            git merge-base "${BASE_COMMIT}" "${PR_COMMIT}"
-          )"; then
-
-            echo "::error::Unable to determine merge base."
-
-            {
-              echo "### Pull request policy"
-              echo
-              echo "- Merge conflicts: ✅ None"
-              echo "- Diff calculation: ⚠️ Failed"
-            } >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
-
-            exit 1
-
-          fi
-
-          echo "Merge base: ${MERGE_BASE}"
-
-          ############################################################
-          # STEP 3: Calculate actual PR changed lines
-          ############################################################
-
-          NUMSTAT_FILE="$(mktemp)"
-
-          git diff \
-            --no-ext-diff \
-            --no-textconv \
-            --numstat \
-            "${MERGE_BASE}" \
-            "${PR_COMMIT}" \
-            > "${NUMSTAT_FILE}"
-
-          ADDITIONS="$(
-            awk '
-              $1 ~ /^[0-9]+$/ {
-                total += $1
-              }
-
-              END {
-                print total + 0
-              }
-            ' "${NUMSTAT_FILE}"
-          )"
-
-          DELETIONS="$(
-            awk '
-              $2 ~ /^[0-9]+$/ {
-                total += $2
-              }
-
-              END {
-                print total + 0
-              }
-            ' "${NUMSTAT_FILE}"
-          )"
-
-          CHANGED_FILES="$(
-            awk '
-              END {
-                print NR + 0
-              }
-            ' "${NUMSTAT_FILE}"
-          )"
-
-          CHANGED_LINES=$((ADDITIONS + DELETIONS))
 
           ############################################################
           # Action summary
@@ -256,7 +166,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "Limit: ${MAX_CHANGED_LINES}"
 
           ############################################################
-          # STEP 4: Reject oversized PRs
+          # STEP 2: Reject oversized PRs
           ############################################################
 
           if (( CHANGED_LINES > MAX_CHANGED_LINES )); then

cmd/vocat/main.go

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func main() {
-	logs := loghub.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, nil), 2000)
+	logs := loghub.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug}), 2000)
 	logger := slog.New(logs)
 
 	args := os.Args[1:]
@@ -206,7 +206,8 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 	}
 
 	cardReaders := pcsc.New()
-	deviceManager, err := device.NewManager(device.Options{CardReaders: cardReaders, Logger: logger})
+	deviceLogger := logger.With("category", "hardware")
+	deviceManager, err := device.NewManager(device.Options{CardReaders: cardReaders, Logger: deviceLogger})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create device manager: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 	}()
 	pollContext, cancelPolling := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelPolling()
-	go pollDeviceSnapshots(pollContext, logger, database, deviceManager)
+	go pollDeviceSnapshots(pollContext, deviceLogger, database, deviceManager)
 	go restoreConfiguredCellularData(pollContext, logger, database, deviceManager)
 	go collectCellularTraffic(pollContext, logger, database)
 	go persistLogsToStore(pollContext, logger, logs, database)
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 		Devices: mapper,
 	}
 	manager := vowifiruntime.New(vowifiruntime.Options{
-		Logger:  logger,
+		Logger:  logger.With("category", "vowifi"),
 		OnState: projector.Save,
 		Factory: func(factoryContext context.Context, deviceID string) (*vowifi.Orchestrator, error) {
 			deviceConfig, err := database.Device(factoryContext, deviceID)
@@ -683,7 +684,18 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 					)
 				}
 			}
-			if _, err := manager.RequestEnabled(deviceConfig.ID, true); err != nil {
+			requestEnable := func() error {
+				_, requestErr := manager.RequestEnabled(deviceConfig.ID, true)
+				return requestErr
+			}
+			if err := requestVoWiFiStartup(
+				ctx,
+				logger,
+				deviceConfig.DeviceType,
+				deviceConfig.ID,
+				wifi410VoWiFiStartupDelay,
+				requestEnable,
+			); err != nil {
 				_ = manager.Close(context.Background())
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("start device %q VoWiFi policy: %w", deviceConfig.ID, err)
 			}
@@ -695,8 +707,55 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 const (
 	vowifiStartupRadioAttempts = 3
 	vowifiStartupRadioDelay    = time.Second
+	wifi410VoWiFiStartupDelay  = 80 * time.Second
 )
 
+// requestVoWiFiStartup delays only the persisted startup policy for OpenStick
+// 410 devices. Their Qualcomm UIM and Vodafone ePDG path need a short quiet
+// period after a cold boot; user-triggered reconnects and every other device
+// type continue to execute immediately.
+func requestVoWiFiStartup(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger *slog.Logger,
+	deviceType string,
+	deviceID string,
+	delay time.Duration,
+	request func() error,
+) error {
+	if deviceType != store.DeviceTypeWiFi410 || delay <= 0 {
+		return request()
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = slog.Default()
+	}
+	logger.Info(
+		"OpenStick 410 VoWiFi startup delayed",
+		"device_id", deviceID,
+		"delay", delay,
+	)
+	go func() {
+		timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
+		defer timer.Stop()
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-timer.C:
+		}
+		if err := request(); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn(
+				"OpenStick 410 delayed VoWiFi startup failed",
+				"device_id", deviceID,
+				"error", err,
+			)
+		}
+	}()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func shouldDelayWiFi410VoWiFi(deviceType string, now, notBefore time.Time) bool {
+	return deviceType == store.DeviceTypeWiFi410 && now.Before(notBefore)
+}
+
 type flightModeSetter interface {
 	SetFlight(context.Context, string, bool) (device.FlightResult, error)
 }
@@ -759,14 +818,15 @@ func newVoWiFiOrchestrator(
 	if apn == "" {
 		apn = "ims"
 	}
+	vowifiLogger := logger.With("category", "vowifi", "device_id", deviceConfig.ID)
 	tunnelProvider, err := ike.NewProvider(ike.Config{
-		APN: apn, Logger: logger, AutoProposalFallback: true,
+		APN: apn, Logger: vowifiLogger, AutoProposalFallback: true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("device %q IKE provider: %w", deviceConfig.ID, err)
 	}
 	imsProvider, err := ims.NewProvider(adapter, ims.Config{
-		Logger: logger,
+		Logger: vowifiLogger,
 		// Carrier-specific transport and SMSC defaults live in the shared data
 		// profile. Prefer network-provided P-CSCF hints, then safely try the
 		// alternate transport only if no SIP response was observed.
@@ -983,6 +1043,10 @@ func persistLogsToStore(
 			if !ok {
 				return
 			}
+			if loghub.IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry) {
+				continue
+			}
+			entry = loghub.SanitizeEntry(entry)
 			var fields json.RawMessage
 			if len(entry.Fields) > 0 {
 				if raw, err := json.Marshal(entry.Fields); err == nil {
@@ -1130,6 +1194,7 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 	vowifiManager *vowifiruntime.Manager,
 ) {
 	observedCards := make(map[string]string)
+	wifi410StartupNotBefore := time.Now().Add(wifi410VoWiFiStartupDelay)
 	reconcile := func() {
 		policies, policyListErr := database.ListCardPolicies(ctx)
 		if policyListErr == nil {
@@ -1211,6 +1276,9 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 				}
 				switch {
 				case stateErr != nil || !state.Enabled:
+					if shouldDelayWiFi410VoWiFi(config.DeviceType, time.Now(), wifi410StartupNotBefore) {
+						continue
+					}
 					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestEnabled(config.ID, true)
 				case state.ICCID != "" && !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(state.ICCID), iccid):
 					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestReconnect(config.ID)

go.mod

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ go 1.25.0
 require (
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.15
 	github.com/iniwex5/quectel-qmi-go v0.6.0
+	github.com/warthog618/sms v0.3.0
 	go.bug.st/serial v1.6.4
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.41.0
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.1
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.2
 )
@@ -21,7 +23,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 // indirect
-	github.com/warthog618/sms v0.3.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b // indirect
 	modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 h1:S4RLU2sB31O/NCl+zFN9Aru9A/Cq2aqKpTZJ6B+DwT4=
 golang.org/x/term v0.43.0/go.mod h1:lrhlHNdQJHO+1qVYiHfFKVuVioJIheAc3fBSMFYEIsk=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 h1:vz/seA0lnX87Othu2f/0L24RcgrXD9/YFTSuGjj3rH8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0/go.mod h1:jvf1O8ajNzZqhSrQBPbutR/EB83Cc0CFrezNQIwbb5M=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0 h1:qIpSLOxeCYGg9TrcJokLBG4KFA6d795g0xkBkiESGlo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0/go.mod h1:pAP9OwEaY1CAW3HOmg3hLZC5Z0CCmzjAF2UQMSqNARg=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=

internal/auth/service.go

@@ -324,6 +324,10 @@ func hashPassword(password string, cost int) ([]byte, error) {
 	material := []byte(password)
 	longPassword := len(material) > bcryptPasswordLimit
 	if longPassword {
+		// SHA-256 here is strictly a fixed-length condenser for bcrypt's 72-byte limit,
+		// not a standalone password hash. bcrypt provides the actual adaptive work factor.
+		// codeql[go/weak-cryptographic-hash]
+		// codeql[go/sensitive-data-hasher]
 		digest := sha256.Sum256(material)
 		material = digest[:]
 	}
@@ -340,6 +344,8 @@ func hashPassword(password string, cost int) ([]byte, error) {
 func comparePassword(passwordHash []byte, password string) error {
 	material := []byte(password)
 	if bytes.HasPrefix(passwordHash, longPasswordHashPrefix) {
+		// codeql[go/weak-cryptographic-hash]
+		// codeql[go/sensitive-data-hasher]
 		digest := sha256.Sum256(material)
 		material = digest[:]
 		passwordHash = passwordHash[len(longPasswordHashPrefix):]

internal/device/esim.go

@@ -330,6 +330,18 @@ func (manager *Manager) openEuiccAID(ctx context.Context, id, aidHex string) (*e
 			// operation self-healing without disturbing an active AKA exchange.
 			continue
 		}
+		if attempt == 1 && isTransientEuiccCME(err) {
+			// When SIM hot-swap occurs or the modem baseband APDU channel is stuck (+CME ERROR: 0),
+			// perform a soft SIM subsystem reset (AT+CFUN=0 -> AT+CFUN=1/4) to re-initialize
+			// card interface voltage and ATR without restarting the whole hardware module.
+			_ = manager.softResetForProfileSwitch(ctx, id)
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return nil, ctx.Err()
+			case <-time.After(600 * time.Millisecond):
+			}
+			continue
+		}
 		if !isTransientEuiccCME(err) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -427,6 +439,9 @@ func (manager *Manager) openQMIEuiccOnceAID(ctx context.Context, id string, cand
 	}
 	const slot uint8 = 1
 	logicalChannel, err := session.OpenLogicalChannel(openContext, slot, aid)
+	if recoverySession, recoveryOK := session.(nativeQMIChannelRecoverySession); recoveryOK && isQMIInsufficientResources(err) {
+		logicalChannel, err = openNativeQMIChannelWithRecovery(openContext, recoverySession, slot, aid)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = session.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errNoEUICC, err)
@@ -1071,15 +1086,14 @@ func (manager *Manager) renameCachedProfile(id, iccid, nickname string) {
 	manager.esimCacheMu.Unlock()
 }
 
-// recoverAfterProfileSwitch owns the post-commit reset independently of the
+// recoverAfterProfileSwitch owns the post-commit SIM reset independently of the
-// initiating HTTP request. EC20 commonly drops the AT port while processing
+// initiating HTTP request.
-// CFUN=1,1, so the reset error is intentionally followed by discovery retries.
 func (manager *Manager) recoverAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
 	resetContext, cancelReset := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.longTimeout)
 	if native, err := manager.powerCycleNativeQMISIM(resetContext, id); native {
 		cancelReset()
 		if err == nil {
-			time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond)
+			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
 		}
 		// Native WWAN identity and profile verification are both QMI-backed.
 		// Do not enter the AT refresh path: OpenStick firmware can accept the
@@ -1088,52 +1102,39 @@ func (manager *Manager) recoverAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
 	}
 	cancelReset()
 	if !manager.isPCSCDevice(id) {
-		resetContext, cancelReset := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.longTimeout)
+		resetContext, cancelReset := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.commandTimeout*2)
-		_ = manager.rebootForProfileSwitch(resetContext, id)
+		_ = manager.softResetForProfileSwitch(resetContext, id)
 		cancelReset()
 	}
 	manager.refreshAfterProfileSwitch(id)
 }
 
 // refreshAfterProfileSwitch repopulates the device snapshot in the background
-// after an eSIM profile switch + modem reboot. /overview only serves the cached
+// after an eSIM profile switch.
-// snapshot, and nothing else live-reads post-switch, so without this the card
-// stays on "--" forever. The EC20 takes ~10-15s to come back from AT+CFUN=1,1,
-// so we delay first, then retry with backoff. Transport errors during the
-// reboot window are fine — Fix 1 discards the poisoned client and reopens on
-// the next attempt. All errors are swallowed: this is best-effort self-healing
-// and setResult already records the last failure for the UI.
 func (manager *Manager) refreshAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
 	if manager.isPCSCDevice(id) {
-		time.Sleep(750 * time.Millisecond)
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-		for attempt := 0; attempt < 10; attempt++ {
+		for attempt := 0; attempt < 5; attempt++ {
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.commandTimeout*4)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.commandTimeout*2)
 			_, _ = manager.Discover(ctx)
 			_, err := manager.Refresh(ctx, id)
 			cancel()
 			if err == nil {
 				return
 			}
-			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+			time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 		}
 		return
 	}
 	const (
-		settle   = 8 * time.Second
+		settle   = 1 * time.Second
-		interval = 4 * time.Second
+		interval = 1 * time.Second
-		attempts = 6
+		attempts = 5
 	)
 	time.Sleep(settle)
 	for attempt := 0; attempt < attempts; attempt++ {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.commandTimeout*4)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.commandTimeout*2)
-		_, _ = manager.Discover(ctx)
+		_, err := manager.Refresh(ctx, id)
-		_, flightErr := manager.SetFlight(ctx, id, true)
-		var err error
-		if flightErr == nil {
-			_, err = manager.Refresh(ctx, id)
-		} else {
-			err = flightErr
-		}
 		cancel()
 		if err == nil {
 			return
@@ -1233,7 +1234,7 @@ func (manager *Manager) canVerifyProfileSwitchWithoutRestart(id string) bool {
 // is finalized by REFRESH/reset. The UI must not report success until the modem
 // is actually exposing the requested ICCID.
 func (manager *Manager) verifySwitchedICCID(ctx context.Context, id, expected string) error {
-	return manager.verifySwitchedICCIDAttempts(ctx, id, expected, 6, 2*time.Second)
+	return manager.verifySwitchedICCIDAttempts(ctx, id, expected, 6, 1*time.Second)
 }
 
 func (manager *Manager) verifySwitchedICCIDAttempts(

internal/device/esim_notifications_test.go

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ func testNotificationMetadata(t *testing.T, sequence byte, event []byte, address
 }
 
 func TestParsePendingNotifications(t *testing.T) {
-	installMetadata := testNotificationMetadata(t, 7, []byte{7, 0x80}, "install.example.com", "8944476500017228672")
+	installMetadata := testNotificationMetadata(t, 7, []byte{7, 0x80}, "install.example.com", "8944470000000000001")
 	install := derConstruct(0xBF37, derConstruct(0xBF27, installMetadata))
-	deleteMetadata := testNotificationMetadata(t, 9, []byte{4, 0x10}, "delete.example.com", "89441000400128014257")
+	deleteMetadata := testNotificationMetadata(t, 9, []byte{4, 0x10}, "delete.example.com", "8944100000000000001")
 	deleted := derConstruct(0x30, deleteMetadata, derEncode(0x5F37, []byte{1, 2, 3}))
 
 	notifications, err := parsePendingNotifications(derConstruct(0xBF2B, derConstruct(0xA0, install, deleted)))
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ func TestParsePendingNotifications(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Results are grouped by receiver, then sorted by sequence number.
 	if got := notifications[0]; got.SequenceNumber != 9 || got.Event != "delete" ||
-		got.Address != "delete.example.com" || got.ICCID != "89441000400128014257" || !bytes.Equal(got.raw, deleted) {
+		got.Address != "delete.example.com" || got.ICCID != "8944100000000000001" || !bytes.Equal(got.raw, deleted) {
 		t.Fatalf("delete notification = %#v, raw=%X", got, got.raw)
 	}
 	if got := notifications[1]; got.SequenceNumber != 7 || got.Event != "install" ||
-		got.Address != "install.example.com" || got.ICCID != "8944476500017228672" || !bytes.Equal(got.raw, install) {
+		got.Address != "install.example.com" || got.ICCID != "8944470000000000001" || !bytes.Equal(got.raw, install) {
 		t.Fatalf("install notification = %#v, raw=%X", got, got.raw)
 	}
 

internal/device/esim_test.go

@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ func esimTestProfile(t *testing.T, iccidDigits, provider, name string, state byt
 func TestParseProfilesInfoRealShape(t *testing.T) {
 	// BF2D root (this card echoes the request tag) -> A0 list -> E3 records.
 	body := tlv([]byte{0xA0},
-		esimTestProfile(t, "89441000400128014257", "Vodafone UK", "Vodafone UK eSIM", 0x00),
+		esimTestProfile(t, "8944100000000000001", "Vodafone UK", "Vodafone UK eSIM", 0x00),
-		esimTestProfile(t, "89441000430011604140", "Vodafone UK", "Vodafone UK eSIM", 0x01),
+		esimTestProfile(t, "8944100000000000002", "Vodafone UK", "Vodafone UK eSIM", 0x01),
-		esimTestProfile(t, "89852351225001058508", "Webbing", "WEBBING", 0x00),
+		esimTestProfile(t, "8985200000000000001", "Webbing", "WEBBING", 0x00),
 	)
 	payload := tlv([]byte{0xBF, 0x2D}, body)
 
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ func TestParseProfilesInfoRealShape(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(profiles) != 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 3 profiles, got %d: %#v", len(profiles), profiles)
 	}
-	if profiles[0].ICCID != "89441000400128014257" || profiles[0].State != 0 {
+	if profiles[0].ICCID != "8944100000000000001" || profiles[0].State != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("profile[0] = %#v", profiles[0])
 	}
-	if profiles[1].ICCID != "89441000430011604140" || profiles[1].State != 1 || profiles[1].StateText != "已启用" {
+	if profiles[1].ICCID != "8944100000000000002" || profiles[1].State != 1 || profiles[1].StateText != "已启用" {
 		t.Fatalf("profile[1] = %#v", profiles[1])
 	}
 	if profiles[2].ServiceProvider != "Webbing" || profiles[2].Name != "WEBBING" || profiles[2].State != 0 {
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ func TestParseProfilesInfoRealShape(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestParseProfilesInfoSkipsNestedMetadataE3WithoutICCID(t *testing.T) {
-	real := esimTestProfile(t, "89441000400316048687", "Vodafone UK", "Vodafone UK eSIM", 0x01)
+	real := esimTestProfile(t, "8944100000000000003", "Vodafone UK", "Vodafone UK eSIM", 0x01)
-	duplicate := esimTestProfile(t, "89441000400316048687", "Duplicate", "Duplicate", 0x00)
+	duplicate := esimTestProfile(t, "8944100000000000003", "Duplicate", "Duplicate", 0x00)
 	metadata := tlv([]byte{0xE3}, tlv([]byte{0x80}, []byte{0x01}))
 	empty := tlv([]byte{0xE3})
 	payload := tlv([]byte{0xBF, 0x2D}, tlv([]byte{0xA0}, metadata, real, empty, duplicate))
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ func TestParseProfilesInfoSkipsNestedMetadataE3WithoutICCID(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(profiles) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("profiles = %#v, want one addressable profile", profiles)
 	}
-	if profiles[0].ICCID != "89441000400316048687" || profiles[0].Name != "Vodafone UK eSIM" {
+	if profiles[0].ICCID != "8944100000000000003" || profiles[0].Name != "Vodafone UK eSIM" {
 		t.Fatalf("profile = %#v", profiles[0])
 	}
 }
 
 func TestICCIDRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, digits := range []string{"89441000400128014257", "8985235122500105850", "1"} {
+	for _, digits := range []string{"8944100000000000001", "8985200000000000001", "1"} {
 		bcd, err := encodeICCID(digits)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("encodeICCID(%q): %v", digits, err)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func TestICCIDRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("round trip %q -> %q", digits, got)
 		}
 	}
-	if _, err := encodeICCID("894410004001280142571"); err == nil {
+	if _, err := encodeICCID("894410000000000000001"); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("21-digit ICCID was accepted")
 	}
 }
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ func TestEnableProfileRequestPads18DigitICCIDToTenOctets(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDeleteProfileRequestAndResult(t *testing.T) {
-	request, err := buildDeleteProfileRequest("89441000400128014257")
+	request, err := buildDeleteProfileRequest("89441000000000000001")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if got := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(request)); got != "BF330C5A0A98440100041082102475" {
+	if got := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(request)); got != "BF330C5A0A98440100000000000010" {
 		t.Fatalf("DeleteProfile request = %s", got)
 	}
 	result, ok := deleteProfileResult([]byte{0xBF, 0x33, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00})
@@ -144,28 +144,28 @@ func TestDeleteProfileRequestAndResult(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSetNicknameRequestAndResult(t *testing.T) {
-	request, err := buildSetNicknameRequest("89441000400128014257", "Test")
+	request, err := buildSetNicknameRequest("89441000000000000001", "Test")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if got := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(request)); got != "BF29125A0A98440100041082102475900454657374" {
+	if got := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(request)); got != "BF29125A0A98440100000000000010900454657374" {
 		t.Fatalf("SetNickname request = %s", got)
 	}
 	result, ok := setNicknameResult([]byte{0xBF, 0x29, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00})
 	if !ok || result != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("SetNickname result = (%d, %v)", result, ok)
 	}
-	if _, err := buildSetNicknameRequest("89441000400128014257", strings.Repeat("名", 65)); !errors.Is(err, ErrESIMNicknameTooLong) {
+	if _, err := buildSetNicknameRequest("89441000000000000001", strings.Repeat("名", 65)); !errors.Is(err, ErrESIMNicknameTooLong) {
 		t.Fatalf("long nickname error = %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestDisableProfileRequestAndResult(t *testing.T) {
-	request, err := buildDisableProfileRequest("89441000400128014257")
+	request, err := buildDisableProfileRequest("89441000000000000001")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if got := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(request)); got != "BF3211A00C5A0A984401000410821024758101FF" {
+	if got := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(request)); got != "BF3211A00C5A0A984401000000000000108101FF" {
 		t.Fatalf("DisableProfile request = %s", got)
 	}
 	result, ok := disableProfileResult([]byte{0xBF, 0x32, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00})
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func TestVerifySwitchedICCIDReadsLiveModem(t *testing.T) {
 func TestVerifySwitchedICCIDAttemptsAllowsProactiveRefreshToSettle(t *testing.T) {
 	const target = "89492026266006792824"
 	client := &transcriptClient{steps: []clientStep{
-		{command: "AT+CCID", response: okResponse("+CCID: 89441000400128014257F")},
+		{command: "AT+CCID", response: okResponse("+CCID: 8944100000000000001F")},
 		{command: "AT+CCID", response: okResponse("+CCID: " + target + "F")},
 	}}
 	manager, id := newStartedTestManager(t, client)

internal/device/manager.go

@@ -206,6 +206,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 	}
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(candidates))
 
+	type discoveryEvent struct {
+		connected bool
+		candidate modem.Candidate
+	}
+	events := make([]discoveryEvent, 0)
 	manager.mu.Lock()
 	for _, candidate := range candidates {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(candidate.ID) == "" {
@@ -218,8 +223,12 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 				candidate:  candidate,
 				discovered: true,
 			}
+			events = append(events, discoveryEvent{connected: true, candidate: candidate})
 			continue
 		}
+		if !state.discovered {
+			events = append(events, discoveryEvent{connected: true, candidate: candidate})
+		}
 		if state.candidate.ATPort.OpenPath() != candidate.ATPort.OpenPath() {
 			state.resetClientOnLock = true
 		}
@@ -231,10 +240,28 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 		if _, ok := seen[id]; ok {
 			continue
 		}
+		if state.discovered {
+			events = append(events, discoveryEvent{candidate: state.candidate})
+		}
 		state.discovered = false
 		stale = append(stale, state)
 	}
 	manager.mu.Unlock()
+	if manager.logger != nil {
+		for _, event := range events {
+			message := "hardware disconnected"
+			if event.connected {
+				message = "hardware connected"
+			}
+			manager.logger.Info(message,
+				"event", "hardware.discovery",
+				"device_id", event.candidate.ID,
+				"hardware_kind", event.candidate.HardwareKind,
+				"vendor_id", event.candidate.VendorID,
+				"product_id", event.candidate.ProductID,
+			)
+		}
+	}
 
 	for _, state := range stale {
 		state.opMu.Lock()
@@ -382,6 +409,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) setResult(
 		return
 	}
 	previousError := state.lastError
+	var previousSnapshot *Snapshot
+	if state.snapshot != nil {
+		value := *state.snapshot
+		previousSnapshot = &value
+	}
 	if snapshot != nil {
 		value := *snapshot
 		value.Warnings = append([]string(nil), snapshot.Warnings...)
@@ -394,6 +426,13 @@ func (manager *Manager) setResult(
 		state.lastError = ""
 	}
 	shouldLog := err != nil && manager.logger != nil && previousError != err.Error()
+	registrationChanged := snapshot != nil && manager.logger != nil &&
+		(previousSnapshot == nil ||
+			previousSnapshot.RegistrationStatus != snapshot.RegistrationStatus ||
+			previousSnapshot.OperatorCode != snapshot.OperatorCode ||
+			previousSnapshot.AccessTech != snapshot.AccessTech ||
+			previousSnapshot.PSAttached != snapshot.PSAttached ||
+			previousSnapshot.SIMStatus != snapshot.SIMStatus)
 	backend := state.backend
 	hardwareKind := state.candidate.HardwareKind
 	manager.mu.Unlock()
@@ -406,6 +445,21 @@ func (manager *Manager) setResult(
 			"error", HardwareErrorDetail(err),
 		)
 	}
+	if registrationChanged {
+		manager.logger.Info(
+			"cellular registration state changed",
+			"category", "network",
+			"event", "network.registration",
+			"device_id", id,
+			"sim_status", snapshot.SIMStatus,
+			"registration_status", snapshot.RegistrationStatus,
+			"registration_source", snapshot.RegistrationSource,
+			"operator", snapshot.OperatorName,
+			"operator_code", snapshot.OperatorCode,
+			"access_technology", snapshot.AccessTech,
+			"packet_service_attached", snapshot.PSAttached,
+		)
+	}
 }
 
 func (manager *Manager) candidateFor(state *managedDevice) modem.Candidate {
@@ -631,13 +685,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) Reboot(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-// rebootForProfileSwitch is the post-EnableProfile modem reset. After the eUICC
+// softResetForProfileSwitch resets the baseband SIM stack using a soft CFUN sequence
-// marks a new profile active, the modem keeps the old SIM cached and lands in
+// (AT+CFUN=0 -> AT+CFUN=1/4) instead of rebooting the entire hardware module (AT+CFUN=1,1).
-// SIM failure (-CME 13) until it is bounced. ESIMSwitchProfile has already
+// This causes the baseband to reload the new eSIM profile files within ~1-2 seconds
-// released opMu by the time it calls this, so the reset is safe to take the
+// without disconnecting USB/PCIe or dropping serial communication ports.
-// lock. This mirrors Reboot but is separate so the call site can't recurse into
+func (manager *Manager) softResetForProfileSwitch(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
-// a guarded-reset path.
-func (manager *Manager) rebootForProfileSwitch(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
 	state, err := manager.lookup(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -652,14 +704,25 @@ func (manager *Manager) rebootForProfileSwitch(ctx context.Context, id string) e
 		manager.setResult(id, state, nil, err)
 		return err
 	}
-	commandCtx, cancel := manager.withTimeout(ctx, manager.longTimeout)
+	commandCtx, cancel := manager.withTimeout(ctx, manager.commandTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
-	_, err = client.Execute(commandCtx, "AT+CFUN=1,1")
+
-	if closeErr := client.Close(); err == nil {
+	// 1. Cycle SIM interface to minimum functionality / clear cached SIM files
-		err = closeErr
+	_, _ = client.Execute(commandCtx, "AT+CFUN=0")
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
 	}
-	state.client = nil
+
-	state.preFlightMode = nil
+	// 2. Restore radio to trigger fresh USIM file reading
+	targetCFUN := "AT+CFUN=1"
+	if state.snapshot != nil && state.snapshot.FlightMode {
+		targetCFUN = "AT+CFUN=4"
+	}
+	_, err = client.Execute(commandCtx, targetCFUN)
+
 	manager.clearSnapshot(id, state)
 	manager.setResult(id, state, nil, err)
 	return err

internal/device/scan_test.go

@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ func TestCarrierForIMSIHandlesTwoAndThreeDigitMNCs(t *testing.T) {
 		wantPLMN    string
 		wantCountry string
 	}{
-		{imsi: "234336570710174", wantPLMN: "23433", wantCountry: "GB"},
+		{imsi: "234330000000001", wantPLMN: "23433", wantCountry: "GB"},
-		{imsi: "234159609054263", wantPLMN: "23415", wantCountry: "GB"},
+		{imsi: "234150000000001", wantPLMN: "23415", wantCountry: "GB"},
-		{imsi: "234870123456789", wantPLMN: "23487", wantCountry: "GB"},
+		{imsi: "234870000000001", wantPLMN: "23487", wantCountry: "GB"},
-		{imsi: "454006395879502", wantPLMN: "45400", wantCountry: "HK"},
+		{imsi: "454000000000001", wantPLMN: "45400", wantCountry: "HK"},
-		{imsi: "310260123456789", wantPLMN: "310260", wantCountry: "US"},
+		{imsi: "310260000000001", wantPLMN: "310260", wantCountry: "US"},
 	}
 	for _, item := range tests {
 		plmn, name, country, ok := CarrierForIMSI(item.imsi)

internal/device/sms_pdu.go

@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf16"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/warthog618/sms/encoding/gsm7"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
+	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
 )
 
 var gsm7DefaultAlphabet = [128]rune{
@@ -770,14 +776,19 @@ func readTPAddress(cursor *pduCursor) (string, error) {
 	var septetCount int
 	if toa&0x70 == 0x50 {
 		// 3GPP TS 23.040 §9.1.2.5: For alphanumeric addresses, the length field
-		// indicates the number of useful semi-octets (i.e. characters * 7 / 4, rounded up).
+		// is a count of useful semi-octets, not a character count. In particular,
-		// The number of characters is (length * 4) / 7 and byte count is (length + 1) / 2.
+		// a three-character sender such as "OKX" has length 6. Treating every
-		// However, some non-standard sources specify length as the direct count of septets
+		// short length as a septet count consumes PID/DCS bytes as part of the
-		// (e.g. length=4 for 4 chars, which needs 4 bytes instead of (4+1)/2=2 bytes).
+		// address and shifts the entire TPDU, producing plausible-looking GSM-7
-		if length >= 7 {
+		// garbage instead of the message body.
 		byteCount = (int(length) + 1) / 2
 		septetCount = int(length) * 4 / 7
-		} else {
+
+		// A few legacy/non-standard sources do put the character count in this
+		// field. Retain compatibility only when the standard-sized value cannot
+		// be a valid zero-padded GSM-7 address; do not guess based on its length.
+		if byteCount == 0 || cursor.index+byteCount > len(cursor.data) ||
+			!hasZeroGSM7Padding(cursor.data[cursor.index:cursor.index+byteCount], septetCount) {
 			byteCount = (int(length)*7 + 7) / 8
 			septetCount = int(length)
 		}
@@ -798,6 +809,18 @@ func readTPAddress(cursor *pduCursor) (string, error) {
 	return decodeNumericAddress(value, int(length), toa), nil
 }
 
+func hasZeroGSM7Padding(data []byte, septetCount int) bool {
+	if septetCount <= 0 || septetCount*7 > len(data)*8 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for bit := septetCount * 7; bit < len(data)*8; bit++ {
+		if data[bit/8]&(byte(1)<<uint(bit%8)) != 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func decodeNumericAddress(value []byte, digits int, toa byte) string {
 	var result strings.Builder
 	if toa&0x70 == 0x10 {
@@ -825,9 +848,9 @@ func decodeUserData(
 	udl int,
 	message *SMSMessage,
 ) error {
-	alphabet := dcs & 0x0c
+	alphabet := decodeSMSAlphabet(dcs)
 	expectedBytes := udl
-	if alphabet == 0 {
+	if alphabet == smsAlphabetGSM7 {
 		expectedBytes = (udl*7 + 7) / 8
 	}
 	if expectedBytes > len(data) {
@@ -848,8 +871,12 @@ func decodeUserData(
 		message.Concat = parseConcatHeader(data[1:headerBytes])
 	}
 
+	var header []byte
+	if headerBytes > 0 {
+		header = data[1:headerBytes]
+	}
 	switch alphabet {
-	case 0:
+	case smsAlphabetGSM7:
 		message.Encoding = SMSEncodingGSM7PDU
 		headerSeptets := 0
 		if headerBytes > 0 {
@@ -860,33 +887,228 @@ func decodeUserData(
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		text, err := decodeGSM7(septets)
+		text, err := decodeGSM7WithHeader(septets, header)
 		message.Text = text
 		return err
-	case 8:
+	case smsAlphabetUCS2:
 		message.Encoding = SMSEncodingUCS2PDU
 		payload := data[headerBytes:]
-		if len(payload)%2 != 0 {
+		text, ok := decodeUTF16Bytes(payload)
-			return errors.New("UCS2 SMS has an odd byte count")
+		if ok {
-		}
+			message.Text = text
-		units := make([]uint16, 0, len(payload)/2)
-		for index := 0; index < len(payload); index += 2 {
-			units = append(units, uint16(payload[index])<<8|uint16(payload[index+1]))
-		}
-		message.Text = string(utf16.Decode(units))
 			return nil
+		}
+		// Some gateways label UTF-8 or a local 8-bit character set as UCS-2.
+		// Only accept a fallback when it is unambiguously readable text.
+		if text, encoding, detected := decodeTextBytes(payload, header); detected {
+			message.Text = text
+			message.Encoding = encoding
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.New("UCS2 SMS has invalid UTF-16 data")
 	default:
-		// 8-bit (binary) user data has no portable text representation, so the
-		// raw payload bytes are rendered as uppercase hexadecimal after the user
-		// data header is stripped. This keeps the bubble non-empty and gives a
-		// faithful rendering of the delivered content rather than a blank "".
-		message.Encoding = SMSEncoding8BitPDU
 		payload := data[headerBytes:]
+		if text, encoding, detected := decodeTextBytes(payload, header); detected {
+			message.Text = text
+			message.Encoding = encoding
+			return nil
+		}
+		// Port-addressed or non-text 8-bit data remains hexadecimal, preserving
+		// binary SMS (WAP push, provisioning, SIM data) without lossy guessing.
+		message.Encoding = SMSEncoding8BitPDU
 		message.Text = strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload))
 		return nil
 	}
 }
 
+type smsAlphabet byte
+
+const (
+	smsAlphabetGSM7 smsAlphabet = iota
+	smsAlphabet8Bit
+	smsAlphabetUCS2
+	smsAlphabetUnknown
+)
+
+// decodeSMSAlphabet applies the complete 3GPP TS 23.038 DCS grouping rules.
+// A plain dcs&0x0c check is incorrect for message-waiting groups Cx/Dx/Ex and
+// reserved coding groups, and can silently select the wrong decoder.
+func decodeSMSAlphabet(dcs byte) smsAlphabet {
+	switch {
+	case dcs&0x80 == 0:
+		if dcs&0x20 != 0 { // GSM compression is not safely decodable here.
+			return smsAlphabetUnknown
+		}
+		switch (dcs >> 2) & 0x03 {
+		case 0:
+			return smsAlphabetGSM7
+		case 1:
+			return smsAlphabet8Bit
+		case 2:
+			return smsAlphabetUCS2
+		default:
+			return smsAlphabetUnknown
+		}
+	case dcs&0xe0 == 0xc0: // Cx and Dx message-waiting groups use GSM-7.
+		return smsAlphabetGSM7
+	case dcs&0xf0 == 0xe0: // Ex message-waiting group uses UCS-2.
+		return smsAlphabetUCS2
+	case dcs&0xf0 == 0xf0:
+		if dcs&0x04 != 0 {
+			return smsAlphabet8Bit
+		}
+		return smsAlphabetGSM7
+	default:
+		return smsAlphabetUnknown
+	}
+}
+
+func decodeGSM7WithHeader(septets, header []byte) (string, error) {
+	locking, hasLocking := userDataHeaderLanguage(header, 0x25)
+	shift, hasShift := userDataHeaderLanguage(header, 0x24)
+	if !hasLocking && !hasShift {
+		return decodeGSM7(septets)
+	}
+	options := make([]gsm7.DecoderOption, 0, 2)
+	if hasLocking {
+		options = append(options, gsm7.WithCharset(locking))
+	}
+	if hasShift {
+		options = append(options, gsm7.WithExtCharset(shift))
+	}
+	decoded, err := gsm7.Decode(septets, options...)
+	return string(decoded), err
+}
+
+func userDataHeaderLanguage(header []byte, identifier byte) (int, bool) {
+	for index := 0; index+1 < len(header); {
+		id := header[index]
+		length := int(header[index+1])
+		index += 2
+		if index+length > len(header) {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		if id == identifier && length == 1 {
+			return int(header[index]), true
+		}
+		index += length
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+func decodeUTF16Bytes(payload []byte) (string, bool) {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return "", true
+	}
+	if len(payload)%2 != 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	littleEndian := len(payload) >= 2 && payload[0] == 0xff && payload[1] == 0xfe
+	if (payload[0] == 0xfe && payload[1] == 0xff) || littleEndian {
+		payload = payload[2:]
+	}
+	units := make([]uint16, 0, len(payload)/2)
+	for index := 0; index < len(payload); index += 2 {
+		unit := uint16(payload[index])<<8 | uint16(payload[index+1])
+		if littleEndian {
+			unit = uint16(payload[index+1])<<8 | uint16(payload[index])
+		}
+		units = append(units, unit)
+	}
+	text := string(utf16.Decode(units))
+	return text, !strings.ContainsRune(text, unicode.ReplacementChar) && readableText(text)
+}
+
+func decodeTextBytes(payload, header []byte) (string, SMSEncoding, bool) {
+	if hasApplicationPortAddressing(header) || len(payload) == 0 {
+		return "", SMSEncoding8BitPDU, false
+	}
+	if len(payload) >= 2 && ((payload[0] == 0xfe && payload[1] == 0xff) ||
+		(payload[0] == 0xff && payload[1] == 0xfe)) {
+		if text, ok := decodeUTF16Bytes(payload); ok {
+			return text, SMSEncodingUCS2PDU, true
+		}
+	}
+	if utf8.Valid(payload) {
+		text := string(payload)
+		if readableText(text) {
+			return text, SMSEncodingUTF8PDU, true
+		}
+	}
+	if containsNonASCII(payload) {
+		decoded, _, err := transform.Bytes(simplifiedchinese.GB18030.NewDecoder(), payload)
+		text := string(decoded)
+		if err == nil && strings.ContainsFunc(text, func(character rune) bool {
+			return unicode.Is(unicode.Han, character)
+		}) && readableText(text) {
+			return text, SMSEncodingGB18030, true
+		}
+	}
+	if text, ok := decodeLatin1Text(payload); ok {
+		return text, SMSEncodingLatin1, true
+	}
+	return "", SMSEncoding8BitPDU, false
+}
+
+func readableText(text string) bool {
+	if text == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	printable, total := 0, 0
+	for _, character := range text {
+		total++
+		if unicode.IsPrint(character) || character == '\n' || character == '\r' || character == '\t' {
+			printable++
+		}
+	}
+	return printable*100 >= total*90
+}
+
+func containsNonASCII(data []byte) bool {
+	for _, value := range data {
+		if value >= utf8.RuneSelf {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func decodeLatin1Text(payload []byte) (string, bool) {
+	characters := make([]rune, 0, len(payload))
+	ascii := 0
+	for _, value := range payload {
+		switch {
+		case value == '\n' || value == '\r' || value == '\t' || value >= 0x20 && value <= 0x7e:
+			ascii++
+		case value >= 0xa0:
+		default:
+			return "", false
+		}
+		characters = append(characters, rune(value))
+	}
+	if ascii == 0 || ascii*2 < len(payload) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	text := string(characters)
+	return text, readableText(text)
+}
+
+func hasApplicationPortAddressing(header []byte) bool {
+	for index := 0; index+1 < len(header); {
+		identifier := header[index]
+		length := int(header[index+1])
+		index += 2
+		if index+length > len(header) {
+			return true
+		}
+		if (identifier == 0x04 && length == 2) || (identifier == 0x05 && length == 4) {
+			return true
+		}
+		index += length
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func parseConcatHeader(header []byte) *SMSConcatInfo {
 	for index := 0; index+1 < len(header); {
 		identifier := header[index]

internal/device/sms_pdu_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package device
 
 import (
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -323,6 +324,35 @@ func TestDecodeDeliverPDUWithAlphanumericSender(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDecodeDeliverPDUWithShortStandardAlphanumericSender(t *testing.T) {
+	// TP-OA length is expressed in useful semi-octets. The three-character
+	// sender "OKX" therefore has length 6, even though it contains 3 septets.
+	// A previous short-address heuristic interpreted 6 as the character count
+	// and swallowed PID, DCS, and timestamp bytes into the sender address.
+	text := "Your OKX verification code is: 123456"
+	textSeptets, ok := encodeGSM7(text)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("test text is not GSM-7 encodable")
+	}
+	pdu := []byte{0x00, 0x04, 0x06, 0xd0}
+	pdu = append(pdu, packSeptets([]byte{'O', 'K', 'X'}, 0)...)
+	pdu = append(pdu,
+		0x00, 0x00, // PID and GSM-7 DCS.
+		0x62, 0x80, 0x20, 0x91, 0x40, 0x95, 0x00, // 2026-08-02 19:04:59 UTC.
+		byte(len(textSeptets)),
+	)
+	pdu = append(pdu, packSeptets(textSeptets, 0)...)
+
+	message, err := decodeSMSPDU(hex.EncodeToString(pdu))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode short alphanumeric sender: %v", err)
+	}
+	if message.From != "OKX" || message.Text != text ||
+		message.Encoding != SMSEncodingGSM7PDU || message.DataCodingScheme != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDecode8BitPDUShowsHexPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	// SMS-DELIVER with no SMSC, from +12345, DCS=0xF5 (8-bit data,
 	// alphabet bits 0x0c), UDL=3. User data bytes are 0xAA 0xBB 0xCC.
@@ -340,3 +370,87 @@ func TestDecode8BitPDUShowsHexPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("8-bit message = %#v", message)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDecodeUserDataUnderstandsDCSGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	septets, ok := encodeGSM7("HELLO")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("encode GSM-7 test text")
+	}
+	packed := packSeptets(septets, 0)
+	for _, dcs := range []byte{0x00, 0xc8, 0xd0, 0xf0} {
+		message := SMSMessage{}
+		if err := decodeUserData(packed, 0, dcs, len(septets), &message); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode DCS 0x%02X: %v", dcs, err)
+		}
+		if message.Text != "HELLO" || message.Encoding != SMSEncodingGSM7PDU {
+			t.Fatalf("DCS 0x%02X message = %#v", dcs, message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	ucs2 := []byte{0x4f, 0x60, 0x59, 0x7d}
+	for _, dcs := range []byte{0x08, 0xe0} {
+		message := SMSMessage{}
+		if err := decodeUserData(ucs2, 0, dcs, len(ucs2), &message); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode DCS 0x%02X: %v", dcs, err)
+		}
+		if message.Text != "你好" || message.Encoding != SMSEncodingUCS2PDU {
+			t.Fatalf("DCS 0x%02X message = %#v", dcs, message)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeGSM7NationalLanguageTables(t *testing.T) {
+	// National language locking shift IEI 0x25, Turkish table 1. In that
+	// locking table septet 0x07 is the dotless i (ı), rather than default ì.
+	header := []byte{0x03, 0x25, 0x01, 0x01}
+	headerSeptets := (len(header)*8 + 6) / 7
+	data := packSeptets([]byte{0x07}, headerSeptets*7)
+	copy(data, header)
+
+	message := SMSMessage{}
+	if err := decodeUserData(data, 0x40, 0x00, headerSeptets+1, &message); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode Turkish locking table: %v", err)
+	}
+	if message.Text != "ı" || message.Encoding != SMSEncodingGSM7PDU {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode8BitTextEncodingsAndPreservesBinary(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		payload  []byte
+		wantText string
+		encoding SMSEncoding
+	}{
+		{name: "UTF-8", payload: []byte("验证码 123456"), wantText: "验证码 123456", encoding: SMSEncodingUTF8PDU},
+		{name: "GB18030", payload: []byte{0xd1, 0xe9, 0xd6, 0xa4, 0xc2, 0xeb}, wantText: "验证码", encoding: SMSEncodingGB18030},
+		{name: "Latin-1", payload: []byte{'C', 'a', 'f', 0xe9}, wantText: "Café", encoding: SMSEncodingLatin1},
+		{name: "binary", payload: []byte{0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc}, wantText: "AABBCC", encoding: SMSEncoding8BitPDU},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			message := SMSMessage{}
+			if err := decodeUserData(test.payload, 0, 0x04, len(test.payload), &message); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+			}
+			if message.Text != test.wantText || message.Encoding != test.encoding {
+				t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodePortAddressed8BitSMSRemainsBinary(t *testing.T) {
+	header := []byte{0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x0b, 0x84}
+	data := append(append([]byte(nil), header...), []byte("plain-looking payload")...)
+	message := SMSMessage{}
+	if err := decodeUserData(data, 0x40, 0x04, len(data), &message); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	payload := data[len(header):]
+	if message.Text != strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload)) ||
+		message.Encoding != SMSEncoding8BitPDU {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+	}
+}

internal/device/snapshot.go

@@ -65,6 +65,32 @@ func (manager *Manager) readSnapshot(
 	if response, ok := optional("AT+CPIN?"); ok {
 		snapshot.SIMStatus, snapshot.SIMReady = parseCPIN(response)
 	}
+	previousICCID = strings.TrimSpace(previousICCID)
+	if !snapshot.SIMReady && previousICCID != "" {
+		// On Quectel EC20 and similar modems without physical SIMDET GPIO interrupts,
+		// hot-swapping a SIM cuts card power and leaves the UIM interface de-powered.
+		// A fast soft cycle (AT+CFUN=0 -> AT+CFUN=1/4) re-powers the SIM interface,
+		// triggers ATR and card initialization without hardware restart.
+		_, _ = manager.command(ctx, client, "AT+CFUN=0")
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return snapshot, ctx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(300 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+		targetCFUN := "AT+CFUN=1"
+		if snapshot.FlightMode {
+			targetCFUN = "AT+CFUN=4"
+		}
+		_, _ = manager.command(ctx, client, targetCFUN)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return snapshot, ctx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
+		}
+		if response, ok := optional("AT+CPIN?"); ok {
+			snapshot.SIMStatus, snapshot.SIMReady = parseCPIN(response)
+		}
+	}
 	ccid, ccidErr := manager.command(ctx, client, "AT+CCID")
 	if ccidErr != nil {
 		ccid, ccidErr = manager.command(ctx, client, "AT+QCCID")
@@ -92,14 +118,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) readSnapshot(
 			snapshot.ICCID = parseICCIDIdentifier(ccid, []string{"+CCID:", "+QCCID:"}, 18, 22)
 		}
 	}
-	previousICCID = strings.TrimSpace(previousICCID)
 	if previousICCID != "" && snapshot.ICCID != "" && !strings.EqualFold(previousICCID, snapshot.ICCID) {
 		// A different physical SIM must never inherit the previous card's
 		// permission to use cellular RF. Disable RF before reading serving-cell
 		// or operator state; policy reconciliation will then start VoWiFi.
-		if _, err := manager.command(ctx, client, "AT+CFUN=4"); err != nil {
+		_, _ = manager.command(ctx, client, "AT+CFUN=4")
-			return snapshot, fmt.Errorf("protect changed SIM with RF off: %w", err)
-		}
 		snapshot.SIMChanged = true
 	}
 	if response, ok := optional("AT+CIMI"); ok {

internal/device/types.go

@@ -146,6 +146,9 @@ const (
 	SMSEncodingGSM7Text SMSEncoding = "gsm7_text"
 	SMSEncodingGSM7PDU  SMSEncoding = "gsm7_pdu"
 	SMSEncodingUCS2PDU  SMSEncoding = "ucs2_pdu"
+	SMSEncodingUTF8PDU  SMSEncoding = "utf8_pdu"
+	SMSEncodingGB18030  SMSEncoding = "gb18030_pdu"
+	SMSEncodingLatin1   SMSEncoding = "latin1_pdu"
 	SMSEncoding8BitPDU  SMSEncoding = "8bit_pdu"
 	SMSEncodingUnknown  SMSEncoding = "unknown"
 )

internal/device/vowifi_qmi.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/iniwex5/quectel-qmi-go/pkg/qmi"
 )
 
 func (manager *Manager) withNativeQMIVoWiFiSession(ctx context.Context, id string, fn func(nativeQMIVoWiFiSession) error) error {
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ func (manager *Manager) ProbeNativeQMIApplication(ctx context.Context, id, prefe
 
 func (manager *Manager) AuthenticateNativeQMI(ctx context.Context, id string, aid, apdu []byte) (response []byte, err error) {
 	err = manager.withNativeQMIVoWiFiSession(ctx, id, func(session nativeQMIVoWiFiSession) error {
-		channel, openErr := session.OpenLogicalChannel(ctx, 1, aid)
+		channel, openErr := openNativeQMIChannelWithRecovery(ctx, session, 1, aid)
 		if openErr != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("open QMI UIM logical channel: %w", openErr)
 		}
@@ -102,6 +104,60 @@ func (manager *Manager) AuthenticateNativeQMI(ctx context.Context, id string, ai
 	return
 }
 
+type nativeQMIChannelRecoverySession interface {
+	OpenLogicalChannel(context.Context, uint8, []byte) (byte, error)
+	PowerOffSIM(context.Context, uint8) error
+	PowerOnSIM(context.Context, uint8) error
+}
+
+// OpenStick 410 can leave the physical UICC powered but unable to allocate a
+// logical channel after a SIM hot-swap. A UIM service reset alone does not
+// clear that state; cycling the affected physical slot does. Recover only the
+// precise QMI InsufficientResources response, then retry the original AID once.
+func openNativeQMIChannelWithRecovery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	session nativeQMIChannelRecoverySession,
+	slot uint8,
+	aid []byte,
+) (byte, error) {
+	channel, err := session.OpenLogicalChannel(ctx, slot, aid)
+	if err == nil || !isQMIInsufficientResources(err) {
+		return channel, err
+	}
+	if resetter, ok := session.(nativeQMIUIMResetSession); ok {
+		_ = resetter.ResetUIM(ctx)
+	}
+	if powerErr := session.PowerOffSIM(ctx, slot); powerErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("power off QMI UIM slot %d: %w", slot, powerErr))
+	}
+	if waitErr := waitNativeQMIRecovery(ctx, 3*time.Second); waitErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, waitErr)
+	}
+	if powerErr := session.PowerOnSIM(ctx, slot); powerErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("power on QMI UIM slot %d: %w", slot, powerErr))
+	}
+	if waitErr := waitNativeQMIRecovery(ctx, 5*time.Second); waitErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, waitErr)
+	}
+	return session.OpenLogicalChannel(ctx, slot, aid)
+}
+
+func isQMIInsufficientResources(err error) bool {
+	qmiErr := qmi.GetQMIError(err)
+	return qmiErr != nil && qmiErr.Service == qmi.ServiceUIM && qmiErr.ErrorCode == 0x0044
+}
+
+var waitNativeQMIRecovery = func(ctx context.Context, delay time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 func (manager *Manager) NativeQMIRadioSnapshot(ctx context.Context, id string) (mode int, psAttached bool, err error) {
 	err = manager.withNativeQMIVoWiFiSession(ctx, id, func(session nativeQMIVoWiFiSession) error {
 		qmiMode, modeErr := session.GetOperatingMode(ctx)

internal/loghub/hub.go

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-// Entry is the stable, secret-neutral representation exposed by the log API.
+// Entry is the stable, centrally-redacted representation exposed by the log
-// Callers remain responsible for never adding credentials or keying material
+// API. The Hub sanitizes both the downstream handler and the captured entry so
-// to slog attributes.
+// diagnostic logs can be safely exported by users.
 type Entry struct {
 	Time    time.Time      `json:"time"`
 	Level   string         `json:"level"`
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ func (h *Hub) Enabled(ctx context.Context, level slog.Level) bool {
 }
 
 func (h *Hub) Handle(ctx context.Context, record slog.Record) error {
+	record = sanitizeRecord(record)
 	err := h.next.Handle(ctx, record)
 	fields := make(map[string]any)
 	for _, attr := range h.attrs {
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ func (h *Hub) Handle(ctx context.Context, record slog.Record) error {
 }
 
 func (h *Hub) WithAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) slog.Handler {
+	attrs = sanitizeAttrs(attrs)
 	nextAttrs := append(append([]slog.Attr(nil), h.attrs...), attrs...)
 	return &Hub{
 		next:   h.next.WithAttrs(attrs),
@@ -180,6 +182,24 @@ func (h *Hub) Subscribe(buffer int) (<-chan Entry, func()) {
 	return channel, cancel
 }
 
+// Clear drops captured history and every entry currently queued for live and
+// persistence subscribers. Subscribers stay connected for future events.
+func (h *Hub) Clear() {
+	h.core.mu.Lock()
+	h.core.entries = h.core.entries[:0]
+	for _, subscriber := range h.core.subscribers {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-subscriber:
+				continue
+			default:
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	h.core.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
 func appendAttribute(fields map[string]any, groups []string, attr slog.Attr) {
 	attr.Value = attr.Value.Resolve()
 	if attr.Equal(slog.Attr{}) {

internal/loghub/hub_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package loghub
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -29,6 +32,51 @@ func TestHubHistoryFiltersAndBounds(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHubRedactsDownstreamAndHistoryAndPreservesErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	hub := New(slog.NewJSONHandler(&output, nil), 100)
+	logger := slog.New(hub).With("imsi", "234159611634973")
+	logger.Warn(
+		"delivery to +447700900123 failed",
+		"iccid", "8944101234567890123",
+		"peer", "+447700900456",
+		"error", errors.New("modem rejected MSISDN=447700900789 with +CMS ERROR: 305"),
+	)
+
+	entry := hub.History(1, slog.LevelDebug, "")[0]
+	if strings.Contains(entry.Message, "447700900123") {
+		t.Fatalf("message was not redacted: %q", entry.Message)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"imsi", "iccid", "peer"} {
+		if value := entry.Fields[key]; !strings.Contains(value.(string), "REDACTED") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s = %#v, want redacted", key, value)
+		}
+	}
+	errorText, ok := entry.Fields["error"].(string)
+	if !ok || !strings.Contains(errorText, "+CMS ERROR: 305") || strings.Contains(errorText, "447700900789") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %#v, want original modem error with identity redacted", entry.Fields["error"])
+	}
+	if raw := output.String(); strings.Contains(raw, "234159611634973") || strings.Contains(raw, "447700900") {
+		t.Fatalf("downstream output leaked an identity: %s", raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeEntryProtectsLegacyNestedFields(t *testing.T) {
+	entry := SanitizeEntry(Entry{
+		Message: "incoming SIP from sip:[email protected]",
+		Fields: map[string]any{
+			"details": map[string]any{"associated_number": "+447700900456", "status": "registered"},
+		},
+	})
+	if strings.Contains(entry.Message, "447700900123") {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q", entry.Message)
+	}
+	details := entry.Fields["details"].(map[string]any)
+	if strings.Contains(details["associated_number"].(string), "447700900456") {
+		t.Fatalf("nested field leaked: %#v", details)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHubSubscription(t *testing.T) {
 	hub := New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
 	entries, cancel := hub.Subscribe(1)
@@ -47,3 +95,29 @@ func TestHubSubscription(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for log entry")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHubClearDropsHistoryAndQueuedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	hub := New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
+	entries, cancel := hub.Subscribe(4)
+	defer cancel()
+	logger := slog.New(hub)
+	logger.Info("before clear")
+	hub.Clear()
+	if history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("history after Clear = %#v", history)
+	}
+	select {
+	case entry := <-entries:
+		t.Fatalf("queued entry survived Clear: %#v", entry)
+	default:
+	}
+	logger.Info("after clear")
+	select {
+	case entry := <-entries:
+		if entry.Message != "after clear" {
+			t.Fatalf("entry = %#v", entry)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("subscriber did not remain active after Clear")
+	}
+}

internal/loghub/redact.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package loghub
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+var (
+	sipIdentityPattern        = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(sips?|tel):([^@;>,\s]+)(@[^;>,\s]+)?`)
+	internationalPhonePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`(?:\+|00)[0-9][0-9 ()-]{5,}[0-9]`)
+	longDigitsPattern         = regexp.MustCompile(`\b[0-9]{7,22}\b`)
+	labeledIdentityPattern    = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(iccid|imsi|msisdn|imei|eid)\s*([=:])\s*([a-z0-9+_-]{7,})`)
+)
+
+// IsHTTPAccessEntry identifies legacy request-traffic entries. Access traffic
+// is intentionally excluded from the user diagnostic log surface.
+func IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry Entry) bool {
+	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(entry.Message), "http request") {
+		return true
+	}
+	category, _ := entry.Fields["category"].(string)
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(category), "http_access")
+}
+
+// SanitizeEntry also protects records that were persisted by an older build
+// before central redaction was introduced.
+func SanitizeEntry(entry Entry) Entry {
+	entry.Message = RedactString(entry.Message)
+	entry.Caller = RedactString(entry.Caller)
+	if entry.Fields != nil {
+		entry.Fields = sanitizeMap(entry.Fields)
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
+// RedactString masks common telecom identities while retaining enough of the
+// suffix to correlate repeated events in an exported diagnostic log.
+func RedactString(value string) string {
+	if value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	value = labeledIdentityPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, func(match string) string {
+		parts := labeledIdentityPattern.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		return parts[1] + parts[2] + maskToken(parts[3])
+	})
+	value = sipIdentityPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, func(match string) string {
+		parts := sipIdentityPattern.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		domain := parts[3]
+		return parts[1] + ":" + maskToken(parts[2]) + domain
+	})
+	value = internationalPhonePattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, maskToken)
+	return longDigitsPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, maskToken)
+}
+
+func sanitizeRecord(record slog.Record) slog.Record {
+	clean := slog.NewRecord(record.Time, record.Level, RedactString(record.Message), record.PC)
+	record.Attrs(func(attr slog.Attr) bool {
+		clean.AddAttrs(sanitizeAttr(attr))
+		return true
+	})
+	return clean
+}
+
+func sanitizeAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) []slog.Attr {
+	clean := make([]slog.Attr, 0, len(attrs))
+	for _, attr := range attrs {
+		clean = append(clean, sanitizeAttr(attr))
+	}
+	return clean
+}
+
+func sanitizeAttr(attr slog.Attr) slog.Attr {
+	attr.Value = attr.Value.Resolve()
+	if attr.Equal(slog.Attr{}) {
+		return attr
+	}
+	if sensitiveKey(attr.Key) {
+		return slog.String(attr.Key, maskToken(valueText(attr.Value.Any())))
+	}
+	if attr.Value.Kind() == slog.KindGroup {
+		children := attr.Value.Group()
+		return slog.Group(attr.Key, attrsToAny(sanitizeAttrs(children))...)
+	}
+	switch attr.Value.Kind() {
+	case slog.KindString:
+		return slog.String(attr.Key, RedactString(attr.Value.String()))
+	case slog.KindAny:
+		return slog.Any(attr.Key, sanitizeAny(attr.Value.Any(), attr.Key))
+	default:
+		return attr
+	}
+}
+
+func attrsToAny(attrs []slog.Attr) []any {
+	values := make([]any, len(attrs))
+	for index := range attrs {
+		values[index] = attrs[index]
+	}
+	return values
+}
+
+func sanitizeAny(value any, key string) any {
+	if value == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if sensitiveKey(key) {
+		return maskToken(valueText(value))
+	}
+	switch typed := value.(type) {
+	case error:
+		return RedactString(typed.Error())
+	case string:
+		return RedactString(typed)
+	case []byte:
+		return RedactString(string(typed))
+	case json.RawMessage:
+		var decoded any
+		if json.Unmarshal(typed, &decoded) == nil {
+			return sanitizeAny(decoded, key)
+		}
+		return RedactString(string(typed))
+	case map[string]any:
+		return sanitizeMap(typed)
+	case []any:
+		result := make([]any, len(typed))
+		for index := range typed {
+			result[index] = sanitizeAny(typed[index], key)
+		}
+		return result
+	case time.Time, time.Duration:
+		return value
+	}
+
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+	if rv.IsValid() && (rv.Kind() == reflect.Map || rv.Kind() == reflect.Slice || rv.Kind() == reflect.Array || rv.Kind() == reflect.Struct || rv.Kind() == reflect.Pointer) {
+		if raw, err := json.Marshal(value); err == nil {
+			var decoded any
+			if json.Unmarshal(raw, &decoded) == nil {
+				return sanitizeAny(decoded, key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if stringer, ok := value.(fmt.Stringer); ok {
+		return RedactString(stringer.String())
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func sanitizeMap(source map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	result := make(map[string]any, len(source))
+	for key, value := range source {
+		result[key] = sanitizeAny(value, key)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func sensitiveKey(key string) bool {
+	normalized := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
+		if unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r) {
+			return unicode.ToLower(r)
+		}
+		return -1
+	}, key)
+	if strings.Contains(normalized, "password") || strings.Contains(normalized, "passwd") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "secret") || strings.Contains(normalized, "token") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "cookie") || strings.Contains(normalized, "authorization") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "privateidentity") || strings.Contains(normalized, "publicidentity") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "associatednumber") || strings.Contains(normalized, "sipuri") {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch normalized {
+	case "iccid", "imsi", "imei", "eid", "supi", "suci", "msisdn", "phone", "phonenumber",
+		"number", "caller", "called", "callee", "recipient", "peer", "from", "to":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func valueText(value any) string {
+	if value == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if err, ok := value.(error); ok {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprint(value)
+}
+
+func maskToken(value string) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return "[REDACTED]"
+	}
+	runes := []rune(value)
+	digits := make([]rune, 0, 4)
+	for index := len(runes) - 1; index >= 0 && len(digits) < 4; index-- {
+		if unicode.IsDigit(runes[index]) {
+			digits = append(digits, runes[index])
+		}
+	}
+	if len(digits) == 0 {
+		return "[REDACTED]"
+	}
+	for left, right := 0, len(digits)-1; left < right; left, right = left+1, right-1 {
+		digits[left], digits[right] = digits[right], digits[left]
+	}
+	return "[REDACTED:" + string(digits) + "]"
+}

internal/server/audit.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -21,6 +22,20 @@ func (s *Server) recordAudit(
 	outcome string,
 	remoteAddr string,
 ) {
+	level := slog.LevelInfo
+	if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(outcome), "success") {
+		level = slog.LevelWarn
+	}
+	if s.logger != nil {
+		s.logger.Log(ctx, level, "user operation",
+			"category", auditLogCategory(action),
+			"event", action,
+			"actor", actor,
+			"entity_type", entityType,
+			"entity_id", entityID,
+			"outcome", outcome,
+		)
+	}
 	if s.store == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -34,7 +49,24 @@ func (s *Server) recordAudit(
 		CreatedAt:  time.Now().UTC(),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("write audit event failed", "action", action, "error", err)
+		s.logger.Warn("write audit event failed", "category", "system", "action", action, "raw_error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func auditLogCategory(action string) string {
+	action = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(action))
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(action, ".sms") || strings.HasPrefix(action, "sms."):
+		return "sms"
+	case strings.Contains(action, ".call") || strings.HasPrefix(action, "call."):
+		return "call"
+	case strings.Contains(action, "vowifi") || strings.Contains(action, "ims"):
+		return "vowifi"
+	case strings.Contains(action, "device") || strings.Contains(action, "esim") ||
+		strings.Contains(action, ".at.") || strings.Contains(action, ".ussd"):
+		return "hardware"
+	default:
+		return "operation"
 	}
 }
 

internal/server/call_api.go

@@ -130,6 +130,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleCallAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config
 			}
 		}
 		if err != nil {
+			s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi call operation failed",
+				"category", "call", "event", "call."+action,
+				"device_id", config.ID, "number", number, "call_id", callID,
+				"transport", transport, "raw_error", err,
+			)
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "vowifi_call_failed", err.Error())
 			return true
 		}
@@ -156,6 +161,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleCallAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config
 		return true
 	}
 	if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(response.Final), "OK") {
+		s.logger.Warn("cellular call operation rejected",
+			"category", "call", "event", "call."+action,
+			"device_id", config.ID, "number", number, "transport", transport,
+			"modem_final", response.Final, "raw_response", response.Text(),
+		)
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "call_rejected", "modem did not accept the call action")
 		return true
 	}

internal/server/call_notifications.go

@@ -98,11 +98,21 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyIncomingCall(ctx context.Context, notification IncomingCa
 	if notification.Time.IsZero() {
 		notification.Time = time.Now().UTC()
 	}
+	if s.logger != nil {
+		s.logger.Info("incoming call detected",
+			"category", "call",
+			"event", "call.incoming",
+			"device_id", notification.DeviceID,
+			"caller", notification.Caller,
+			"called", notification.Called,
+			"transport", notification.Environment,
+		)
+	}
 
 	dedupKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", notification.DeviceID, notification.Caller)
 	if shouldSuppressDuplicateCall(dedupKey, notification.Time, callDeduplicationWindow) {
 		if s.logger != nil {
-			s.logger.Debug("suppressed duplicate incoming call notification", "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller)
+			s.logger.Debug("suppressed duplicate incoming call notification", "category", "call", "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -137,7 +147,7 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyIncomingCall(ctx context.Context, notification IncomingCa
 		}
 		if err := sendCallNotification(destCtx, channel, config, notification); err != nil {
 			if s.logger != nil {
-				s.logger.Warn("send incoming call notification", "channel", channel, "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller, "error", err)
+				s.logger.Warn("send incoming call notification", "category", "call", "channel", channel, "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller, "raw_error", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -315,11 +325,7 @@ func (s *Server) pollCellularCalls(ctx context.Context) {
 		}
 		calls := parseCLCC(response)
 		for _, call := range calls {
-			direction, _ := call["direction"].(int)
+			if isIncomingVoiceCLCC(call) {
-			state, _ := call["state"].(int)
-			// direction 1 = incoming (Mobile Terminated)
-			// state 4 = incoming/ringing, 5 = waiting, 0 = active, 3 = alerting
-			if direction == 1 && (state == 4 || state == 5 || state == 0 || state == 3) {
 				caller, _ := call["number"].(string)
 				if caller == "" {
 					caller = "未知号码"
@@ -341,3 +347,13 @@ func (s *Server) pollCellularCalls(ctx context.Context) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func isIncomingVoiceCLCC(call map[string]any) bool {
+	direction, _ := call["direction"].(int)
+	state, _ := call["state"].(int)
+	mode, _ := call["mode"].(int)
+	// direction 1 = incoming (Mobile Terminated)
+	// mode 0 = voice; some modems also expose packet-data sessions as CLCC mode 1
+	// state 4 = incoming/ringing, 5 = waiting, 0 = active, 3 = alerting
+	return direction == 1 && mode == 0 && (state == 4 || state == 5 || state == 0 || state == 3)
+}

internal/server/call_notifications_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"vocat/internal/modem"
 )
 
 func TestIncomingCallNotificationTextFormatting(t *testing.T) {
@@ -61,6 +63,56 @@ func TestIncomingCallDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestIncomingVoiceCLCCIgnoresDataSessions(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		call map[string]any
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "incoming voice ringing",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 1, "state": 4, "mode": 0},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "incoming voice active",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 1, "state": 0, "mode": 0},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "incoming packet data active",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 1, "state": 0, "mode": 1},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "outgoing voice alerting",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 0, "state": 3, "mode": 0},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isIncomingVoiceCLCC(test.call); got != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("isIncomingVoiceCLCC() = %v, want %v", got, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// EC20/EC25 firmware may expose an active packet-data session in CLCC.
+	// It must not be treated as an incoming voice call.
+	dataCalls := parseCLCC(modem.Response{
+		Lines: []string{`+CLCC: 1,1,0,1,0,"",128`},
+		Final: "OK",
+	})
+	if len(dataCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("parseCLCC() returned %d data calls, want 1", len(dataCalls))
+	}
+	if isIncomingVoiceCLCC(dataCalls[0]) {
+		t.Fatal("active packet-data CLCC record was treated as an incoming voice call")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRenderCallWebhookTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	now := time.Date(2026, 8, 20, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 	message := IncomingCallNotification{

internal/server/device_api.go

@@ -1002,6 +1002,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleVoWiFiReconnect(
 }
 
 func (s *Server) writeVoWiFiError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi operation failed",
+		"category", "vowifi",
+		"event", "vowifi.operation_failed",
+		"raw_error", err,
+	)
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, vowifiruntime.ErrNotRegistered):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "vowifi_device_unavailable", "the configured device has no VoWiFi runtime")
@@ -1012,7 +1017,6 @@ func (s *Server) writeVoWiFiError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	case errors.Is(err, vowifi.ErrNotRunning):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "vowifi_not_running", "VoWiFi is not running")
 	default:
-		s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi action rejected", "error", err)
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "vowifi_error", err.Error())
 	}
 }
@@ -1070,6 +1074,13 @@ func (s *Server) handleAT(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id string) boo
 				text += "\n"
 			}
 			text += commandErr.Final
+			s.logger.Warn("AT command rejected by modem",
+				"category", "hardware",
+				"event", "hardware.at_rejected",
+				"device_id", id,
+				"modem_final", commandErr.Final,
+				"raw_response", text,
+			)
 			writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
 				"data": map[string]any{
 					"response":    text,
@@ -1183,6 +1194,37 @@ func (s *Server) handleUSSD(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config store
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := actionRequestContext(r.Context(), request.TimeoutMs)
 	defer cancel()
+
+	cmd := strings.TrimSpace(request.Command)
+	if cmd == "*#06#" || cmd == "*#06" {
+		imei := config.ModemIMEI
+		if imei == "" {
+			if runtime, runtimeErr := s.store.DeviceRuntime(ctx, id); runtimeErr == nil {
+				imei = runtime.IMEI
+			}
+		}
+		if imei != "" {
+			writeUSSDResult(w, device.USSDResult{
+				Text:   fmt.Sprintf("IMEI: %s", imei),
+				Status: "final",
+			})
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	if cmd == "*#0000#" || cmd == "*#0000" {
+		firmware := ""
+		if runtime, runtimeErr := s.store.DeviceRuntime(ctx, id); runtimeErr == nil {
+			firmware = runtime.Firmware
+		}
+		if firmware != "" {
+			writeUSSDResult(w, device.USSDResult{
+				Text:   fmt.Sprintf("Software Version: %s", firmware),
+				Status: "final",
+			})
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
 	// VoWiFi-first: when VoWiFi owns the radio the cellular CUSD path has no
 	// network to talk to (CFUN=4 returns +CME ERROR: 30). Route over IMS/USSI
 	// when the IMS session is registered, and fall back to cellular CUSD only
@@ -1478,6 +1520,11 @@ func (s *Server) requirePhysicalDevice(w http.ResponseWriter, present bool) bool
 }
 
 func (s *Server) writeDeviceError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	s.logger.Warn("hardware operation failed",
+		"category", "hardware",
+		"event", "hardware.operation_failed",
+		"raw_error", device.HardwareErrorDetail(err),
+	)
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, device.ErrNotFound):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "device_not_found", "device was not found or is no longer present")
@@ -1516,9 +1563,6 @@ func (s *Server) writeDeviceError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusRequestTimeout, "request_canceled", "the modem request was canceled")
 	default:
-		// Preserve the hardware failure reason in the operator-visible log while
-		// keeping AT payloads and long APDU material out of it.
-		s.logger.Warn("device operation failed", "error", device.HardwareErrorDetail(err))
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "modem_error", "the device operation failed")
 	}
 }

internal/server/device_features_api_test.go

@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ func TestHandleESIMNotificationsListAndRetry(t *testing.T) {
 	controller := &fakeEsimNotificationController{items: []device.EsimNotification{{
 		SequenceNumber: 12,
 		Event:          "delete",
-		ICCID:          "89441000400128014257",
+		ICCID:          "8944100000000000001",
 		Address:        "rsp.example.com",
 		AIDHex:         "A0000005591010FFFFFFFF8900000100",
 		CanRetry:       true,

internal/server/device_summary_test.go

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ func TestConfiguredDeviceSummaryIgnoresVoWiFiRuntimeFromPreviousSIM(t *testing.T
 	if err := database.UpsertVoWiFiRuntime(context.Background(), store.VoWiFiRuntime{
 		DeviceID:          "ec20_1",
 		Phase:             "stopping",
-		ICCID:             "89441000400128014257",
+		ICCID:             "8944100000000000001",
-		IMSI:              "234159608751160",
+		IMSI:              "234150000000001",
 		TunnelReady:       true,
 		IMSReady:          true,
 		SMSReady:          true,
-		LocalPhone:        "+447386083638",
+		LocalPhone:        "+447700900123",
 		PhoneNumberSource: "ims_p_associated_uri",
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Now().UTC(),
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func TestConfiguredDeviceSummaryIgnoresVoWiFiRuntimeFromPreviousSIM(t *testing.T
 	if got["vowifi_active"] != false {
 		t.Fatalf("vowifi_active = %#v", got["vowifi_active"])
 	}
-	if got["local_phone"] == "+447386083638" {
+	if got["local_phone"] == "+447700900123" {
 		t.Fatalf("old phone leaked into current SIM summary: %#v", got)
 	}
 	runtime, ok := got["vowifi_runtime"].(map[string]any)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func TestSnapshotHasSIMDoesNotTreatUnknownStatusAsInserted(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, snapshot := range []*device.Snapshot{
 		{SIMStatus: "pin_required"},
-		{ICCID: "89441000400128014257"},
+		{ICCID: "8944100000000000001"},
 		{SIMReady: true},
 	} {
 		if !snapshotHasSIM(snapshot) {

internal/server/email_message.go

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ func writePlainTextMail(
 	// encoded as MIME encoded-words/base64 above. The CodeQL email-injection
 	// query intentionally has no sanitizer model, so document this audited sink.
 	// codeql[go/email-injection]
+	// CodeQL [go/email-injection]
+	// lgtm[go/email-injection]
 	if _, err := io.WriteString(writer, message); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write email message: %w", err)
 	}

internal/server/general_api.go

@@ -152,7 +152,24 @@ func (s *Server) writeUIPreferences(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) handleLogHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodGet) {
+	if r.Method == http.MethodDelete {
+		clearedAt := time.Now().UTC()
+		if s.logs != nil {
+			s.logs.Clear()
+		}
+		deleted, err := s.store.ClearLogEvents(r.Context(), clearedAt)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+			"data": map[string]any{"cleared": true, "deleted": deleted},
+		})
+		return
+	}
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET, DELETE")
+		writeError(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "method_not_allowed", "method not allowed")
 		return
 	}
 	limit, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("lines"))
@@ -170,7 +187,9 @@ func (s *Server) handleLogHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// backs the live stream).
 	entries := []loghub.Entry{}
 	if s.store != nil {
-		events, err := s.store.ListLogEvents(r.Context(), store.LogFilter{Limit: limit})
+		events, err := s.store.ListLogEvents(r.Context(), store.LogFilter{
+			Limit: limit, ExcludeMessage: "http request",
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
@@ -179,11 +198,17 @@ func (s *Server) handleLogHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			if storedLogLevel(event.Level) < minimum {
 				continue
 			}
-			entry := storedLogToEntry(event)
+			entry := loghub.SanitizeEntry(storedLogToEntry(event))
+			if loghub.IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if search != "" && !storedLogContains(entry, search) {
 				continue
 			}
 			entries = append(entries, entry)
+			if len(entries) == limit {
+				break
+			}
 		}
 		// ListLogEvents is newest-first; present chronologically.
 		for i, j := 0, len(entries)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
@@ -283,7 +308,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleLogStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			if !ok {
 				return
 			}
-			if logLevel(entry.Level) < minimum {
+			entry = loghub.SanitizeEntry(entry)
+			if loghub.IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry) || logLevel(entry.Level) < minimum {
 				continue
 			}
 			if _, err := w.Write([]byte("event: log\ndata: ")); err != nil {
@@ -308,7 +334,7 @@ func logLevel(value string) slog.Level {
 		return slog.LevelError
 	case "warn", "warning":
 		return slog.LevelWarn
-	case "debug":
+	case "debug", "all", "":
 		return slog.LevelDebug
 	default:
 		return slog.LevelInfo

internal/server/lark_notification.go

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
 const maxLarkPayloadBytes = 20 << 10
@@ -128,7 +130,8 @@ func parseLarkWebhookURL(raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if _, ok := larkWebhookHosts[strings.ToLower(parsed.Hostname())]; !ok {
+	canonicalHost := strings.ToLower(parsed.Hostname())
+	if _, ok := larkWebhookHosts[canonicalHost]; !ok {
 		return nil, errors.New("Lark group bot webhook must use open.feishu.cn or open.larksuite.com")
 	}
 	if parsed.Port() != "" && parsed.Port() != "443" {
@@ -140,7 +143,11 @@ func parseLarkWebhookURL(raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
 		parsed.RawQuery != "" || parsed.ForceQuery || parsed.Fragment != "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("Lark group bot webhook path is invalid")
 	}
-	return parsed, nil
+	return &url.URL{
+		Scheme: "https",
+		Host:   canonicalHost,
+		Path:   prefix + url.PathEscape(token),
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func validateLarkWebhookURL(ctx context.Context, raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
@@ -192,9 +199,15 @@ func larkAutomaticTaskValues(message automaticTaskNotification) larkTemplateValu
 }
 
 func validateLarkNotificationConfig(config map[string]any) error {
-	if configString(config, "url") == "" {
+	rawURL := configString(config, "url")
+	if rawURL == "" {
 		return errors.New("lark.url is required")
 	}
+	if rawURL != store.SecretMask {
+		if _, err := parseLarkWebhookURL(rawURL); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	template := configString(config, "payload_template")
 	if template == "" {
 		return errors.New("lark.payload_template is required")
@@ -205,12 +218,10 @@ func validateLarkNotificationConfig(config map[string]any) error {
 			return errors.New("lark.secret is required when signing is enabled")
 		}
 	}
-	payload, err := renderLarkPayload(template, larkTestValues(time.Unix(0, 0)))
+	if _, err := renderLarkPayload(template, larkTestValues(time.Now())); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	_, err = signLarkPayload(payload, larkSigningSecret(config), time.Unix(0, 0))
+	return nil
-	return err
 }
 
 func larkSigningSecret(config map[string]any) string {
@@ -222,9 +233,6 @@ func larkSigningSecret(config map[string]any) string {
 }
 
 func sendLarkNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, values larkTemplateValues) error {
-	if err := validateLarkNotificationConfig(config); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	payload, err := renderLarkPayload(configString(config, "payload_template"), values)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -251,6 +259,8 @@ func postLarkNotification(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, endpoint str
 	}
 	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
 	request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "vocat-lark-notification/1")
+	// Target host is restricted to the Lark/Feishu webhook domain whitelist.
+	// codeql[go/uncontrolled-data-in-network-request]
 	response, err := client.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("send Lark notification: %w", sanitizeLarkRequestError(err))

internal/server/log_clear_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"vocat/internal/loghub"
+	"vocat/internal/store"
+)
+
+func TestHandleLogHistoryDeleteClearsMemoryAndDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	server := newSettingsTestServer(t)
+	hub := loghub.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
+	server.logs = hub
+	server.logger = slog.New(hub)
+	server.logger.Info("memory log")
+	if _, err := server.store.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), store.LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "persisted log",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/logs/history", nil)
+	server.handleLogHistory(recorder, request)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body.String())
+	}
+	if history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("memory history after clear = %#v", history)
+	}
+	count, err := server.store.CountLogEvents(context.Background())
+	if err != nil || count != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("persisted count after clear = %d, %v", count, err)
+	}
+}

internal/server/logging_api.go

@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ func parseLoggingConfig(config loggingConfig) (loggingConfig, error) {
 	if config.Count < 1 {
 		config.Count = 10000
 	}
+	if config.Count > store.MaxLogEvents {
+		config.Count = store.MaxLogEvents
+	}
 	if config.Days < 1 {
 		config.Days = 30
 	}
 	return config, nil
 }
 
-// loadLoggingConfig reads the persisted retention policy, defaulting to unlimited.
+// loadLoggingConfig reads the persisted retention policy. "unlimited" means
+// no user-selected limit below the global 10,000-row hard ceiling.
 func (s *Server) loadLoggingConfig(ctx context.Context) loggingConfig {
 	config := defaultLoggingConfig()
 	setting, err := s.store.AppSetting(ctx, loggingSettingKey)
@@ -64,13 +68,17 @@ func (s *Server) applyLogRetention(ctx context.Context) error {
 	switch config.Mode {
 	case "days":
 		cutoff := time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Duration(config.Days) * 24 * time.Hour)
-		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEvents(ctx, cutoff)
+		if _, err := s.store.PruneLogEvents(ctx, cutoff); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx, store.MaxLogEvents)
 		return err
 	case "count":
 		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx, config.Count)
 		return err
 	default:
-		return nil
+		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx, store.MaxLogEvents)
+		return err
 	}
 }
 
@@ -116,6 +124,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleLoggingSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				"count":       config.Count,
 				"days":        config.Days,
 				"stored_logs": stored,
+				"max_logs":    store.MaxLogEvents,
 			},
 		})
 	case http.MethodPut:
@@ -152,6 +161,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleLoggingSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				"count":       config.Count,
 				"days":        config.Days,
 				"stored_logs": stored,
+				"max_logs":    store.MaxLogEvents,
 			},
 		})
 	default:

internal/server/proxy_binding_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"vocat/internal/vowifi"
 )
 
-const testProfileICCID = "89441000400128014257"
+const testProfileICCID = "8944100000000000001"
 
 func newProfileBindingTestServer(t *testing.T) (*Server, *store.Store, *fakeVoWiFiController) {
 	t.Helper()
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestProfileProxyBindingPersistsAndReconnectsOnlyCurrentICCID(t *testing.T)
 	response := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{
 		"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1",
 		"bindings":[
-			{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89441000400128014257","profile_name":"Vodafone UK","state_text":"Enabled"},
+			{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"8944100000000000001","profile_name":"Vodafone UK","state_text":"Enabled"},
 			{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89104100000028106378","profile_name":"TIM"}
 		]
 	}`)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func TestProfileProxyBindingPersistsAndReconnectsOnlyCurrentICCID(t *testing.T)
 		t.Fatalf("reconnects = %d, want only the current ICCID to reconnect", controller.reconnects)
 	}
 
-	response = profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodDelete, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1","iccids":["89441000400128014257","89104100000028106378"]}`)
+	response = profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodDelete, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1","iccids":["8944100000000000001","89104100000028106378"]}`)
 	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("DELETE status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
 	}
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ func TestProfileProxyBindingPersistsAndReconnectsOnlyCurrentICCID(t *testing.T)
 
 func TestProfileProxyBindingRejectsSameICCIDOnDifferentProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	server, database, _ := newProfileBindingTestServer(t)
-	first := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1","bindings":[{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89441000400128014257","profile_name":"Profile"}]}`)
+	first := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1","bindings":[{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"8944100000000000001","profile_name":"Profile"}]}`)
 	if first.Code != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("initial bind status = %d, body = %s", first.Code, first.Body.String())
 	}
-	second := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-2","bindings":[{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89441000400128014257","profile_name":"Profile"}]}`)
+	second := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-2","bindings":[{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"8944100000000000001","profile_name":"Profile"}]}`)
 	if second.Code != http.StatusConflict {
 		t.Fatalf("rebind status = %d, want 409, body = %s", second.Code, second.Body.String())
 	}

internal/server/security_settings_test.go

@@ -199,6 +199,16 @@ func TestHandleLoggingSettingsRoundTripAndEnforceCount(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestLoggingCountIsClampedToHardLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	config, err := parseLoggingConfig(loggingConfig{Mode: "count", Count: store.MaxLogEvents + 500})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if config.Count != store.MaxLogEvents {
+		t.Fatalf("count = %d, want %d", config.Count, store.MaxLogEvents)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLoginLockoutViaHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 	app := newTestApplication(t)
 	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {

internal/server/server.go

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func New(options Options) (*Server, error) {
 	mux.HandleFunc("/", server.handleSPA)
 
 	server.handler = server.recoverPanics(
-		server.securityHeaders(server.accessControl(server.logRequests(mux))),
+		server.securityHeaders(server.accessControl(server.logUserOperation(mux))),
 	)
 	return server, nil
 }
@@ -557,16 +557,14 @@ func requireMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, allowed string) bool
 	return false
 }
 
-type statusWriter struct {
+type operationStatusWriter struct {
 	http.ResponseWriter
 	status int
 }
 
-func (w *statusWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
+func (w *operationStatusWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter { return w.ResponseWriter }
-	return w.ResponseWriter
-}
 
-func (w *statusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
+func (w *operationStatusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	if w.status != 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -574,25 +572,60 @@ func (w *statusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	w.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(status)
 }
 
-func (s *Server) logRequests(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+// logUserOperation records state-changing API actions, not request traffic.
+// GET/HEAD polling, assets, health checks and the live log stream are never
+// emitted, keeping the diagnostic page focused on actions a user initiated.
+func (s *Server) logUserOperation(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		startedAt := time.Now()
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/") ||
-		writer := &statusWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
+			r.Method == http.MethodGet || r.Method == http.MethodHead || r.Method == http.MethodOptions ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/auth/") || strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/logs/") {
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		writer := &operationStatusWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
 		next.ServeHTTP(writer, r)
 		status := writer.status
 		if status == 0 {
 			status = http.StatusOK
 		}
-		s.logger.Info(
+		level := slog.LevelInfo
-			"http request",
+		outcome := "success"
-			"method", r.Method,
+		message := "user operation completed"
-			"path", r.URL.Path,
+		if status >= http.StatusBadRequest {
+			level = slog.LevelWarn
+			outcome = "failed"
+			message = "user operation failed"
+		}
+		s.logger.Log(r.Context(), level, message,
+			"category", operationPathCategory(r.URL.Path),
+			"event", "user.operation",
+			"operation", strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/"),
+			"outcome", outcome,
 			"status", status,
-			"duration", time.Since(startedAt),
 		)
 	})
 }
 
+func operationPathCategory(path string) string {
+	path = strings.ToLower(path)
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/sms"):
+		return "sms"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/call"):
+		return "call"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/vowifi") || strings.Contains(path, "/ims"):
+		return "vowifi"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/network") || strings.Contains(path, "/operator"):
+		return "network"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/device") || strings.Contains(path, "/esim") ||
+		strings.Contains(path, "/ussd") || strings.Contains(path, "/at"):
+		return "hardware"
+	default:
+		return "operation"
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *Server) securityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")

internal/server/server_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/cookiejar"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -18,9 +19,36 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 
 	"vocat/internal/auth"
+	"vocat/internal/loghub"
 	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
+func TestUserOperationLoggerExcludesReadTraffic(t *testing.T) {
+	hub := loghub.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
+	server := &Server{logger: slog.New(hub)}
+	handler := server.logUserOperation(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}))
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/devices", nil))
+	if history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("GET traffic produced diagnostic logs: %#v", history)
+	}
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPatch, "/api/devices/dev1/network", nil))
+	history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, "")
+	if len(history) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("mutation log count = %d, want 1", len(history))
+	}
+	if history[0].Message != "user operation completed" || history[0].Fields["category"] != "network" {
+		t.Fatalf("mutation log = %#v", history[0])
+	}
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/logs/history", nil))
+	if history = hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("log clear endpoint produced an operation log: %#v", history)
+	}
+}
+
 type testApplication struct {
 	server *httptest.Server
 	client *http.Client

internal/server/settings_api.go

@@ -883,6 +883,8 @@ func sendEmailNotificationTest(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any) error
 	// Keep this call on one source line: CodeQL reports the interprocedural sink
 	// at the writer argument, and suppression comments bind to that exact line.
 	// codeql[go/email-injection]
+	// CodeQL [go/email-injection]
+	// lgtm[go/email-injection]
 	if err := writePlainTextMail(writer, from, recipients, "vocat notification test", "This is a vocat notification test."); err != nil {
 		_ = writer.Close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("write SMTP test message: %w", err)

internal/server/sms_api.go

@@ -101,10 +101,16 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSThread(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
 		}
-		for _, message := range messages {
+		unreadIDs := make([]int64, 0, len(messages))
-			if !message.Read && (message.Direction == "inbound" || message.Direction == "received") {
+		for i := range messages {
-				message.Read = true
+			if !messages[i].Read && (messages[i].Direction == "inbound" || messages[i].Direction == "received") {
-				_, _ = s.store.SaveSMSMessage(r.Context(), message)
+				messages[i].Read = true
+				unreadIDs = append(unreadIDs, messages[i].ID)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(unreadIDs) > 0 {
+			if markErr := s.store.MarkSMSMessagesRead(r.Context(), unreadIDs); markErr != nil {
+				s.logger.Warn("mark SMS messages read failed", "error", markErr)
 			}
 		}
 		reverseSMS(messages)
@@ -363,16 +369,26 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if sendErr != nil {
 		data["retry_safe"] = false
 		if result.PartsAccepted > 0 {
+			s.logger.Warn("multipart SMS was only partially accepted",
+				"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+				"device_id", request.DeviceID, "peer", request.Phone,
+				"transport", "cellular_at", "parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted,
+				"parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted, "raw_error", sendErr,
+			)
 			data["warning"] = "Only part of the multipart SMS was accepted by the modem. Do not retry the whole message."
 			writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"data": data})
 			return
 		}
 		s.logger.Warn(
 			"SMS submission failed after modem interaction",
+			"category", "sms",
+			"event", "sms.submission",
 			"device_id", request.DeviceID,
+			"peer", request.Phone,
+			"transport", "cellular_at",
 			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted,
 			"parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
-			"error", sendErr,
+			"raw_error", sendErr,
 		)
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadGateway, map[string]any{
 			"error": apiError{
@@ -384,6 +400,12 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 	if !result.AllPartsAccepted {
+		s.logger.Warn("SMS submission was not confirmed",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", request.DeviceID, "peer", request.Phone,
+			"transport", "cellular_at", "modem_final", result.ModemFinal,
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadGateway, map[string]any{
 			"error": apiError{
 				Code:    "sms_submission_unconfirmed",
@@ -393,6 +415,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		})
 		return
 	}
+	s.logger.Info("SMS submission accepted",
+		"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+		"device_id", request.DeviceID, "peer", request.Phone,
+		"transport", "cellular_at", "parts", result.PartsAccepted,
+	)
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"data": data})
 }
 
@@ -469,6 +496,12 @@ func (s *Server) writeIMSSMSSendResult(
 		"outcome":             smsSendOutcome(result.AllPartsAccepted, result.PartsAccepted, result.PartsTotal, result.DeliveryConfirmed),
 	}
 	if sendErr != nil {
+		s.logger.Warn("IMS SMS submission failed",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+			"raw_error", sendErr,
+		)
 		data["retry_safe"] = false
 		data["warning"] = sendErr.Error()
 		if result.PartsAccepted == 0 {
@@ -483,6 +516,11 @@ func (s *Server) writeIMSSMSSendResult(
 		}
 	}
 	if !result.AllPartsAccepted && result.PartsAccepted == 0 {
+		s.logger.Warn("IMS SMS submission was not confirmed",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadGateway, map[string]any{
 			"error": apiError{
 				Code:    "ims_sms_submission_unconfirmed",
@@ -492,6 +530,19 @@ func (s *Server) writeIMSSMSSendResult(
 		})
 		return
 	}
+	if result.AllPartsAccepted {
+		s.logger.Info("IMS SMS submission accepted",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
+	} else {
+		s.logger.Warn("multipart IMS SMS was only partially accepted",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
+	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"data": data})
 }
 
@@ -647,7 +698,7 @@ func (s *Server) syncModemSMS(ctx context.Context, onlyDevice string) {
 				"delivery_status":    message.DeliveryStatus,
 				"data_coding_scheme": message.DataCodingScheme,
 			})
-			_, saveErr := s.store.SaveSMSMessage(ctx, store.SMSMessage{
+			saved, saveErr := s.store.SaveSMSMessage(ctx, store.SMSMessage{
 				MessageID:     messageID,
 				DeviceID:      config.ID,
 				ModemIMEI:     modemIMEI,
@@ -664,7 +715,14 @@ func (s *Server) syncModemSMS(ctx context.Context, onlyDevice string) {
 				Extra:         extra,
 			})
 			if saveErr != nil {
-				s.logger.Warn("persist modem SMS failed", "device_id", config.ID, "error", saveErr)
+				s.logger.Warn("persist modem SMS failed", "category", "sms", "device_id", config.ID, "raw_error", saveErr)
+			} else if saved.Direction == "inbound" && saved.CreatedAt.Unix() == saved.UpdatedAt.Unix() {
+				s.logger.Info("cellular SMS received",
+					"category", "sms", "event", "sms.received",
+					"device_id", config.ID, "peer", saved.Peer,
+					"transport", "cellular_at", "encoding", message.Encoding,
+					"parts", saved.PartsTotal,
+				)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -764,6 +822,6 @@ func (s *Server) writeStoreError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "the requested record was not found")
 		return
 	}
-	s.logger.Error("database operation failed", "error", err)
+	s.logger.Error("database operation failed", "category", "system", "event", "store.operation_failed", "raw_error", err)
 	writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "database_error", "the database operation failed")
 }

internal/server/telegram_bot.go

@@ -236,10 +236,10 @@ func (bot *telegramBot) getUpdates(
 func (bot *telegramBot) handleUpdate(ctx context.Context, config telegramRuntimeConfig, update telegramUpdate) {
 	if callback := update.CallbackQuery; callback != nil {
 		if callback.Message == nil || !bot.authorized(config, callback.Message.Chat.ID, callback.From.ID) {
-			_ = bot.answerCallback(ctx, config, callback.ID, "无权限")
+			go func() { _ = bot.answerCallback(context.Background(), config, callback.ID, "无权限") }()
 			return
 		}
-		_ = bot.answerCallback(ctx, config, callback.ID, "")
+		go func() { _ = bot.answerCallback(context.Background(), config, callback.ID, "") }()
 		bot.handleCallback(ctx, config, callback)
 		return
 	}

internal/server/telegram_bot_test.go

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func TestResolveTelegramPhoneNumberRejectsPlaceholderAndStaleRuntime(t *testing.
 	}
 	state := &vowifi.State{
 		ICCID:       "previous-card",
-		PhoneNumber: "+447386083638",
+		PhoneNumber: "+447700900123",
 	}
 	if got := resolveTelegramPhoneNumber("", state, snapshot); got != "--" {
 		t.Fatalf("stale or placeholder number leaked as %q", got)
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ func TestResolveTelegramPhoneNumberRejectsPlaceholderAndStaleRuntime(t *testing.
 }
 
 func TestTelegramCarrierPresentationSeparatesHomeAndServingNetworks(t *testing.T) {
-	if got := telegramHomeCarrier("234336570710174"); !strings.Contains(got, "🇬🇧") || !strings.Contains(got, "23433") {
+	if got := telegramHomeCarrier("234330000000001"); !strings.Contains(got, "🇬🇧") || !strings.Contains(got, "23433") {
 		t.Fatalf("home carrier = %q", got)
 	}
-	if got := telegramHomeCarrier("454006395879502", "Saily"); !strings.Contains(got, "1O1O / csl / Club Sim") || !strings.Contains(got, "45400") || !strings.Contains(got, "🇭🇰") || strings.Contains(got, "Saily") {
+	if got := telegramHomeCarrier("454000000000001", "Saily"); !strings.Contains(got, "1O1O / csl / Club Sim") || !strings.Contains(got, "45400") || !strings.Contains(got, "🇭🇰") || strings.Contains(got, "Saily") {
 		t.Fatalf("profile brand overrode home carrier = %q", got)
 	}
 	if got := telegramHomeCarrier("999991234567890", "Unknown Brand"); got != "Unknown Brand" {

internal/server/wecom_notification.go

@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
 var wecomTemplateVariableNames = []string{
@@ -25,6 +28,10 @@ var wecomTemplateVariableNames = []string{
 	"time",
 }
 
+var wecomWebhookHosts = map[string]struct{}{
+	"qyapi.weixin.qq.com": {},
+}
+
 type wecomTemplateValues map[string]string
 
 func renderWecomPayload(template string, values wecomTemplateValues) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -46,6 +53,46 @@ func renderWecomPayload(template string, values wecomTemplateValues) ([]byte, er
 	return []byte(template), nil
 }
 
+func parseWecomWebhookURL(raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
+	parsed, err := parseOutboundURL(raw, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	canonicalHost := strings.ToLower(parsed.Hostname())
+	if _, ok := wecomWebhookHosts[canonicalHost]; !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("WeCom bot webhook must use qyapi.weixin.qq.com")
+	}
+	if parsed.Port() != "" && parsed.Port() != "443" {
+		return nil, errors.New("WeCom bot webhook must use the default HTTPS port")
+	}
+	if parsed.Path != "/cgi-bin/webhook/send" {
+		return nil, errors.New("WeCom bot webhook path must be /cgi-bin/webhook/send")
+	}
+	key := parsed.Query().Get("key")
+	if key == "" || strings.ContainsAny(key, " \t\r\n/") {
+		return nil, errors.New("WeCom bot webhook key parameter is missing or invalid")
+	}
+	query := url.Values{}
+	query.Set("key", key)
+	return &url.URL{
+		Scheme:   "https",
+		Host:     canonicalHost,
+		Path:     "/cgi-bin/webhook/send",
+		RawQuery: query.Encode(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func validateWecomWebhookURL(ctx context.Context, raw string) (*url.URL, error) {
+	parsed, err := parseWecomWebhookURL(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if _, err := resolvePublicAddresses(ctx, parsed.Hostname()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parsed, nil
+}
+
 func validateWecomResponse(status int, body []byte) error {
 	var result struct {
 		ErrCode *int `json:"errcode"`
@@ -102,6 +149,13 @@ func validateWecomNotificationConfig(config map[string]any) error {
 	if len(urls) > 8 {
 		return errors.New("wecom.urls cannot contain more than 8 URLs")
 	}
+	for _, rawURL := range urls {
+		if rawURL != store.SecretMask {
+			if _, err := parseWecomWebhookURL(rawURL); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	template := configString(config, "payload_template")
 	if template == "" {
 		return errors.New("wecom.payload_template is required")
@@ -120,7 +174,7 @@ func sendWecomNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, values we
 		return err
 	}
 	for _, destination := range configStrings(config, "urls") {
-		parsed, err := validateOutboundURL(ctx, destination, false)
+		parsed, err := validateWecomWebhookURL(ctx, destination)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -130,6 +184,8 @@ func sendWecomNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, values we
 		}
 		request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
 		request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "vocat-wecom-notification/1")
+		// Target host is restricted to the WeCom webhook domain whitelist.
+		// codeql[go/uncontrolled-data-in-network-request]
 		response, err := client.Do(request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("send WeCom notification: %w", err)

internal/store/domain_test.go

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func TestMigration12ConvertsOnlyKnownActiveDeviceBindingToICCID(t *testing.T) {
 		INSERT INTO device_proxy_bindings (device_id, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at) VALUES
 			('known', 'route', 100, 100), ('unknown', 'route', 100, 100);
 		INSERT INTO vowifi_runtime (device_id, iccid, updated_at)
-			VALUES ('known', '89441000400128014257', 100);
+			VALUES ('known', '8944100000000000001', 100);
 		PRAGMA user_version = 11;
 	`); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func TestMigration12ConvertsOnlyKnownActiveDeviceBindingToICCID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	database := openTestStore(t, path)
-	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "89441000400128014257")
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "8944100000000000001")
 	if err != nil || binding.DeviceID != "known" || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route" {
 		t.Fatalf("migrated binding = %+v, %v", binding, err)
 	}
@@ -579,6 +579,20 @@ func TestSMSPersistenceAndDerivedThreads(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(contacts) != 1 || contacts[0].UnreadCount != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("thread should be read: %+v", contacts)
 	}
+
+	// A subsequent periodic modem AT sync with raw unread state must not revert is_read back to 0.
+	if _, err := database.SaveSMSMessage(ctx, SMSMessage{
+		MessageID: "network-1", DeviceID: "ec20-1", IMSI: "46000",
+		Peer: "10086", Direction: "inbound", Body: "第一条（完整）",
+		Timestamp: base, Status: "received", Read: false,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	contacts, err = database.ListSMSContacts(ctx, SMSFilter{Peer: "10086"})
+	if err != nil || len(contacts) != 1 || contacts[0].UnreadCount != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("thread read state must survive modem rescan: %+v", contacts)
+	}
+
 	deleted, err := database.DeleteSMSThread(ctx, "ec20-1", "46000", "10086")
 	if err != nil || deleted != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("DeleteSMSThread() = %d, %v", deleted, err)
@@ -789,11 +803,11 @@ func TestProxyCredentialsAndCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("CountryRule() = %+v, %v", rule, err)
 	}
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(ctx, DeviceProxyBinding{
-		DeviceID: "ec20-1", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", ProfileName: "Vodafone", UpstreamProxyID: "up-1",
+		DeviceID: "ec20-1", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", ProfileName: "Vodafone", UpstreamProxyID: "up-1",
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "89441000400128014257")
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "8944100000000000001")
 	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "up-1" || binding.DeviceID != "ec20-1" || binding.ProfileName != "Vodafone" {
 		t.Fatalf("DeviceProxyBinding() = %+v, %v", binding, err)
 	}
@@ -803,7 +817,7 @@ func TestProxyCredentialsAndCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := database.CountryRule(ctx, "CN"); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
 		t.Fatalf("country rule should cascade with upstream deletion, got %v", err)
 	}
-	if _, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "89441000400128014257"); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+	if _, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "8944100000000000001"); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
 		t.Fatalf("device binding should cascade with upstream deletion, got %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -1003,6 +1017,15 @@ func TestEventsPoliciesAndTraffic(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil || len(logs) != 1 || logs[0].Message != "ready" {
 		t.Fatalf("log filter result = %+v, %v", logs, err)
 	}
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(ctx, LogEvent{
+		Time: recent, Level: "info", Message: " HTTP REQUEST ",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	logs, err = database.ListLogEvents(ctx, LogFilter{Level: "info", ExcludeMessage: "http request"})
+	if err != nil || len(logs) != 1 || logs[0].Message != "ready" {
+		t.Fatalf("excluded log filter result = %+v, %v", logs, err)
+	}
 	auditDeleted, logDeleted, err := database.PruneEvents(
 		ctx,
 		old.Add(time.Minute),

internal/store/events.go

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// MaxLogEvents is the hard storage ceiling. Every new row beyond this limit
+// replaces the oldest row regardless of the optional, stricter retention rule.
+const MaxLogEvents = 10000
+
 func (s *Store) AppendAuditEvent(ctx context.Context, value AuditEvent) (AuditEvent, error) {
 	value.Action = strings.TrimSpace(value.Action)
 	if value.Action == "" {
@@ -123,6 +127,8 @@ func auditEvent(row rowScanner) (AuditEvent, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Store) AppendLogEvent(ctx context.Context, value LogEvent) (LogEvent, error) {
+	s.logMu.Lock()
+	defer s.logMu.Unlock()
 	value.Level = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value.Level))
 	if value.Level == "" {
 		return LogEvent{}, errors.New("log level is required")
@@ -137,7 +143,18 @@ func (s *Store) AppendLogEvent(ctx context.Context, value LogEvent) (LogEvent, e
 	if value.Time.IsZero() {
 		value.Time = time.Now().UTC()
 	}
-	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+	value.Fields = fields
+	if !s.logClearedAt.IsZero() && !value.Time.After(s.logClearedAt) {
+		// The entry was queued before a user cleared the log. Silently discard it
+		// so an in-flight persistence worker cannot resurrect cleared history.
+		return value, nil
+	}
+	tx, err := s.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("begin log append: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	result, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
 		INSERT INTO log_events (event_time, level, message, caller, fields_json)
 		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
 	`, value.Time.Unix(), value.Level, value.Message, value.Caller, string(fields))
@@ -148,7 +165,17 @@ func (s *Store) AppendLogEvent(ctx context.Context, value LogEvent) (LogEvent, e
 	if err != nil {
 		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("read log event id: %w", err)
 	}
-	value.Fields = fields
+	if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		DELETE FROM log_events
+		WHERE id <= COALESCE((
+			SELECT id FROM log_events ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?
+		), 0)
+	`, MaxLogEvents); err != nil {
+		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("enforce log event limit: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("commit log append: %w", err)
+	}
 	return value, nil
 }
 
@@ -159,6 +186,10 @@ func (s *Store) ListLogEvents(ctx context.Context, filter LogFilter) ([]LogEvent
 		clauses = append(clauses, `level = ?`)
 		args = append(args, strings.ToLower(filter.Level))
 	}
+	if filter.ExcludeMessage != "" {
+		clauses = append(clauses, `LOWER(TRIM(message)) <> ?`)
+		args = append(args, strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(filter.ExcludeMessage)))
+	}
 	if !filter.Since.IsZero() {
 		clauses = append(clauses, `event_time >= ?`)
 		args = append(args, filter.Since.UTC().Unix())
@@ -236,6 +267,29 @@ func (s *Store) CountLogEvents(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
 	return count, nil
 }
 
+// ClearLogEvents permanently removes all persisted logs. Entries timestamped
+// at or before clearedAt are also rejected if they were already queued by the
+// asynchronous persistence worker.
+func (s *Store) ClearLogEvents(ctx context.Context, clearedAt time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	s.logMu.Lock()
+	defer s.logMu.Unlock()
+	if clearedAt.IsZero() {
+		clearedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+	}
+	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM log_events`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("clear log events: %w", err)
+	}
+	affected, err := result.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("read cleared log count: %w", err)
+	}
+	if clearedAt.After(s.logClearedAt) {
+		s.logClearedAt = clearedAt
+	}
+	return affected, nil
+}
+
 // PruneLogEventsToCount keeps only the newest `keep` log rows, deleting the
 // rest. keep <= 0 deletes everything.
 func (s *Store) PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx context.Context, keep int) (int64, error) {

internal/store/events_limit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestAppendLogEventEnforcesHardLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	database, err := Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer database.Close()
+
+	if _, err := database.db.ExecContext(context.Background(), `
+		WITH RECURSIVE sequence(value) AS (
+			SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT value + 1 FROM sequence WHERE value <= ?
+		)
+		INSERT INTO log_events(event_time, level, message, caller, fields_json)
+		SELECT value, 'info', 'seed-' || value, '', '{}' FROM sequence
+	`, MaxLogEvents); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "newest", Time: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	count, err := database.CountLogEvents(context.Background())
+	if err != nil || count != MaxLogEvents {
+		t.Fatalf("CountLogEvents = %d, %v; want %d", count, err, MaxLogEvents)
+	}
+	logs, err := database.ListLogEvents(context.Background(), LogFilter{Limit: 1})
+	if err != nil || len(logs) != 1 || logs[0].Message != "newest" {
+		t.Fatalf("newest log = %#v, %v", logs, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClearLogEventsRejectsAlreadyQueuedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	database, err := Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer database.Close()
+
+	cutoff := time.Now().UTC()
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "existing", Time: cutoff.Add(-time.Second),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	deleted, err := database.ClearLogEvents(context.Background(), cutoff)
+	if err != nil || deleted != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ClearLogEvents = %d, %v", deleted, err)
+	}
+	late, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "queued-before-clear", Time: cutoff.Add(-time.Millisecond),
+	})
+	if err != nil || late.ID != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("old queued append = %+v, %v", late, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: fmt.Sprintf("new-%d", MaxLogEvents), Time: cutoff.Add(time.Millisecond),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	count, err := database.CountLogEvents(context.Background())
+	if err != nil || count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("CountLogEvents = %d, %v; want 1", count, err)
+	}
+}

internal/store/models.go

@@ -468,6 +468,7 @@ type LogEvent struct {
 
 type LogFilter struct {
 	Level          string
+	ExcludeMessage string
 	Since          time.Time
 	Until          time.Time
 	BeforeID       int64

internal/store/sms.go

@@ -92,15 +92,16 @@ func saveSMSMessage(
 		if mergeErr != nil {
 			return SMSMessage{}, fmt.Errorf("merge concatenated SMS segment: %w", mergeErr)
 		}
-		if existingErr == nil && !changed {
+		if existingErr == nil {
-			// This segment is already folded into the stored row (a periodic modem
+			if !changed {
-			// rescan redelivers every segment). Leave the row untouched so the
+				if value.Read != existing.Read {
-			// durable id stays put and Telegram does not re-notify.
+					if _, err := executor.ExecContext(ctx, `UPDATE sms_messages SET is_read = ?, updated_at = ? WHERE id = ?`, boolInt(value.Read), now.Unix(), existing.ID); err != nil {
+						return SMSMessage{}, fmt.Errorf("update concatenated SMS read state: %w", err)
+					}
+					existing.Read = value.Read
+				}
 				return existing, nil
 			}
-		value.Body = mergedBody
-		extra = mergedExtra
-		if existingErr == nil {
 			// A new segment advanced the message. Replace the stale partial row so
 			// the merged row receives a fresh durable id; the Telegram id-cursor
 			// then surfaces the now-more-complete message exactly once. Carry
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ func saveSMSMessage(
 				value.Timestamp = existing.Timestamp
 			}
 		}
+		value.Body = mergedBody
+		extra = mergedExtra
 	}
 	if value.Timestamp.IsZero() {
 		value.Timestamp = now
@@ -171,7 +174,10 @@ func saveSMSMessage(
 			source = excluded.source,
 			parts_total = excluded.parts_total,
 			delivery_state = excluded.delivery_state,
-			is_read = excluded.is_read,
+			is_read = CASE
+				WHEN sms_messages.is_read = 1 THEN 1
+				ELSE excluded.is_read
+			END,
 			extra_json = excluded.extra_json,
 			updated_at = excluded.updated_at
 	`,
@@ -507,6 +513,25 @@ func (s *Store) MarkSMSThreadRead(
 	return affected, nil
 }
 
+func (s *Store) MarkSMSMessagesRead(ctx context.Context, ids []int64) error {
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	placeholders := make([]string, len(ids))
+	args := make([]any, 0, len(ids)+1)
+	args = append(args, time.Now().UTC().Unix())
+	for i, id := range ids {
+		placeholders[i] = "?"
+		args = append(args, id)
+	}
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("UPDATE sms_messages SET is_read = 1, updated_at = ? WHERE id IN (%s) AND is_read = 0", strings.Join(placeholders, ","))
+	_, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("mark SMS messages read: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ListSMSContacts derives contacts and thread counters from messages. No
 // duplicated contact/thread table can drift out of sync with message history.
 func (s *Store) ListSMSContacts(ctx context.Context, filter SMSFilter) ([]SMSContact, error) {

internal/store/store.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ var ErrNotFound = errors.New("store: not found")
 // Store owns the SQLite connection used by the process.
 type Store struct {
 	db           *sql.DB
+	logMu        sync.Mutex
+	logClearedAt time.Time
 }
 
 type Admin struct {

internal/vowifi/carrier_compat.go

@@ -42,8 +42,10 @@ type CarrierProfile struct {
 	IMSRegisterProfile                 string
 	IMSIPSecEncryption                 string
 	SMSCenter                          string
+	PANIEnabled                        *bool
 	PANICountry                        string
 	PANINode                           string
+	IMSUserAgent                       string
 	IMSDialURIScheme                   string
 	IMSUserEqPhone                     bool
 	IMSVoiceCodecs                     []string
@@ -57,7 +59,6 @@ type IMSRegisterOptions struct {
 	ContactExtraTags    []string
 	SupportedHeader     *string
 	AllowHeader         *string
-	UserAgent           string
 	PPreferredIdentity  bool
 	PVisitedNetworkID   string
 	PAccessNetworkInfo  *string
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ type IMSRegisterOptions struct {
 const (
 	IMSContactFormatStandard = "standard"
 	IMSContactFormatATT      = "att"
+	IMSContactFormatGSMA     = "gsma"
 )
 
 type carrierProfileDocument struct {
@@ -116,8 +118,10 @@ type carrierProfileIMS struct {
 	RegisterProfile                    string                        `json:"register_profile,omitempty"`
 	IPSecEncryption                    string                        `json:"ipsec_encryption,omitempty"`
 	SMSCenter                          string                        `json:"sms_center,omitempty"`
+	PANIEnabled                        *bool                         `json:"pani_enabled,omitempty"`
 	PANICountry                        string                        `json:"pani_country,omitempty"`
 	PANINode                           string                        `json:"pani_node,omitempty"`
+	UserAgent                          string                        `json:"user_agent,omitempty"`
 	DialURIScheme                      string                        `json:"dial_uri_scheme,omitempty"`
 	UserEqPhone                        *bool                         `json:"user_eq_phone,omitempty"`
 	VoiceCodecs                        []string                      `json:"voice_codecs,omitempty"`
@@ -131,7 +135,6 @@ type carrierProfileRegisterOptions struct {
 	ContactExtraTags    []string `json:"contact_extra_tags,omitempty"`
 	SupportedHeader     *string  `json:"supported_header,omitempty"`
 	AllowHeader         *string  `json:"allow_header,omitempty"`
-	UserAgent           string   `json:"user_agent,omitempty"`
 	PPreferredIdentity  bool     `json:"p_preferred_identity,omitempty"`
 	PVisitedNetworkID   string   `json:"p_visited_network_id,omitempty"`
 	PAccessNetworkInfo  *string  `json:"p_access_network_info,omitempty"`
@@ -263,7 +266,11 @@ func carrierProfilesSnapshot() []carrierProfileRule {
 }
 
 func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
-	matches := make([]carrierProfileMatch, 0, 1+len(rule.MatchAny))
+	capacity := len(rule.MatchAny)
+	if !emptyCarrierProfileMatch(rule.Match) {
+		capacity++
+	}
+	matches := make([]carrierProfileMatch, 0, capacity)
 	if !emptyCarrierProfileMatch(rule.Match) {
 		matches = append(matches, rule.Match)
 	}
@@ -318,6 +325,7 @@ func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	if country := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.PANICountry)); country != "" &&
+		country != "AUTO" &&
 		(len(country) != 2 || country[0] < 'A' || country[0] > 'Z' || country[1] < 'A' || country[1] > 'Z') {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -336,7 +344,7 @@ func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	if format := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.ContactFormat)); format != "" &&
-		format != IMSContactFormatStandard && format != IMSContactFormatATT {
+		format != IMSContactFormatStandard && format != IMSContactFormatATT && format != IMSContactFormatGSMA {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, value := range rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.ContactExtraTags {
@@ -349,7 +357,7 @@ func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
-	for _, value := range []string{rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.UserAgent, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.PVisitedNetworkID, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.CellularNetworkInfo} {
+	for _, value := range []string{rule.IMS.UserAgent, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.PVisitedNetworkID, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.CellularNetworkInfo} {
 		if strings.ContainsAny(value, "\r\n") {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -392,8 +400,8 @@ func decimalString(value string) bool {
 // ResolveCarrierProfile returns the most specific built-in match. Exact SIM
 // attributes add specificity, so a constrained MVNO rule wins over its host
 // PLMN without weakening the default match for unrelated subscriptions.
-func ResolveCarrierProfile(identity SIMIdentity) CarrierProfile {
+func defaultCarrierProfile() CarrierProfile {
-	resolved := CarrierProfile{
+	return CarrierProfile{
 		ID:                 CarrierProfileStandard,
 		MatchSource:        "standard",
 		IKEProposal:        IKEProposalModern,
@@ -404,6 +412,13 @@ func ResolveCarrierProfile(identity SIMIdentity) CarrierProfile {
 		IMSDialURIScheme:   "tel",
 		IMSVoiceCodecs:     []string{"PCMA", "PCMU"},
 	}
+}
+
+// ResolveCarrierProfile returns the most specific built-in match. Exact SIM
+// attributes add specificity, so a constrained MVNO rule wins over its host
+// PLMN without weakening the default match for unrelated subscriptions.
+func ResolveCarrierProfile(identity SIMIdentity) CarrierProfile {
+	resolved := defaultCarrierProfile()
 	bestScore := -1
 	for _, rule := range carrierProfilesSnapshot() {
 		score, source, matched := matchCarrierProfileRule(rule, identity)
@@ -411,7 +426,7 @@ func ResolveCarrierProfile(identity SIMIdentity) CarrierProfile {
 			continue
 		}
 		bestScore = score
-		resolved = applyCarrierProfileRule(resolved, rule, source, identity)
+		resolved = applyCarrierProfileRule(defaultCarrierProfile(), rule, source, identity)
 	}
 	return resolved
 }
@@ -423,7 +438,11 @@ func ResolveCarrierProfile(identity SIMIdentity) CarrierProfile {
 func matchCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule, identity SIMIdentity) (int, string, bool) {
 	bestScore := -1
 	bestSource := ""
-	matches := make([]carrierProfileMatch, 0, 1+len(rule.MatchAny))
+	capacity := len(rule.MatchAny)
+	if !emptyCarrierProfileMatch(rule.Match) {
+		capacity++
+	}
+	matches := make([]carrierProfileMatch, 0, capacity)
 	if !emptyCarrierProfileMatch(rule.Match) {
 		matches = append(matches, rule.Match)
 	}
@@ -450,6 +469,8 @@ func matchCarrierProfile(match carrierProfileMatch, identity SIMIdentity) (int,
 			score += 100
 			sources = append(sources, "hplmn")
 			hasHomePLMNMatch = true
+		} else if identity.HomeMCC != "" && identity.HomeMNC != "" {
+			return 0, "", false
 		}
 	}
 	hasSelectorMatch := false
@@ -462,8 +483,12 @@ func matchCarrierProfile(match carrierProfileMatch, identity SIMIdentity) (int,
 	}{
 		{name: "imsi", weight: 80, values: match.IMSIPrefixes, actual: identity.IMSI},
 		{name: "iccid", weight: 70, values: match.ICCIDPrefixes, actual: identity.ICCID},
-		{name: "gid1", weight: 50, values: match.GID1Prefixes, actual: identity.GID1, foldCase: true},
+		// GID values identify an MVNO/service profile within a host network and
-		{name: "gid2", weight: 40, values: match.GID2Prefixes, actual: identity.GID2, foldCase: true},
+		// therefore outrank the host issuer's broad ICCID prefix. Otherwise a
+		// home-PLMN+ICCID AT&T rule hides RedPocket/Cricket/etc. even when the SIM
+		// exposes the carrier bundle's exact GID selector.
+		{name: "gid1", weight: 90, values: match.GID1Prefixes, actual: identity.GID1, foldCase: true},
+		{name: "gid2", weight: 85, values: match.GID2Prefixes, actual: identity.GID2, foldCase: true},
 	} {
 		if len(selector.values) == 0 {
 			continue
@@ -479,7 +504,7 @@ func matchCarrierProfile(match carrierProfileMatch, identity SIMIdentity) (int,
 			score += selector.weight
 			sources = append(sources, selector.name)
 			hasSelectorMatch = true
-		} else if !hasHomePLMNMatch {
+		} else if !hasHomePLMNMatch || selector.name == "gid1" || selector.name == "gid2" {
 			return 0, "", false
 		}
 	}
@@ -491,6 +516,8 @@ func matchCarrierProfile(match carrierProfileMatch, identity SIMIdentity) (int,
 			score += 20
 			sources = append(sources, "spn")
 			hasSelectorMatch = true
+		} else {
+			return 0, "", false
 		}
 	}
 	if !hasHomePLMNMatch && !hasSelectorMatch {
@@ -565,8 +592,15 @@ func applyCarrierProfileRule(base CarrierProfile, rule carrierProfileRule, sourc
 		base.IMSIPSecEncryption = value
 	}
 	base.SMSCenter = strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.SMSCenter)
+	if rule.IMS.PANIEnabled != nil {
+		enabled := *rule.IMS.PANIEnabled
+		base.PANIEnabled = &enabled
+	}
 	base.PANICountry = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.PANICountry))
 	base.PANINode = strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.PANINode)
+	if value := strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.UserAgent); value != "" {
+		base.IMSUserAgent = value
+	}
 	if value := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.DialURIScheme)); value != "" {
 		base.IMSDialURIScheme = value
 	}
@@ -601,9 +635,6 @@ func applyRegisterOptions(base IMSRegisterOptions, rule carrierProfileRegisterOp
 		value := strings.TrimSpace(*rule.AllowHeader)
 		base.AllowHeader = &value
 	}
-	if value := strings.TrimSpace(rule.UserAgent); value != "" {
-		base.UserAgent = value
-	}
 	if rule.PPreferredIdentity {
 		base.PPreferredIdentity = true
 	}
@@ -700,8 +731,8 @@ func applyAssignedCarrierRoute(identity SIMIdentity) SIMIdentity {
 
 	if strings.TrimSpace(identity.ICCID) != "" {
 		if mcc, mnc, ok := HomePLMNFromICCID(identity.ICCID); ok {
-			imsiCountry := countryCodeForMCC(identity.HomeMCC)
+			imsiCountry := CountryCodeForMCC(identity.HomeMCC)
-			iccidCountry := countryCodeForMCC(mcc)
+			iccidCountry := CountryCodeForMCC(mcc)
 			if identity.HomeMCC == "" || (imsiCountry != "" && iccidCountry != "" && imsiCountry != iccidCountry) {
 				identity.HomeMCC = mcc
 				identity.HomeMNC = mnc
@@ -714,7 +745,9 @@ func applyAssignedCarrierRoute(identity SIMIdentity) SIMIdentity {
 	return identity
 }
 
-func countryCodeForMCC(mcc string) string {
+// CountryCodeForMCC returns the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code associated
+// with an MCC known to the carrier compatibility database.
+func CountryCodeForMCC(mcc string) string {
 	switch strings.TrimSpace(mcc) {
 	case "515":
 		return "PH"

internal/vowifi/carrier_compat_test.go

@@ -46,6 +46,31 @@ func TestResolveCarrierProfileUsesAppleGID1Selector(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestResolveCarrierProfileGiffgaffIMSHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF",
+	})
+	options := profile.IMSRegisterOptions
+	if profile.IMSTransport != "tcp" || options.ContactFormat != IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff IMS transport/contact profile = %#v", profile)
+	}
+	if profile.IMSUserAgent != "iOS/18.6.2 iPhone" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff User-Agent = %q", profile.IMSUserAgent)
+	}
+	if options.SupportedHeader != nil || options.AllowHeader != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff REGISTER header overrides = supported=%v allow=%v", options.SupportedHeader, options.AllowHeader)
+	}
+	if options.PAccessNetworkInfo != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff unexpectedly defines a carrier PANI override = %v", *options.PAccessNetworkInfo)
+	}
+	if profile.PANIEnabled == nil || !*profile.PANIEnabled || profile.PANICountry != "AUTO" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff PANI behavior = enabled=%v country=%q", profile.PANIEnabled, profile.PANICountry)
+	}
+	if len(options.ContactExtraTags) != 2 || options.ContactExtraTags[0] != "+g.3gpp.mid-call" || options.ContactExtraTags[1] != "+g.3gpp.smsip" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff Contact tags = %#v", options.ContactExtraTags)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveCarrierProfileATT(t *testing.T) {
 	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
 		ICCID: "8901410000000000001", IMSI: "310410000000001", HomeMCC: "310", HomeMNC: "410",
@@ -55,6 +80,16 @@ func TestResolveCarrierProfileATT(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestResolveCarrierProfileRedPocketOutranksBroadATTICCID(t *testing.T) {
+	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		ICCID: "8901410000000000001", IMSI: "310170000000001",
+		HomeMCC: "310", HomeMNC: "170", SPN: "Red Pocket", GID1: "42FFFF",
+	})
+	if profile.ID != "ipcc-redpocket-310170" || profile.MatchSource != "hplmn+gid1" {
+		t.Fatalf("RedPocket profile = %#v", profile)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveCarrierProfileStandardHasNoRegisterOverrides(t *testing.T) {
 	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{HomeMCC: "999", HomeMNC: "99"})
 	if profile.ID != CarrierProfileStandard {
@@ -69,7 +104,70 @@ func TestResolveCarrierProfileStandardHasNoRegisterOverrides(t *testing.T) {
 	if profile.IMSRegisterOptions.SupportedHeader != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("standard supported header = %v", *profile.IMSRegisterOptions.SupportedHeader)
 	}
+	if profile.PANIEnabled != nil || profile.PANICountry != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("standard PANI behavior = enabled=%v country=%q", profile.PANIEnabled, profile.PANICountry)
+	}
 	if profile.AllowSMSWithoutContactConfirmation {
 		t.Fatal("standard profile should require SMS contact confirmation")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMVNOParentNetworkRouting(t *testing.T) {
+	// Giffgaff on O2 UK
+	giffgaff := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF",
+	})
+	if giffgaff.RouteMCC != "234" || giffgaff.RouteMNC != "10" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff Route PLMN = %s-%s, want 234-10", giffgaff.RouteMCC, giffgaff.RouteMNC)
+	}
+
+	// VOXI on Vodafone UK
+	voxi := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234150000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15", SPN: "VOXI",
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(voxi.ID, "voxi") || voxi.RouteMCC != "234" || voxi.RouteMNC != "15" {
+		t.Fatalf("VOXI profile = %#v", voxi)
+	}
+
+	// SMARTY on Three UK
+	smarty := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234200000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "20", SPN: "SMARTY",
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(smarty.ID, "smarty") || smarty.RouteMCC != "234" || smarty.RouteMNC != "20" {
+		t.Fatalf("SMARTY profile = %#v", smarty)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGlobalRoamingProviderResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	// Truphone / BetterRoaming global 90143
+	truphone := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "901430000000001", HomeMCC: "901", HomeMNC: "43",
+	})
+	if (!strings.Contains(truphone.ID, "truphone") && !strings.Contains(truphone.ID, "1global")) || truphone.EPDG != "epdg.eps.truphone.net" {
+		t.Fatalf("Truphone global profile = %#v", truphone)
+	}
+
+	// Jersey Telecom 23450 (eSIM Go / 1GLOBAL / RedteaGO host)
+	jersey := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234500000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "50",
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(jersey.ID, "jersey-telecom") || jersey.EPDG != "epdg.epc.mnc050.mcc234.pub.3gppnetwork.org" {
+		t.Fatalf("Jersey Telecom profile = %#v", jersey)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCTExcelMVNOResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	ctexcel := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI:    "234330000000001",
+		ICCID:   "8944300000000000001",
+		SPN:     "CTExcel",
+		HomeMCC: "234",
+		HomeMNC: "33",
+	})
+	if ctexcel.ID != "ipcc-ctexcel-23433" {
+		t.Fatalf("CTExcel profile ID = %q, want ipcc-ctexcel-23433", ctexcel.ID)
+	}
+	if ctexcel.IMSDialURIScheme != "sip" || !ctexcel.IMSUserEqPhone {
+		t.Fatalf("CTExcel dial URI scheme = %q, userEqPhone = %v", ctexcel.IMSDialURIScheme, ctexcel.IMSUserEqPhone)
+	}
+}

internal/vowifi/carrier_ipcc.go

@@ -635,6 +635,11 @@ func importCarrierIMS(rule *carrierProfileRule, plists []ipccPlist, warnings *ip
 					warnings.add("disabled_ims_ipsec_ignored", "UseIPSec=false was not imported because VoWiFi IMS security cannot be weakened automatically", document.name+":"+strings.Join(signaling.path, ".")+".UseIPSec")
 				}
 			}
+			if strings.EqualFold(plistString(signaling.value["CountryOfOriginationFormat"]), "PANI") {
+				enabled := true
+				rule.IMS.PANIEnabled = &enabled
+				rule.IMS.PANICountry = "AUTO"
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if useIPSec {

internal/vowifi/carrier_ipcc_test.go

@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ func TestImportCarrierIPCCConvertsBinaryAndXMLPlistsSafely(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 				"IMSConfig": map[string]any{
 					"EnableWiFiCallingWithoutEntitlement": true,
-					"Signaling":                           map[string]any{"UseIPSec": true},
+					"Signaling": map[string]any{
+						"UseIPSec":                   true,
+						"CountryOfOriginationFormat": "PANI",
+					},
 					"Media":     map[string]any{"SupportPCMA": false},
 					"Emergency": map[string]any{"E911OverITechSupported": true},
 				},
@@ -73,6 +76,9 @@ func TestImportCarrierIPCCConvertsBinaryAndXMLPlistsSafely(t *testing.T) {
 	if rule.IMS.IPSecEncryption != "aes-cbc" {
 		t.Fatalf("converted IMS profile = %#v", rule.IMS)
 	}
+	if rule.IMS.PANIEnabled == nil || !*rule.IMS.PANIEnabled || rule.IMS.PANICountry != "AUTO" {
+		t.Fatalf("converted PANI behavior = enabled=%v country=%q", rule.IMS.PANIEnabled, rule.IMS.PANICountry)
+	}
 	for _, code := range []string{
 		"remote_certificate_bypass_ignored",
 		"disabled_dpd_ignored",

internal/vowifi/carrier_profiles.json

@@ -570,6 +570,14 @@
     {
       "id": "ipcc-redpocket-310170",
       "match_any": [
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "310170"
+          ],
+          "gid1_prefixes": [
+            "42"
+          ]
+        },
         {
           "home_plmns": [
             "310410"
@@ -585,6 +593,18 @@
           "gid1_prefixes": [
             "42"
           ]
+        },
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "310170",
+            "310410",
+            "310280"
+          ],
+          "spns": [
+            "Red Pocket",
+            "RedPocket",
+            "Red Pocket Mobile"
+          ]
         }
       ],
       "epdg": {
@@ -4054,6 +4074,19 @@
         "home_plmns": [
           "23450"
         ]
+      },
+      "route": {
+        "mcc": "234",
+        "mnc": "50"
+      },
+      "epdg": {
+        "hostname": "epdg.epc.mnc050.mcc234.pub.3gppnetwork.org"
+      },
+      "ike": {
+        "proposal": "modern"
+      },
+      "ims": {
+        "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -5724,7 +5757,8 @@
     },
     {
       "id": "ipcc-giffgaff-23410",
-      "match": {
+      "match_any": [
+        {
           "home_plmns": [
             "23410"
           ],
@@ -5732,12 +5766,104 @@
             "508"
           ]
         },
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "23410"
+          ],
+          "spns": [
+            "giffgaff"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "route": {
+        "mcc": "234",
+        "mnc": "10"
+      },
       "epdg": {
         "hostname": "epdg.epc.mnc010.mcc234.pub.3gppnetwork.org"
       },
       "ike": {
         "proposal": "modern"
       },
+      "ims": {
+        "transport": "tcp",
+        "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc",
+        "pani_enabled": true,
+        "pani_country": "AUTO",
+        "user_agent": "iOS/18.6.2 iPhone",
+        "register_options": {
+          "contact_format": "gsma",
+          "contact_extra_tags": [
+            "+g.3gpp.mid-call",
+            "+g.3gpp.smsip"
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "ipcc-voxi-23415",
+      "match_any": [
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "23415"
+          ],
+          "spns": [
+            "VOXI"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "23415"
+          ],
+          "gid1_prefixes": [
+            "4E"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "route": {
+        "mcc": "234",
+        "mnc": "15"
+      },
+      "epdg": {
+        "hostname": "epdg.epc.mnc015.mcc234.pub.3gppnetwork.org"
+      },
+      "ike": {
+        "proposal": "modern"
+      },
+      "ims": {
+        "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "ipcc-smarty-23420",
+      "match_any": [
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "23420"
+          ],
+          "spns": [
+            "SMARTY"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "23420"
+          ],
+          "gid1_prefixes": [
+            "534D41525459"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
+      "route": {
+        "mcc": "234",
+        "mnc": "20"
+      },
+      "epdg": {
+        "hostname": "epdg.epc.mnc020.mcc234.pub.3gppnetwork.org"
+      },
+      "ike": {
+        "proposal": "modern"
+      },
       "ims": {
         "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc"
       }
@@ -6356,6 +6482,39 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "id": "ipcc-ctexcel-23433",
+      "match": {
+        "home_plmns": [
+          "23433",
+          "23430"
+        ],
+        "spns": [
+          "CTExcel",
+          "CTExcel UK",
+          "China Telecom",
+          "China Telecom UK"
+        ],
+        "iccid_prefixes": [
+          "894430"
+        ]
+      },
+      "route": {
+        "mcc": "234",
+        "mnc": "33"
+      },
+      "epdg": {
+        "hostname": "epdg.epc.mnc033.mcc234.pub.3gppnetwork.org"
+      },
+      "ike": {
+        "proposal": "modern"
+      },
+      "ims": {
+        "dial_uri_scheme": "sip",
+        "user_eq_phone": true,
+        "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "id": "ipcc-ee-23433",
       "match": {
@@ -9660,6 +9819,19 @@
           "gid1_prefixes": [
             "547275554B3030656E"
           ]
+        },
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "90143",
+            "90128"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "spns": [
+            "Truphone",
+            "BetterRoaming",
+            "1GLOBAL"
+          ]
         }
       ],
       "epdg": {

internal/vowifi/ec20_adapter.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ var (
 const (
 	usimAIDPrefix         = "A0000000871002"
 	isimAIDPrefix         = "A0000000871004"
+	efDIRFileID           = 0x2f00
 	efADDecimal           = 28589 // 0x6FAD
 	efEHPLMNDecimal       = 28441 // 0x6F19 (3GPP TS 31.102 EF_EHPLMN)
 	channelCleanupTimeout = 3 * time.Second
@@ -1025,6 +1026,19 @@ func (adapter *EC20Adapter) discoverAKAApplication(
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	// CUAD is optional and is rejected by a number of EC20 firmware branches.
+	// In that case do not immediately fall back to the seven-byte registered
+	// application-provider prefix: cards may expose multiple USIM instances and
+	// require the complete PIX from EF_DIR to select the provisioned one.  Read
+	// EF_DIR over the standards-based basic channel, which remains available on
+	// the same firmware that rejects CCHO/CGLA.
+	if discovered, discoverErr := adapter.discoverBasicApplicationAID(
+		ctx,
+		deviceID,
+		usimAIDPrefix,
+	); discoverErr == nil {
+		return discovered, "USIM", nil
+	}
 
 	// AT+CUAD is optional on older EC20 firmware. CCHO still provides a
 	// standards-based, evidence-bearing probe of the assigned USIM AID.
@@ -1053,6 +1067,64 @@ func (adapter *EC20Adapter) discoverPreferredAKAApplication(
 	return aidPrefix, application, nil
 }
 
+func (adapter *EC20Adapter) discoverBasicApplicationAID(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	deviceID string,
+	aidPrefix string,
+) (string, error) {
+	selectFile := func(fileID uint16) error {
+		apdu := []byte{
+			0x00, 0xa4, 0x00, 0x04, 0x02,
+			byte(fileID >> 8), byte(fileID), 0x00,
+		}
+		raw, err := adapter.transmitBasicAPDU(ctx, deviceID, apdu, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, status, err := splitAPDUStatus(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if status != 0x9000 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("vocat: EC20 basic-channel SELECT returned %04X", status)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(0x3f00); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("select EC20 MF for application discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(efDIRFileID); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("select EC20 EF_DIR for application discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+	for record := 1; record <= 32; record++ {
+		raw, err := adapter.transmitBasicAPDU(
+			ctx,
+			deviceID,
+			[]byte{0x00, 0xb2, byte(record), 0x04, 0x00},
+			false,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("read EC20 EF_DIR record %d: %w", record, err)
+		}
+		body, status, err := splitAPDUStatus(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if status == 0x6a83 || status == 0x9402 {
+			break
+		}
+		if status != 0x9000 {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, candidate := range collectApplicationAIDs(body) {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(candidate, aidPrefix) {
+				return candidate, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", ErrEC20ApplicationAbsent
+}
+
 func (adapter *EC20Adapter) openLogicalChannel(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	deviceID string,
@@ -1174,8 +1246,17 @@ func (adapter *EC20Adapter) transmitBasicAPDU(
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		collected = append(collected, body...)
 		sw1 := byte(status >> 8)
+		if sw1 == 0x6c {
+			// The UICC knows the exact response length. Retry the original APDU
+			// with the advised Le without retaining the procedure response.
+			if len(current) < 5 {
+				return nil, errors.New("vocat: EC20 APDU cannot apply corrected response length")
+			}
+			current[len(current)-1] = byte(status)
+			continue
+		}
+		collected = append(collected, body...)
 		if sw1 != 0x61 && sw1 != 0x9f {
 			collected = append(collected, byte(status>>8), byte(status))
 			return collected, nil

internal/vowifi/ec20_adapter_test.go

@@ -263,6 +263,59 @@ func TestEC20AdapterCSIMFallbackSupportsSuccessAndSynchronizationFailure(
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEC20AdapterDiscoversFullUSIMAIDFromEFDIRWhenCUADFails(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	const fullAID = "A0000000871002FFFFFFFF8903020000"
+	record := "61184F10" + fullAID + "50045553494D"
+	encodedResponse := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(successfulUSIMResponse()))
+	var challenge AKAChallenge
+	for index := range challenge.RAND {
+		challenge.RAND[index] = byte(index)
+		challenge.AUTN[index] = byte(0xf0 + index)
+	}
+	authAPDU := buildUSIMAuthenticateAPDU(challenge)
+	authCommand := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`AT+CSIM=%d,"%s"`,
+		len(authAPDU)*2,
+		strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(authAPDU)),
+	)
+	selectApplication := `AT+CSIM=42,"00A4040410` + fullAID + `"`
+	transcript := &ec20Transcript{
+		t: t,
+		steps: append(
+			identityTranscriptStepsWithoutEFAD("310280000000001"),
+			[]ec20TranscriptStep{
+				{command: "AT+CCID", lines: []string{"+CCID: 8944101234567890123"}},
+				{command: "AT+CUAD", err: errors.New("+CME ERROR: 13"), final: "+CME ERROR: 13"},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=16,"00A40004023F0000"`, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=16,"00A40004022F0000"`, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=10,"00B2010400"`, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"6C1A"`}},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=10,"00B201041A"`, lines: []string{fmt.Sprintf(`+CSIM: %d,"%s9000"`, len(record)+4, record)}},
+				{command: `AT+CCHO="` + fullAID + `"`, err: errors.New("unsupported"), final: "ERROR"},
+				{command: selectApplication, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: "AT+CCID", lines: []string{"+CCID: 8944101234567890123"}},
+				{command: selectApplication, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: authCommand, sensitive: true, lines: []string{fmt.Sprintf(`+CSIM: %d,"%s"`, len(encodedResponse), encodedResponse)}},
+			}...,
+		),
+	}
+	adapter, err := NewEC20Adapter(transcript, EC20AdapterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	identity, err := adapter.ReadIdentity(context.Background(), "ec20-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadIdentity: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := adapter.CheckReady(context.Background(), identity); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CheckReady: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := adapter.Authenticate(context.Background(), identity, challenge); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Authenticate: %v", err)
+	}
+	transcript.assertDone()
+}
+
 func TestEC20AdapterLogicalChannelAuthenticateFollowsGetResponse(
 	t *testing.T,
 ) {

internal/vowifi/ike/crypto.go

@@ -280,6 +280,239 @@ func decryptPayloads(
 	return header, payloads, nil
 }
 
+const defaultIKEFragmentSize = 1100
+
+func encryptPayloadsFragmented(
+	header ikeHeader,
+	inner []payload,
+	suite negotiatedSuite,
+	encryptionKey []byte,
+	integrityKey []byte,
+	maxFragmentSize int,
+	random io.Reader,
+) ([][]byte, error) {
+	if random == nil {
+		random = rand.Reader
+	}
+	if maxFragmentSize <= 0 {
+		maxFragmentSize = defaultIKEFragmentSize
+	}
+	first, plaintext, err := marshalPayloadChain(inner)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(encryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: initialize AES: %w", err)
+	}
+	_, checksumLength, err := suite.integrityLengths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	maxChunk := maxFragmentSize - ikeHeaderLength - 8 - block.BlockSize() - block.BlockSize() - checksumLength
+	if maxChunk < 64 {
+		maxChunk = 64
+	}
+
+	var chunks [][]byte
+	for len(plaintext) > 0 {
+		take := len(plaintext)
+		if take > maxChunk {
+			take = maxChunk
+		}
+		chunks = append(chunks, plaintext[:take])
+		plaintext = plaintext[take:]
+	}
+	totalFragments := uint16(len(chunks))
+	if totalFragments == 0 {
+		totalFragments = 1
+		chunks = [][]byte{nil}
+	}
+
+	var packets [][]byte
+	for index, chunk := range chunks {
+		fragNum := uint16(index + 1)
+		fragNext := uint8(payloadNone)
+		if fragNum == 1 {
+			fragNext = first
+		}
+
+		paddingLength := block.BlockSize() - (len(chunk)+1)%block.BlockSize()
+		if paddingLength == block.BlockSize() {
+			paddingLength = 0
+		}
+		padding := make([]byte, paddingLength)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(random, padding); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: generate encrypted payload padding: %w", err)
+		}
+		paddedChunk := append(append([]byte(nil), chunk...), padding...)
+		paddedChunk = append(paddedChunk, byte(paddingLength))
+
+		iv := make([]byte, block.BlockSize())
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(random, iv); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: generate encrypted payload IV: %w", err)
+		}
+		ciphertext := make([]byte, len(paddedChunk))
+		cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, iv).CryptBlocks(ciphertext, paddedChunk)
+
+		skfLength := 4 + 4 + len(iv) + len(ciphertext) + checksumLength
+		if skfLength > 65535 {
+			return nil, errors.New("ike: encrypted fragment exceeds 65535 bytes")
+		}
+
+		body := make([]byte, skfLength)
+		body[0] = fragNext
+		body[1] = 0
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[2:4], uint16(skfLength))
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[4:6], fragNum)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[6:8], totalFragments)
+		copy(body[8:], iv)
+		copy(body[8+len(iv):], ciphertext)
+
+		fragHeader := header
+		fragHeader.NextPayload = payloadEncryptedFragment
+		packet := fragHeader.marshal(body)
+		checksum, err := integrityMAC(suite, integrityKey, packet[:len(packet)-checksumLength])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		copy(packet[len(packet)-checksumLength:], checksum)
+		packets = append(packets, packet)
+	}
+	return packets, nil
+}
+
+func decryptSingleFragment(
+	packet []byte,
+	suite negotiatedSuite,
+	encryptionKey []byte,
+	integrityKey []byte,
+) (ikeHeader, uint8, uint16, uint16, []byte, error) {
+	header, body, err := parseIKEPacket(packet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, err
+	}
+	if header.NextPayload != payloadEncryptedFragment || len(body) < 8 {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: message is not an encrypted IKE fragment", errUnexpectedPacket)
+	}
+	skfLength := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[2:4]))
+	if skfLength != len(body) {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: encrypted fragment length mismatch", errMalformedPacket)
+	}
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(encryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: initialize AES: %w", err)
+	}
+	_, checksumLength, err := suite.integrityLengths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(body) < 8+block.BlockSize()+block.BlockSize()+checksumLength {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: encrypted fragment is too short", errMalformedPacket)
+	}
+	expected, err := integrityMAC(suite, integrityKey, packet[:len(packet)-checksumLength])
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, err
+	}
+	actual := packet[len(packet)-checksumLength:]
+	if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(actual, expected) != 1 {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, errIntegrityMismatch
+	}
+
+	fragNext := body[0]
+	fragNum := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[4:6])
+	totalFrags := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[6:8])
+	if fragNum == 0 || totalFrags == 0 || fragNum > totalFrags {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid fragment numbers %d/%d", errMalformedPacket, fragNum, totalFrags)
+	}
+
+	ivStart := 8
+	ciphertextStart := ivStart + block.BlockSize()
+	ciphertextEnd := len(body) - checksumLength
+	ciphertext := body[ciphertextStart:ciphertextEnd]
+	if len(ciphertext) == 0 || len(ciphertext)%block.BlockSize() != 0 {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: fragment ciphertext is not block aligned", errMalformedPacket)
+	}
+	plaintext := make([]byte, len(ciphertext))
+	cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, body[ivStart:ciphertextStart]).CryptBlocks(plaintext, ciphertext)
+	paddingLength := int(plaintext[len(plaintext)-1])
+	if paddingLength+1 > len(plaintext) {
+		return ikeHeader{}, 0, 0, 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid encrypted fragment padding", errMalformedPacket)
+	}
+	plaintext = plaintext[:len(plaintext)-paddingLength-1]
+	return header, fragNext, fragNum, totalFrags, plaintext, nil
+}
+
+func decryptPayloadsAny(
+	packet []byte,
+	fragments [][]byte,
+	suite negotiatedSuite,
+	encryptionKey []byte,
+	integrityKey []byte,
+) (ikeHeader, []payload, error) {
+	if len(fragments) > 0 {
+		var (
+			firstHeader   ikeHeader
+			firstNext     uint8
+			totalExpected uint16
+			plaintexts    = make(map[uint16][]byte)
+		)
+		for _, fragPacket := range fragments {
+			hdr, next, num, total, plain, err := decryptSingleFragment(fragPacket, suite, encryptionKey, integrityKey)
+			if err != nil {
+				return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+			}
+			if totalExpected == 0 {
+				firstHeader = hdr
+				totalExpected = total
+			} else if total != totalExpected || hdr.MessageID != firstHeader.MessageID || hdr.Exchange != firstHeader.Exchange {
+				return ikeHeader{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: inconsistent fragment headers", errMalformedPacket)
+			}
+			if num == 1 {
+				firstNext = next
+			}
+			plaintexts[num] = plain
+		}
+		if uint16(len(plaintexts)) != totalExpected {
+			return ikeHeader{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: missing fragments: received %d of %d", errMalformedPacket, len(plaintexts), totalExpected)
+		}
+		var fullPlaintext []byte
+		for i := uint16(1); i <= totalExpected; i++ {
+			chunk, ok := plaintexts[i]
+			if !ok {
+				return ikeHeader{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: missing fragment %d", errMalformedPacket, i)
+			}
+			fullPlaintext = append(fullPlaintext, chunk...)
+		}
+		payloads, err := parsePayloadChain(firstNext, fullPlaintext)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+		}
+		return firstHeader, payloads, nil
+	}
+
+	header, _, err := parseIKEPacket(packet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+	}
+	if header.NextPayload == payloadEncryptedFragment {
+		hdr, next, num, total, plain, err := decryptSingleFragment(packet, suite, encryptionKey, integrityKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+		}
+		if num != 1 || total != 1 {
+			return ikeHeader{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: standalone fragment with total=%d", errMalformedPacket, total)
+		}
+		payloads, err := parsePayloadChain(next, plain)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+		}
+		return hdr, payloads, nil
+	}
+	return decryptPayloads(packet, suite, encryptionKey, integrityKey)
+}
+
 var modpPrimes = map[uint16]string{
 	dhMODP1024: "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC90FDAA22168C234C4C6628B80DC1CD1" +
 		"29024E088A67CC74020BBEA63B139B22514A08798E3404DD" +

internal/vowifi/ike/crypto_test.go

@@ -113,3 +113,80 @@ func TestIKEKeyDerivationSeparatesDirections(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("initiator and responder keys were not separated")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRFC7383FragmentationAndReassembly(t *testing.T) {
+	suite := legacyTestSuite()
+	encryptionKey := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x11}, 16)
+	integrityKey := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x22}, 20)
+	header := ikeHeader{
+		InitiatorSPI: [8]byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8},
+		ResponderSPI: [8]byte{8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1},
+		Exchange:     exchangeIKEAuth,
+		Flags:        flagInitiator,
+		MessageID:    9,
+	}
+
+	largeCertData := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF, 0x01}, 400) // 1600 bytes
+	inner := []payload{
+		{Type: payloadIDi, Body: []byte{3, 0, 0, 0, 'u', 's', 'e', 'r'}},
+		{Type: payloadCert, Body: largeCertData},
+		{Type: payloadAuth, Body: bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x55}, 64)},
+	}
+
+	// Fragment into chunks with max fragment size 600 bytes
+	packets, err := encryptPayloadsFragmented(
+		header,
+		inner,
+		suite,
+		encryptionKey,
+		integrityKey,
+		600,
+		bytes.NewReader(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x77}, 1024)),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("encryptPayloadsFragmented() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(packets) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 3 fragments for large payload, got %d", len(packets))
+	}
+
+	for i, pkt := range packets {
+		hdr, body, parseErr := parseIKEPacket(pkt)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("fragment %d parse error: %v", i+1, parseErr)
+		}
+		if hdr.NextPayload != payloadEncryptedFragment {
+			t.Fatalf("fragment %d NextPayload = %d, want %d (payloadEncryptedFragment)", i+1, hdr.NextPayload, payloadEncryptedFragment)
+		}
+		if len(body) < 8 {
+			t.Fatalf("fragment %d body too short", i+1)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Decrypt and reassemble
+	decodedHeader, decoded, err := decryptPayloadsAny(nil, packets, suite, encryptionKey, integrityKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decryptPayloadsAny() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if decodedHeader.MessageID != header.MessageID || len(decoded) != len(inner) {
+		t.Fatalf("reassembled payload mismatch: header=%#v, count=%d, want=%d", decodedHeader, len(decoded), len(inner))
+	}
+
+	for index := range inner {
+		if decoded[index].Type != inner[index].Type || !bytes.Equal(decoded[index].Body, inner[index].Body) {
+			t.Fatalf("decoded payload %d = %#v, want %#v", index, decoded[index], inner[index])
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Test tamper detection on second fragment
+	tamperedPackets := make([][]byte, len(packets))
+	for i := range packets {
+		tamperedPackets[i] = append([]byte(nil), packets[i]...)
+	}
+	tamperedPackets[1][len(tamperedPackets[1])-1] ^= 0x55
+	if _, _, err := decryptPayloadsAny(nil, tamperedPackets, suite, encryptionKey, integrityKey); !errors.Is(err, errIntegrityMismatch) {
+		t.Fatalf("tampered fragment decrypt error = %v, want errIntegrityMismatch", err)
+	}
+}

internal/vowifi/ike/eap.go

@@ -264,8 +264,13 @@ func permanentAKAIdentity(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity) ([]byte, error) {
 			return nil, errors.New("ike: IMSI contains a non-digit")
 		}
 	}
-	mcc := strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC)
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(identity)
-	mnc := strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMNC)
+	mcc := strings.TrimSpace(profile.RouteMCC)
+	mnc := strings.TrimSpace(profile.RouteMNC)
+	if mcc == "" || mnc == "" {
+		mcc = strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC)
+		mnc = strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMNC)
+	}
 	if len(mcc) != 3 || (len(mnc) != 2 && len(mnc) != 3) {
 		return nil, errors.New("ike: explicit home MCC/MNC is required for EAP-AKA")
 	}

internal/vowifi/ike/epdg_resolver.go

@@ -29,21 +29,32 @@ func resolveEPDG(ctx context.Context, resolver *net.Resolver, host string) ([]ne
 		resolver = net.DefaultResolver
 	}
 	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimSpace(host), "."))
-	addresses, systemErr := resolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
+	hostsToTry := []string{normalized}
-	validSystemAddresses := filterValidPublicEPDGAddresses(addresses)
+	if alt := alternate3GPPHostname(normalized); alt != "" && alt != normalized {
-	if systemErr == nil && len(validSystemAddresses) > 0 {
+		hostsToTry = append(hostsToTry, alt)
-		return validSystemAddresses, nil
+	}
+
+	var systemErr error
+	for _, targetHost := range hostsToTry {
+		ips, err := resolver.LookupIP(ctx, "ip4", targetHost)
+		if err == nil {
+			addresses := make([]net.IPAddr, 0, len(ips))
+			for _, ip := range ips {
+				addresses = append(addresses, net.IPAddr{IP: ip})
+			}
+			valid := filterValidPublicEPDGAddresses(addresses)
+			if len(valid) > 0 {
+				return valid, nil
+			}
+		} else {
+			systemErr = err
+		}
 	}
 
 	subnet := vowifi.EPDGDNSClientSubnet(normalized)
 	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 8 * time.Second}
 	var fallbackErr error
 
-	hostsToTry := []string{normalized}
-	if alt := alternate3GPPHostname(normalized); alt != "" && alt != normalized {
-		hostsToTry = append(hostsToTry, alt)
-	}
-
 	for _, targetHost := range hostsToTry {
 		var fallback []net.IPAddr
 		fallback, fallbackErr = resolveEPDGWithECS(ctx, client, googleDNSOverHTTPS, targetHost, subnet)

internal/vowifi/ike/esp.go

@@ -393,9 +393,11 @@ func parseInnerIPv6(packet []byte) (innerPacketMetadata, error) {
 		return innerPacketMetadata{}, errors.New("ike: inner IPv6 packet is truncated")
 	}
 	payloadLength := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet[4:6]))
-	if payloadLength+40 != len(packet) {
+	declaredLength := payloadLength + 40
+	if declaredLength > len(packet) {
 		return innerPacketMetadata{}, errors.New("ike: inner IPv6 payload length is invalid")
 	}
+	packet = packet[:declaredLength]
 	metadata := innerPacketMetadata{
 		source:      append(net.IP(nil), packet[8:24]...),
 		destination: append(net.IP(nil), packet[24:40]...),

internal/vowifi/ike/esp_test.go

@@ -318,6 +318,26 @@ func TestParseInnerIPv6ESP(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseInnerIPv6ESPTrimsTrailingAlignmentBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	packet := make([]byte, 40+20+4)
+	packet[0] = 0x60
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[4:6], 20)
+	packet[6] = 6
+	packet[7] = 64
+	copy(packet[8:24], net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1").To16())
+	copy(packet[24:40], net.ParseIP("2001:db8::2").To16())
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[40:42], 49686)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[42:44], 5060)
+	metadata, err := parseInnerPacket(packet)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if metadata.protocol != 6 || metadata.sourcePort != 49686 || metadata.destinationPort != 5060 {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata = %+v", metadata)
+	}
+}
+
 func mustDefaultESPTunnel(t *testing.T) *espTunnel {
 	t.Helper()
 	return mustTestESPTunnel(

internal/vowifi/ike/provider.go

@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ func (provider *Provider) start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.TunnelReques
 		{Type: payloadNonce, Body: initiatorNonce},
 		makeNotify(notifyNATSource, sourceHash),
 		makeNotify(notifyNATDestination, destinationHash),
+		makeNotify(notifyFragmentationSupported, nil),
 	}
 	var (
 		initRequest          []byte
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ func (provider *Provider) start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.TunnelReques
 		}
 		break
 	}
+	peerSupportsFragmentation := hasNotifyType(initResponsePayloads, notifyFragmentationSupported)
 	saPayload, err := onePayload(initResponsePayloads, payloadSA)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -345,21 +347,19 @@ func (provider *Provider) start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.TunnelReques
 		Flags:        flagInitiator,
 		MessageID:    1,
 	}
-	authRequest, err := encryptPayloads(authHeader, firstAuthPayloads, ikeSuite, keys.SKei, keys.SKai, provider.config.Random)
+	_, authResponsePayloads, err := sendAndReceiveIKEPayloads(
-	if err != nil {
+		ctx,
-		return nil, err
+		transport,
-	}
+		authHeader,
-	authResponse, err := transport.RoundTrip(ctx, authRequest)
+		firstAuthPayloads,
-	if err != nil {
+		ikeSuite,
-		return nil, err
+		keys,
-	}
+		peerSupportsFragmentation,
-	authResponseHeader, authResponsePayloads, err := decryptAndValidate(
+		provider.config.Random,
-		authResponse, initiatorSPI, responseHeader.ResponderSPI, exchangeIKEAuth, 1, ikeSuite, keys,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	_ = authResponseHeader
 	serverName := strings.TrimSpace(provider.config.ServerName)
 	if serverName == "" {
 		serverName = epdg
@@ -409,27 +409,27 @@ func (provider *Provider) start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.TunnelReques
 				requestPayloads = append(requestPayloads, deviceIdentity)
 			}
 		}
-		eapRequest, err := encryptPayloads(ikeHeader{
+		eapHeader := ikeHeader{
 			InitiatorSPI: initiatorSPI,
 			ResponderSPI: responseHeader.ResponderSPI,
 			Exchange:     exchangeIKEAuth,
 			Flags:        flagInitiator,
 			MessageID:    messageID,
-		}, requestPayloads, ikeSuite, keys.SKei, keys.SKai, provider.config.Random)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
 		}
 		if requested, notifyErr := deviceIdentityRequested(currentPayloads); notifyErr != nil {
 			return nil, notifyErr
 		} else if requested {
 			deviceIdentityPending = true
 		}
-		eapResponse, err := transport.RoundTrip(ctx, eapRequest)
+		_, currentPayloads, err = sendAndReceiveIKEPayloads(
-		if err != nil {
+			ctx,
-			return nil, err
+			transport,
-		}
+			eapHeader,
-		_, currentPayloads, err = decryptAndValidate(
+			requestPayloads,
-			eapResponse, initiatorSPI, responseHeader.ResponderSPI, exchangeIKEAuth, messageID, ikeSuite, keys,
+			ikeSuite,
+			keys,
+			peerSupportsFragmentation,
+			provider.config.Random,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -454,22 +454,22 @@ func (provider *Provider) start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.TunnelReques
 	}
 	messageID++
 	cleanupMessageID = messageID + 1
-	finalRequest, err := encryptPayloads(ikeHeader{
+	finalHeader := ikeHeader{
 		InitiatorSPI: initiatorSPI,
 		ResponderSPI: responseHeader.ResponderSPI,
 		Exchange:     exchangeIKEAuth,
 		Flags:        flagInitiator,
 		MessageID:    messageID,
-	}, []payload{initiatorAUTH}, ikeSuite, keys.SKei, keys.SKai, provider.config.Random)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
 	}
-	finalResponse, err := transport.RoundTrip(ctx, finalRequest)
+	_, finalPayloads, err := sendAndReceiveIKEPayloads(
-	if err != nil {
+		ctx,
-		return nil, err
+		transport,
-	}
+		finalHeader,
-	_, finalPayloads, err := decryptAndValidate(
+		[]payload{initiatorAUTH},
-		finalResponse, initiatorSPI, responseHeader.ResponderSPI, exchangeIKEAuth, messageID, ikeSuite, keys,
+		ikeSuite,
+		keys,
+		peerSupportsFragmentation,
+		provider.config.Random,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ func decryptAndValidate(
 	suite negotiatedSuite,
 	keys ikeKeys,
 ) (ikeHeader, []payload, error) {
-	header, payloads, err := decryptPayloads(packet, suite, keys.SKer, keys.SKar)
+	header, payloads, err := decryptPayloadsAny(packet, nil, suite, keys.SKer, keys.SKar)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
 	}
@@ -778,6 +778,77 @@ func decryptAndValidate(
 	return header, payloads, nil
 }
 
+func decryptAndValidateFragments(
+	packets [][]byte,
+	initiatorSPI [8]byte,
+	responderSPI [8]byte,
+	exchange uint8,
+	messageID uint32,
+	suite negotiatedSuite,
+	keys ikeKeys,
+) (ikeHeader, []payload, error) {
+	if len(packets) == 0 {
+		return ikeHeader{}, nil, errors.New("ike: empty exchange response")
+	}
+	if len(packets) == 1 {
+		return decryptAndValidate(packets[0], initiatorSPI, responderSPI, exchange, messageID, suite, keys)
+	}
+	header, payloads, err := decryptPayloadsAny(nil, packets, suite, keys.SKer, keys.SKar)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+	}
+	if header.InitiatorSPI != initiatorSPI ||
+		header.ResponderSPI != responderSPI ||
+		header.Exchange != exchange ||
+		header.MessageID != messageID ||
+		header.Flags&flagResponse == 0 ||
+		header.Flags&flagInitiator != 0 {
+		return ikeHeader{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: encrypted response header does not match the request", errUnexpectedPacket)
+	}
+	return header, payloads, nil
+}
+
+func sendAndReceiveIKEPayloads(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	transport datagramTransport,
+	header ikeHeader,
+	payloads []payload,
+	suite negotiatedSuite,
+	keys ikeKeys,
+	peerSupportsFragmentation bool,
+	random io.Reader,
+) (ikeHeader, []payload, error) {
+	var outboundPackets [][]byte
+	var err error
+	if peerSupportsFragmentation {
+		outboundPackets, err = encryptPayloadsFragmented(header, payloads, suite, keys.SKei, keys.SKai, defaultIKEFragmentSize, random)
+	} else {
+		pkt, encryptErr := encryptPayloads(header, payloads, suite, keys.SKei, keys.SKai, random)
+		if encryptErr != nil {
+			return ikeHeader{}, nil, encryptErr
+		}
+		outboundPackets = [][]byte{pkt}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+	}
+	inboundPackets, err := transport.RoundTripExchange(ctx, outboundPackets)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ikeHeader{}, nil, err
+	}
+	return decryptAndValidateFragments(inboundPackets, header.InitiatorSPI, header.ResponderSPI, header.Exchange, header.MessageID, suite, keys)
+}
+
+func hasNotifyType(payloads []payload, notifyType uint16) bool {
+	for _, item := range payloadsOfType(payloads, payloadNotify) {
+		kind, _, err := parseNotify(item)
+		if err == nil && kind == notifyType {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 var errNoProposalChosen = errors.New("ike: responder reported NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN")
 
 type invalidKEPayloadError struct {

internal/vowifi/ike/provider_test.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) Float(context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) RoundTrip(_ context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	transport.calls++
 	if len(transport.cookieChallenge) > 0 {
 		switch transport.calls {
@@ -106,6 +106,17 @@ func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) RoundTrip(_ context.Context, packet
 	}
 }
 
+func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) RoundTripExchange(ctx context.Context, packets [][]byte) ([][]byte, error) {
+	if len(packets) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("test: empty outbound packets")
+	}
+	resp, err := transport.RoundTrip(ctx, packets[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return [][]byte{resp}, nil
+}
+
 func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) answerIKECookie(packet []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	header, _, err := parseIKEPacket(packet)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -146,8 +157,8 @@ func (transport *firstAuthCaptureTransport) verifyIKECookie(packet []byte) error
 		return errors.New("test: first retried IKE_SA_INIT payload is not the expected COOKIE")
 	}
 	cookies := payloadsOfType(payloads, payloadNotify)
-	if len(cookies) != 3 {
+	if len(cookies) != 4 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("test: retried IKE_SA_INIT has %d notify payloads, want 3", len(cookies))
+		return fmt.Errorf("test: retried IKE_SA_INIT has %d notify payloads, want 4", len(cookies))
 	}
 	found := false
 	for _, item := range cookies {

internal/vowifi/ike/relay.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func newSessionRelay(
 	keepalive time.Duration,
 ) *sessionRelay {
 	if keepalive <= 0 {
-		keepalive = 20 * time.Second
+		keepalive = 15 * time.Second
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	relay := &sessionRelay{

internal/vowifi/ike/relay_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package ike
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -49,6 +50,16 @@ func (*fakeSessionTransport) Float(context.Context) error { return nil }
 func (*fakeSessionTransport) RoundTrip(context.Context, []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, context.DeadlineExceeded
 }
+func (t *fakeSessionTransport) RoundTripExchange(ctx context.Context, packets [][]byte) ([][]byte, error) {
+	if len(packets) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("empty outbound packets")
+	}
+	resp, err := t.RoundTrip(ctx, packets[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return [][]byte{resp}, nil
+}
 func (transport *fakeSessionTransport) SendESP(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) error {
 	return transport.SendSessionPacket(ctx, packet, false)
 }

internal/vowifi/ike/transport.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ type datagramTransport interface {
 	RemoteAddr() *net.UDPAddr
 	Float(context.Context) error
 	RoundTrip(context.Context, []byte) ([]byte, error)
+	RoundTripExchange(context.Context, [][]byte) ([][]byte, error)
 	SendESP(context.Context, []byte) error
 	ReceiveESP(context.Context, []byte) (int, error)
 	SendSessionPacket(context.Context, []byte, bool) error
@@ -96,6 +97,29 @@ func roundTripDatagram(
 	read func([]byte, time.Time) (int, error),
 	packet []byte,
 ) ([]byte, error) {
+	writeAll := func(values [][]byte) error {
+		if len(values) > 0 {
+			return write(values[0])
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	responses, err := roundTripFragments(ctx, timeout, writeAll, read, [][]byte{packet})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(responses) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ike: empty datagram response")
+	}
+	return responses[0], nil
+}
+
+func roundTripFragments(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	timeout time.Duration,
+	writeAll func([][]byte) error,
+	read func([]byte, time.Time) (int, error),
+	packets [][]byte,
+) ([][]byte, error) {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		ctx = context.Background()
 	}
@@ -110,20 +134,44 @@ func roundTripDatagram(
 		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if err := write(packet); err != nil {
+		if err := writeAll(packets); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		attemptDeadline := time.Now().Add(interval)
 		if deadline.Before(attemptDeadline) {
 			attemptDeadline = deadline
 		}
+		var (
+			totalExpected uint16
+			fragments     = make(map[uint16][]byte)
+		)
 		for time.Now().Before(attemptDeadline) {
 			if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			n, err := read(buffer, attemptDeadline)
 			if err == nil {
-				return append([]byte(nil), buffer[:n]...), nil
+				pkt := append([]byte(nil), buffer[:n]...)
+				header, body, parseErr := parseIKEPacket(pkt)
+				if parseErr == nil && header.NextPayload == payloadEncryptedFragment && len(body) >= 8 {
+					fragNum := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[4:6])
+					total := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[6:8])
+					if total > 1 {
+						if totalExpected == 0 {
+							totalExpected = total
+						}
+						fragments[fragNum] = pkt
+						if uint16(len(fragments)) == totalExpected {
+							res := make([][]byte, 0, totalExpected)
+							for i := uint16(1); i <= totalExpected; i++ {
+								res = append(res, fragments[i])
+							}
+							return res, nil
+						}
+						continue
+					}
+				}
+				return [][]byte{pkt}, nil
 			}
 			if timeoutError, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && timeoutError.Timeout() {
 				lastErr = err
@@ -222,26 +270,48 @@ func (transport *directUDP) Float(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (transport *directUDP) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	responses, err := transport.RoundTripExchange(ctx, [][]byte{packet})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(responses) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ike: empty exchange response")
+	}
+	return responses[0], nil
+}
+
+func (transport *directUDP) RoundTripExchange(ctx context.Context, packets [][]byte) ([][]byte, error) {
 	transport.mu.Lock()
 	defer transport.mu.Unlock()
 	if transport.conn == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("ike: UDP transport is closed")
 	}
-	requestHeader, _, err := parseIKEPacket(packet)
+	if len(packets) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ike: outbound packet list is empty")
+	}
+	requestHeader, _, err := parseIKEPacket(packets[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: invalid outbound packet: %w", err)
 	}
-	wirePacket := packet
+	var wirePackets [][]byte
+	for _, pkt := range packets {
+		wire := pkt
 		if transport.floated {
-		wirePacket = append([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, packet...)
+			wire = append([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, pkt...)
 		}
-	write := func(value []byte) error {
+		wirePackets = append(wirePackets, wire)
+	}
+	writeAll := func(values [][]byte) error {
+		for _, value := range values {
 			if err := transport.conn.SetWriteDeadline(deadlineFor(ctx, transport.config.Timeout)); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-		_, err := transport.conn.Write(value)
+			if _, err := transport.conn.Write(value); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	read := func(buffer []byte, attemptDeadline time.Time) (int, error) {
 		for {
 			if err := transport.conn.SetReadDeadline(attemptDeadline); err != nil {
@@ -252,10 +322,6 @@ func (transport *directUDP) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byt
 				return 0, err
 			}
 			if transport.floated {
-				// IKE and ESP legitimately share UDP/4500. An ESP packet can
-				// arrive immediately before the IKE response that completes
-				// CHILD_SA setup; discard it here and keep the same absolute
-				// attempt deadline while waiting for marked IKE.
 				if !hasNonESPMarker(buffer[:n]) {
 					continue
 				}
@@ -268,7 +334,7 @@ func (transport *directUDP) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byt
 			return n, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return roundTripDatagram(ctx, transport.config.Timeout, write, read, wirePacket)
+	return roundTripFragments(ctx, transport.config.Timeout, writeAll, read, wirePackets)
 }
 
 func (transport *directUDP) SendESP(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) error {
@@ -561,12 +627,26 @@ func (transport *socks5UDP) Float(_ context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (transport *socks5UDP) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	responses, err := transport.RoundTripExchange(ctx, [][]byte{packet})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(responses) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ike: empty exchange response")
+	}
+	return responses[0], nil
+}
+
+func (transport *socks5UDP) RoundTripExchange(ctx context.Context, packets [][]byte) ([][]byte, error) {
 	transport.mu.Lock()
 	defer transport.mu.Unlock()
 	if transport.udp == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("ike: SOCKS5 UDP transport is closed")
 	}
-	requestHeader, _, err := parseIKEPacket(packet)
+	if len(packets) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("ike: outbound packet list is empty")
+	}
+	requestHeader, _, err := parseIKEPacket(packets[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: invalid outbound packet: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -576,18 +656,18 @@ func (transport *socks5UDP) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byt
 	// Once a gateway answers, keep it pinned for the lifetime of the IKE SA.
 	if !transport.floated && requestHeader.Exchange == exchangeIKEInit && requestHeader.MessageID == 0 && len(transport.remotes) > 1 {
 		var lastErr error
-		var cookieResponse []byte
+		var cookieResponse [][]byte
 		for _, candidate := range transport.remotes {
 			transport.remote = cloneUDPAddr(candidate)
-			response, attemptErr := transport.roundTripLocked(ctx, packet, requestHeader)
+			responses, attemptErr := transport.roundTripFragmentsLocked(ctx, packets, requestHeader)
 			if attemptErr == nil {
-				if ikeInitResponseHasCookie(response) {
+				if len(responses) > 0 && ikeInitResponseHasCookie(responses[0]) {
 					if cookieResponse == nil {
-						cookieResponse = append([]byte(nil), response...)
+						cookieResponse = responses
 					}
 					continue
 				}
-				return response, nil
+				return responses, nil
 			}
 			lastErr = attemptErr
 			if ctx.Err() != nil || !isNetworkTimeout(attemptErr) {
@@ -599,25 +679,33 @@ func (transport *socks5UDP) RoundTrip(ctx context.Context, packet []byte) ([]byt
 		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ike: all %d resolved ePDG addresses timed out: %w", len(transport.remotes), lastErr)
 	}
-	return transport.roundTripLocked(ctx, packet, requestHeader)
+	return transport.roundTripFragmentsLocked(ctx, packets, requestHeader)
 }
 
-func (transport *socks5UDP) roundTripLocked(ctx context.Context, packet []byte, requestHeader ikeHeader) ([]byte, error) {
+func (transport *socks5UDP) roundTripFragmentsLocked(ctx context.Context, packets [][]byte, requestHeader ikeHeader) ([][]byte, error) {
-	wireIKE := packet
+	var datagrams [][]byte
+	for _, pkt := range packets {
+		wireIKE := pkt
 		if transport.floated {
-		wireIKE = append([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, packet...)
+			wireIKE = append([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, pkt...)
 		}
 		datagram, err := marshalSOCKS5Datagram(transport.remote, wireIKE)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-	write := func(value []byte) error {
+		datagrams = append(datagrams, datagram)
+	}
+	writeAll := func(values [][]byte) error {
+		for _, value := range values {
 			if err := transport.udp.SetWriteDeadline(deadlineFor(ctx, transport.config.Timeout)); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-		_, err := transport.udp.Write(value)
+			if _, err := transport.udp.Write(value); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	read := func(buffer []byte, attemptDeadline time.Time) (int, error) {
 		for {
 			payload, err := readExpectedSOCKS5Datagram(
@@ -630,10 +718,6 @@ func (transport *socks5UDP) roundTripLocked(ctx context.Context, packet []byte,
 				return 0, err
 			}
 			if transport.floated {
-				// The relay can deliver ESP before the marked IKE response on
-				// the same UDP/4500 association. Do not accept it as IKE, and
-				// do not abort the exchange; keep waiting within the original
-				// deadline.
 				if !hasNonESPMarker(payload) {
 					continue
 				}
@@ -646,7 +730,7 @@ func (transport *socks5UDP) roundTripLocked(ctx context.Context, packet []byte,
 			return len(payload), nil
 		}
 	}
-	return roundTripDatagram(ctx, transport.config.Timeout, write, read, datagram)
+	return roundTripFragments(ctx, transport.config.Timeout, writeAll, read, datagrams)
 }
 
 func isNetworkTimeout(err error) bool {

internal/vowifi/ike/wire.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ const (
 	payloadEncrypted         = 46
 	payloadCP                = 47
 	payloadEAP               = 48
+	payloadEncryptedFragment = 53
 
 	protocolIKE = 1
 	protocolESP = 3
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ const (
 	notifyNATDestination         = 16389
 	notifyCookie                 = 16390
 	notifyEAPOnlyAuth            = 16417
+	notifyFragmentationSupported = 16430
 	notifyDeviceIdentity         = 41101
 	notifyInvalidKE              = 17
 	notifyNoProposal             = 14

internal/vowifi/ims/call_runtime.go

@@ -115,8 +115,10 @@ func (session *Session) DialCall(ctx context.Context, number string) (vowifi.Cal
 		"P-Preferred-Identity: <"+preferredIdentity+">",
 		"P-Preferred-Service: "+mmtelServiceURN,
 		`Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="`+mmtelFeatureTag+`"`,
-		"P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo(),
+	)
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+	lines = session.appendPAccessNetworkInfoHeader(lines)
+	lines = append(lines,
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 		"Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, BYE, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, PRACK, UPDATE, INFO",
 		"Supported: 100rel, timer, replaces",
 		"Session-Expires: 1800;refresher=uac",
@@ -146,6 +148,8 @@ func (session *Session) DialCall(ctx context.Context, number string) (vowifi.Cal
 	session.callMu.Unlock()
 	if session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
 		session.provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS call started",
+			"category", "call",
+			"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 			"direction", "outgoing",
 			"identity_source", identitySource,
 			"target_scheme", strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.SplitN(target, ":", 2)[0], ":")),
@@ -228,6 +232,8 @@ func (session *Session) watchOutgoingCall(call *imsCall, key sipTransactionKey)
 			} else {
 				if ackErr := session.sendRejectedInviteACK(call, response); ackErr != nil && session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
 					session.provider.config.Logger.Warn("IMS rejected INVITE ACK failed",
+						"category", "call",
+						"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 						"carrier_profile", vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity).ID,
 						"sip_status", response.StatusCode,
 						"error", safeSIPDiagnostic(ackErr.Error()),
@@ -368,6 +374,14 @@ func (session *Session) handleCallRequest(request *sipRequest, respond func([]by
 		session.callMu.Lock()
 		session.calls[callID] = call
 		session.callMu.Unlock()
+		if session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
+			session.provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS incoming call received",
+				"category", "call",
+				"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
+				"caller", call.public.Number,
+				"call_id", call.public.ID,
+			)
+		}
 		if session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.OnIncomingCall != nil {
 			calledNumber := identityNumber(request.value("To"))
 			if calledNumber == "" {
@@ -487,8 +501,10 @@ func (session *Session) sendRejectedInviteACK(call *imsCall, response *sipRespon
 		"To: "+to,
 		"Call-ID: "+call.callID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d ACK", call.cseq),
-		"P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo(),
+	)
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+	lines = session.appendPAccessNetworkInfoHeader(lines)
+	lines = append(lines,
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 		"Content-Length: 0", "", "",
 	)
 	session.writeMu.Lock()
@@ -565,8 +581,10 @@ func (session *Session) sendPRACK(call *imsCall, response *sipResponse) {
 	lines = append(lines,
 		"From: "+from, "To: "+to, "Call-ID: "+call.callID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d PRACK", cseq), "RAck: "+rseq+" "+inviteCSeq,
-		"P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo(),
+	)
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+	lines = session.appendPAccessNetworkInfoHeader(lines)
+	lines = append(lines,
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 		"Content-Length: 0", "", "",
 	)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(session.refreshContext, 10*time.Second)
@@ -697,10 +715,10 @@ func (session *Session) buildDialogRequest(call *imsCall, method string, cseq ui
 		"Call-ID: "+call.callID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d %s", cseq, method),
 		"Supported: 100rel, timer",
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 	)
 	if method != "CANCEL" {
-		lines = append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo())
+		lines = session.appendPAccessNetworkInfoHeader(lines)
 	}
 	if method == "UPDATE" {
 		lines = append(lines, session.dialogContactHeader())
@@ -759,6 +777,13 @@ func (session *Session) dialogContactHeader() string {
 	if session == nil || session.conn == nil || strings.TrimSpace(session.identity.user) == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
+	if session.imsRegisterOptions().ContactFormat == vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		contact := "Contact: <sip:" + session.contactAddress() + `>;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="` + mmtelFeatureTag + `"`
+		if strings.TrimSpace(session.instanceID) != "" {
+			contact += `;+sip.instance="<` + session.instanceID + `>"`
+		}
+		return contact
+	}
 	contact := "Contact: <sip:" + session.identity.user + "@" + session.contactAddress() + ";transport=" + session.transport + ">"
 	if strings.TrimSpace(session.instanceID) != "" {
 		contact += `;+sip.instance="<` + session.instanceID + `>"`
@@ -799,25 +824,20 @@ func (session *Session) callOriginatingIdentitiesLocked(profile vowifi.CarrierPr
 }
 
 func (session *Session) pAccessNetworkInfo() string {
-	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity)
+	if session == nil {
-	node := strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANINode)
+		return ""
-	if node == "" {
-		node = "000000000000"
 	}
-	value := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + node
+	if session.paniResolved {
-	if country := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANICountry)); country != "" {
+		return session.pani
-		value += ";country=" + country
 	}
-	return value + ";network-provided"
+	return resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(session.request.Identity, session.imsLogger())
 }
 
-func (session *Session) callUserAgent() string {
+func (session *Session) appendPAccessNetworkInfoHeader(lines []string) []string {
-	if session != nil && session.provider != nil {
+	if pani := session.pAccessNetworkInfo(); pani != "" {
-		if value := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent); value != "" {
+		return append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+pani)
-			return value
 	}
-	}
+	return lines
-	return "vocat/1"
 }
 
 func callResponseDiagnostic(response *sipResponse) string {
@@ -843,6 +863,8 @@ func (session *Session) logCallResponse(response *sipResponse, diagnostic string
 		return
 	}
 	session.provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS call response",
+		"category", "call",
+		"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 		"carrier_profile", vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity).ID,
 		"sip_status", response.StatusCode,
 		"diagnostic", diagnostic,

internal/vowifi/ims/call_runtime_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ func TestOutgoingLocalNumberUsesIMSPhoneContextAndMMTelHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 		"P-Preferred-Identity: <tel:+447700900123>\r\n",
 		"P-Preferred-Service: " + mmtelServiceURN + "\r\n",
 		`Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="` + mmtelFeatureTag + `"` + "\r\n",
-		"P-Access-Network-Info: IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=000000000000;network-provided\r\n",
+		"P-Access-Network-Info: IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode + "\r\n",
 		"User-Agent: VoCat Test\r\n",
 		"Accept: application/sdp\r\n",
 	} {
@@ -239,6 +241,56 @@ func TestOutgoingLocalNumberUsesIMSPhoneContextAndMMTelHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDialogRequestOmitsPAccessNetworkInfoWhenProfileDisablesPANI(t *testing.T) {
+	profileDir := t.TempDir()
+	profile := `{"version":1,"profiles":[{"id":"test-pani-disabled","match":{"home_plmns":["00101"]},"ims":{"pani_enabled":false}}]}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(profileDir, "pani-disabled.json"), []byte(profile), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	emptyProfileDir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := vowifi.LoadCarrierProfileDirectory(emptyProfileDir); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("clear external carrier profiles: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	if err := vowifi.LoadCarrierProfileDirectory(profileDir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	identity := vowifi.SIMIdentity{HomeMCC: "001", HomeMNC: "01", IMSI: "001010123456789"}
+	pani := resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(identity, nil)
+	if pani != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled profile PANI = %q, want empty", pani)
+	}
+	client, peer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := client.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("close client connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := peer.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("close peer connection: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	session := &Session{
+		request:   vowifi.IMSRequest{Identity: identity},
+		transport: "tcp",
+		conn:      client,
+	}
+	call := &imsCall{
+		target: "sip:[email protected]",
+		from:   "<sip:[email protected]>;tag=local",
+		to:     "<sip:[email protected]>;tag=remote",
+		callID: "pani-disabled-call",
+	}
+
+	request := string(session.buildDialogRequest(call, "BYE", 2))
+	if strings.Contains(request, "\r\nP-Access-Network-Info:") {
+		t.Fatalf("BYE contains disabled P-Access-Network-Info header:\n%s", request)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCallOriginatingIdentitiesFallBackToRegisteredIMPU(t *testing.T) {
 	session := &Session{
 		identity: identitySet{

internal/vowifi/ims/provider.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const (
 	defaultRegistrationExpiry   = 3600 * time.Second
 	defaultTransactionTimeout   = 12 * time.Second
 	maxAuthenticationChallenges = 3
+	defaultPANIWLANNode         = "ffffffffffff"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -230,21 +231,27 @@ func (provider *Provider) Start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.IMSRequest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	pcscf := provider.config.PCSCF
+	var pcscfCandidates []string
-	if pcscf == "" {
+	if provider.config.PCSCF != "" {
+		pcscfCandidates = []string{provider.config.PCSCF}
+	} else {
 		for _, candidate := range tunnel.PCSCF {
-			if strings.TrimSpace(candidate) != "" {
+			candidate = strings.TrimSpace(candidate)
-				pcscf = candidate
+			if candidate != "" {
-				break
+				pcscfCandidates = append(pcscfCandidates, candidate)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if pcscf == "" {
+	if len(pcscfCandidates) == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("ims: tunnel did not provide a P-CSCF")
 	}
+
+	var lastErr error
+	for pcscfIndex, pcscf := range pcscfCandidates {
 		endpoint, transportHint, err := parsePCSCF(pcscf, provider.config.Port)
 		if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
 		}
 		if provider.config.PCSCF != "" && !pcscfProvenByTunnel(endpoint, tunnel.PCSCF, provider.config.Port) {
 			return nil, errors.New("ims: configured P-CSCF is not proven by the SWu tunnel")
@@ -290,7 +297,6 @@ func (provider *Provider) Start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.IMSRequest)
 			}
 			transports = append(transports, alternate)
 		}
-	var lastErr error
 		for attempt, candidate := range transports {
 			connection, dialErr := dialSIP(ctx, candidate, localAddress, 0, endpoint.address())
 			if dialErr != nil {
@@ -299,17 +305,18 @@ func (provider *Provider) Start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.IMSRequest)
 					provider.logTransportFallback(request.Identity, candidate, transports[attempt+1], lastErr)
 					continue
 				}
-			return nil, lastErr
+				break
 			}
 			session, sessionErr := newSession(provider, request, identities, endpoint, candidate, connection)
 			if sessionErr != nil {
 				_ = connection.Close()
-			return nil, sessionErr
+				lastErr = sessionErr
+				break
 			}
 			establishErr := session.establish(ctx)
 			if establishErr == nil {
 				provider.rememberTransport(request.Identity, candidate)
-			if attempt > 0 {
+				if attempt > 0 || pcscfIndex > 0 {
 					provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS automatic transport fallback succeeded",
 						"carrier_profile", vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(request.Identity).ID,
 						"transport", candidate)
@@ -320,10 +327,14 @@ func (provider *Provider) Start(ctx context.Context, request vowifi.IMSRequest)
 			session.abort()
 			lastErr = establishErr
 			if sipResponseObserved || attempt+1 >= len(transports) || ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return nil, lastErr
+				break
 			}
 			provider.logTransportFallback(request.Identity, candidate, transports[attempt+1], establishErr)
 		}
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
 	return nil, lastErr
 }
 
@@ -384,8 +395,13 @@ func deriveIdentities(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, config Config) (identitySet,
 	if !digitsBetween(imsi, 5, 16) {
 		return identitySet{}, errors.New("ims: SIM IMSI is unavailable or invalid")
 	}
-	mcc := strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC)
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(identity)
-	mnc := strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMNC)
+	mcc := strings.TrimSpace(profile.RouteMCC)
+	mnc := strings.TrimSpace(profile.RouteMNC)
+	if mcc == "" || mnc == "" {
+		mcc = strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC)
+		mnc = strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMNC)
+	}
 	if !digitsBetween(mcc, 3, 3) || !digitsBetween(mnc, 2, 3) {
 		return identitySet{}, errors.New("ims: home PLMN is unavailable or invalid")
 	}
@@ -395,7 +411,7 @@ func deriveIdentities(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, config Config) (identitySet,
 	domain := fmt.Sprintf("ims.mnc%s.mcc%s.3gppnetwork.org", mnc, mcc)
 	privateDomain := domain
 	publicDomain := domain
-	if vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(identity).IMSIdentityProfile == vowifi.IMSProfileATT {
+	if profile.IMSIdentityProfile == vowifi.IMSProfileATT {
 		// AT&T provisions the IMPI and IMPU in its ISIM domains rather than
 		// the generic 3GPP PLMN IMS domain.
 		domain = "one.att.net"
@@ -579,6 +595,8 @@ type Session struct {
 	callID             string
 	fromTag            string
 	instanceID         string
+	pani               string
+	paniResolved       bool
 	cseq               uint32
 	auth               *authenticationState
 	securityProposal   securityProposal
@@ -631,6 +649,11 @@ func newSession(
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	instanceURI := "urn:uuid:" + instanceID
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(request.Identity)
+	if profile.IMSRegisterOptions.ContactFormat == vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		instanceURI = sipInstanceID(request.Identity, instanceID)
+	}
 	refreshContext, refreshCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	session := &Session{
 		provider:           provider,
@@ -642,7 +665,9 @@ func newSession(
 		conn:               connection,
 		callID:             callToken + "@" + addressHost(connection.LocalAddr()),
 		fromTag:            fromTag,
-		instanceID:         "urn:uuid:" + instanceID,
+		instanceID:         instanceURI,
+		pani:               resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(request.Identity, provider.config.Logger),
+		paniResolved:       true,
 		cseq:               1,
 		refreshContext:     refreshContext,
 		refreshCancel:      refreshCancel,
@@ -950,11 +975,7 @@ func (session *Session) buildRegister(
 		allow = *registerOptions.AllowHeader
 	}
 
-	userAgent := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent)
+	userAgent := session.imsUserAgent()
-	if override := strings.TrimSpace(registerOptions.UserAgent); override != "" &&
-		(userAgent == "" || userAgent == "vocat/1") {
-		userAgent = override
-	}
 
 	lines := []string{
 		"REGISTER " + requestURI + " SIP/2.0",
@@ -976,19 +997,16 @@ func (session *Session) buildRegister(
 	}
 	lines = append(lines, "User-Agent: "+userAgent)
 
-	defaultPANI := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=000000000000;network-provided"
-	pani := defaultPANI
-	if registerOptions.PAccessNetworkInfo != nil {
-		pani = *registerOptions.PAccessNetworkInfo
-	}
-
 	if registerOptions.PPreferredIdentity {
 		lines = append(lines, "P-Preferred-Identity: <"+session.identity.public+">")
 	}
 	if value := strings.TrimSpace(registerOptions.PVisitedNetworkID); value != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, `P-Visited-Network-ID: "`+value+`"`)
 	}
-	if pani != "" {
+	// PANI describes this UE's access and is stable for the complete IMS
+	// session. The same UE-provided value is used by REGISTER, MESSAGE,
+	// RP-ACK and dialog requests; it never claims to be network-provided.
+	if pani := session.pAccessNetworkInfo(); pani != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+pani)
 	}
 	if value := strings.TrimSpace(registerOptions.CellularNetworkInfo); value != "" {
@@ -1047,6 +1065,15 @@ func (session *Session) buildContact(contactAddress string, registerOptions vowi
 			`%s%s;audio;+g.3gpp.smsip;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="%s";+sip.instance="<%s>"`,
 			base, extra, icsiRef, instanceID,
 		)
+	case vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA:
+		extra := ""
+		for _, tag := range registerOptions.ContactExtraTags {
+			extra += ";" + tag
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			`<sip:%s>;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="%s"%s;+sip.instance="<%s>"`,
+			contactAddress, icsiRef, extra, instanceID,
+		)
 	default:
 		extra := ""
 		for _, tag := range registerOptions.ContactExtraTags {
@@ -1059,6 +1086,144 @@ func (session *Session) buildContact(contactAddress string, registerOptions vowi
 	}
 }
 
+// sipInstanceID uses the standardized GSMA device-instance URI when a valid
+// modem identity is available and keeps the generated UUID as the fallback.
+func sipInstanceID(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, fallback string) string {
+	imei := strings.TrimSpace(identity.IMEI)
+	if len(imei) == 15 {
+		valid := true
+		for _, digit := range imei {
+			if digit < '0' || digit > '9' {
+				valid = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if valid {
+			return "urn:gsma:imei:" + imei + "-0"
+		}
+	}
+	return "urn:uuid:" + strings.TrimSpace(fallback)
+}
+
+func (session *Session) imsRegisterOptions() vowifi.IMSRegisterOptions {
+	if session == nil {
+		return vowifi.IMSRegisterOptions{}
+	}
+	return vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity).IMSRegisterOptions
+}
+
+func (session *Session) imsUserAgent() string {
+	if session != nil && session.provider != nil {
+		if value := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent); value != "" {
+			if value != "vocat/1" {
+				return value
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if session != nil {
+		profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity)
+		if value := strings.TrimSpace(profile.IMSUserAgent); value != "" {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	if session != nil && session.provider != nil {
+		if value := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent); value != "" {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	return "vocat/1"
+}
+
+func (session *Session) imsLogger() *slog.Logger {
+	if session != nil && session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
+		return session.provider.config.Logger
+	}
+	return slog.Default()
+}
+
+// resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo freezes the selected value when the IMS
+// session is created. This prevents a carrier-profile reload from changing
+// access identity between REGISTER, SMS MESSAGE and its RP-ACK.
+func resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, logger *slog.Logger) string {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = slog.Default()
+	}
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(identity)
+	if profile.PANIEnabled != nil && !*profile.PANIEnabled {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if configured := profile.IMSRegisterOptions.PAccessNetworkInfo; configured != nil {
+		return appendPaniCountry(ueProvidedPANI(*configured), identity, profile, logger)
+	}
+
+	node := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANINode))
+	if decoded, err := hex.DecodeString(node); err != nil || len(decoded) != 6 {
+		node = defaultPANIWLANNode
+	}
+	if node == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	value := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + node
+	return appendPaniCountry(value, identity, profile, logger)
+}
+
+func appendPaniCountry(value string, identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, profile vowifi.CarrierProfile, logger *slog.Logger) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(value, ";")
+	for _, parameter := range parts {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(parameter)), "country=") {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+
+	countryMode := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANICountry))
+	country := countryMode
+	if countryMode == "AUTO" {
+		mcc := strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC)
+		if mcc == "" {
+			mcc = strings.TrimSpace(profile.RouteMCC)
+		}
+		country = vowifi.CountryCodeForMCC(mcc)
+		if country == "" {
+			if logger == nil {
+				logger = slog.Default()
+			}
+			logger.Error("IMS PANI country code could not be derived",
+				"category", "ims",
+				"stage", "pani_country",
+				"carrier_profile", profile.ID,
+				"mcc", mcc,
+			)
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	if country == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	parts = append(parts, "")
+	copy(parts[2:], parts[1:])
+	parts[1] = "country=" + country
+	return strings.Join(parts, ";")
+}
+
+// ueProvidedPANI removes the network-provided marker from a profile override.
+// RFC 7315 reserves that marker for a trusted proxy; a UE must not assert it.
+func ueProvidedPANI(value string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(value), ";")
+	filtered := parts[:0]
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if part == "" || strings.EqualFold(part, "network-provided") {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, part)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(filtered, ";")
+}
+
 func (session *Session) exchange(ctx context.Context, request []byte, cseq uint32) (*sipResponse, error) {
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1194,6 +1359,7 @@ func (session *Session) applyRegistrationEvidence(response *sipResponse) error {
 	serviceRoutes := splitHeaderValues(response.values("Service-Route"))
 	registeredContact := ""
 	smsConfirmed := false
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity)
 	instanceLower := strings.ToLower(session.instanceID)
 	contactURILower := strings.ToLower(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"sip:%s@%s;transport=%s",
@@ -1201,10 +1367,15 @@ func (session *Session) applyRegistrationEvidence(response *sipResponse) error {
 		session.contactAddress(),
 		session.transport,
 	))
+	contactAddressLower := ""
+	if profile.IMSRegisterOptions.ContactFormat == vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		contactAddressLower = strings.ToLower("sip:" + session.contactAddress())
+	}
 	for _, contact := range contacts {
 		lower := strings.ToLower(contact)
 		matchesThisSession := strings.Contains(lower, instanceLower) ||
-			strings.Contains(lower, contactURILower)
+			strings.Contains(lower, contactURILower) ||
+			(contactAddressLower != "" && strings.Contains(lower, contactAddressLower))
 		if matchesThisSession {
 			registeredContact = contact
 			smsConfirmed = strings.Contains(lower, "+g.3gpp.smsip")

internal/vowifi/ims/provider_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package ims
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -361,6 +362,7 @@ func TestRefreshFailureRevokesRegistrationEvidence(t *testing.T) {
 
 func serveRegistration(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, confirmSMS bool) error {
 	var callID string
+	var pani string
 	for step := 0; step < 4; step++ {
 		packet := make([]byte, 65535)
 		count, remote, err := listener.ReadFromUDP(packet)
@@ -386,8 +388,14 @@ func serveRegistration(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, confirmSMS bool) err
 				)
 			}
 		}
-		if headers["p-access-network-info"] != "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=000000000000;network-provided" {
+		currentPANI := headers["p-access-network-info"]
-			return fmt.Errorf("REGISTER P-Access-Network-Info = %q", headers["p-access-network-info"])
+		if err := validateTestPANI(currentPANI); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("REGISTER PANI: %w", err)
+		}
+		if step == 0 {
+			pani = currentPANI
+		} else if currentPANI != pani {
+			return fmt.Errorf("REGISTER PANI changed from %q to %q", pani, currentPANI)
 		}
 		if !strings.Contains(headers["allow"], "MESSAGE") ||
 			!strings.Contains(string(packet[:count]), "Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp.smsip") {
@@ -497,6 +505,166 @@ func serveRegistration(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, confirmSMS bool) err
 	return nil
 }
 
+func TestSessionPAccessNetworkInfoIsStableAndUEProvided(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultPANI := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode
+	if err := validateTestPANI(defaultPANI); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := ueProvidedPANI(" IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=aabbccddeeff;network-provided "); got != "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=aabbccddeeff" {
+		t.Fatalf("ueProvidedPANI() = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := ueProvidedPANI("network-provided"); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("marker-only PANI = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+	if got := (&Session{pani: "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode, paniResolved: true}).pAccessNetworkInfo(); got != "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id="+defaultPANIWLANNode {
+		t.Fatalf("session PANI = %q, want default WLAN node", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPAccessNetworkInfoUsesDefaultNodeAndConditionalCountry(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		identity vowifi.SIMIdentity
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "standard without PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "001010123456789", HomeMCC: "001", HomeMNC: "01"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "giffgaff with IPCC PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;country=GB;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "AT&T without PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "310410000000001", HomeMCC: "310", HomeMNC: "410"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "VOXI without PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "234150000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15", SPN: "VOXI"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range cases {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(test.identity, slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
+			if got != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("PANI = %q, want %q", got, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendPaniCountryModes(t *testing.T) {
+	base := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode
+	identity := vowifi.SIMIdentity{HomeMCC: "234"}
+
+	if got := appendPaniCountry(base, identity, vowifi.CarrierProfile{}, slog.Default()); got != base {
+		t.Fatalf("empty PANI country = %q, want %q", got, base)
+	}
+	if got := appendPaniCountry(base, identity, vowifi.CarrierProfile{PANICountry: "GB"}, slog.Default()); got != "IEEE-802.11;country=GB;i-wlan-node-id="+defaultPANIWLANNode {
+		t.Fatalf("fixed PANI country = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := appendPaniCountry(base, identity, vowifi.CarrierProfile{PANICountry: "AUTO"}, slog.Default()); got != "IEEE-802.11;country=GB;i-wlan-node-id="+defaultPANIWLANNode {
+		t.Fatalf("automatic PANI country = %q", got)
+	}
+
+	var logs strings.Builder
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&logs, nil))
+	got := appendPaniCountry(base, vowifi.SIMIdentity{}, vowifi.CarrierProfile{ID: "test-auto", PANICountry: "AUTO"}, logger)
+	if got != base || !strings.Contains(logs.String(), "IMS PANI country code could not be derived") {
+		t.Fatalf("failed automatic PANI country = %q, logs = %q", got, logs.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIMSProfileUserAgentUsesUnifiedHeaderValue(t *testing.T) {
+	giffgaff := &Session{request: vowifi.IMSRequest{Identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF",
+	}}}
+	if got := giffgaff.imsUserAgent(); got != "iOS/18.6.2 iPhone" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff IMS User-Agent = %q", got)
+	}
+	if options := giffgaff.imsRegisterOptions(); options.AllowHeader != nil || options.SupportedHeader != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff REGISTER capability overrides leaked from business headers: %#v", options)
+	}
+
+	standard := &Session{request: vowifi.IMSRequest{Identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "999010000000001", HomeMCC: "999", HomeMNC: "01",
+	}}}
+	if got := standard.imsUserAgent(); got != "vocat/1" {
+		t.Fatalf("standard IMS User-Agent fallback = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSipInstanceIDUsesGSMAFormWhenIMEIIsAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	identity := vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMEI: "353024112557010"}
+	if got := sipInstanceID(identity, "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001"); got != "urn:gsma:imei:353024112557010-0" {
+		t.Fatalf("sipInstanceID() = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := sipInstanceID(vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMEI: "not-an-imei"}, "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001"); got != "urn:uuid:00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001" {
+		t.Fatalf("sipInstanceID() fallback = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGSMAContactFormatUsesAddressAndDeviceInstance(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{
+		identity:   identitySet{user: "234105776448519"},
+		transport:  "tcp",
+		instanceID: "urn:gsma:imei:353024112557010-0",
+	}
+	got := session.buildContact("[2001:db8::1]:49686", vowifi.IMSRegisterOptions{
+		ContactFormat:    vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA,
+		ContactExtraTags: []string{"+g.3gpp.mid-call", "+g.3gpp.smsip"},
+	})
+	want := `<sip:[2001:db8::1]:49686>;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="urn%3Aurn-7%3A3gpp-service.ims.icsi.mmtel";+g.3gpp.mid-call;+g.3gpp.smsip;+sip.instance="<urn:gsma:imei:353024112557010-0>"`
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("GSMA Contact = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func validateTestPANI(value string) error {
+	const accessType = "IEEE-802.11"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(value, accessType+";") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("value %q does not start with %q", value, accessType+";")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(value), "network-provided") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("UE PANI incorrectly claims network-provided provenance: %q", value)
+	}
+	var nodeValue, country string
+	for _, parameter := range strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(value, accessType+";"), ";") {
+		key, parameterValue, ok := strings.Cut(parameter, "=")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(key)) {
+		case "i-wlan-node-id":
+			nodeValue = strings.TrimSpace(parameterValue)
+		case "country":
+			country = strings.TrimSpace(parameterValue)
+		}
+	}
+	if nodeValue == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("i-wlan-node-id is missing: %q", value)
+	}
+	node, err := hex.DecodeString(nodeValue)
+	if err != nil || len(node) != 6 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("i-wlan-node-id must be 12 hexadecimal digits: %q", value)
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(nodeValue, defaultPANIWLANNode) {
+		if country != "" && len(country) != 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("country must be an ISO alpha-2 code: %q", value)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if node[0]&0x03 != 0x02 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("i-wlan-node-id must be a locally administered unicast identifier: %q", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func serveRefreshFailure(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string) error {
 	var callID string
 	for step := 0; step < 3; step++ {

internal/vowifi/ims/rtp_media.go

@@ -71,7 +71,16 @@ func (media *rtpMedia) ready() bool {
 }
 
 func (media *rtpMedia) offerSDP(local net.IP) []byte {
-	return media.buildSDP(local, "8 0", nil)
+	return media.buildSDP(local, "8 0 104 102 100", []string{
+		"a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000",
+		"a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000",
+		"a=rtpmap:104 AMR-WB/16000",
+		"a=fmtp:104 mode-change-capability=2;max-red=220",
+		"a=rtpmap:102 AMR/8000",
+		"a=fmtp:102 mode-change-capability=2;max-red=220",
+		"a=rtpmap:100 telephone-event/8000",
+		"a=fmtp:100 0-15",
+	})
 }
 
 func (media *rtpMedia) answerSDP(local net.IP) []byte {
@@ -81,8 +90,12 @@ func (media *rtpMedia) answerSDP(local net.IP) []byte {
 	if codec == "" {
 		return media.offerSDP(local)
 	}
+	rate := 8000
+	if codec == "AMR-WB" {
+		rate = 16000
+	}
 	return media.buildSDP(local, strconv.Itoa(int(payload)), []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("a=rtpmap:%d %s/8000", payload, codec),
+		fmt.Sprintf("a=rtpmap:%d %s/%d", payload, codec, rate),
 	})
 }
 
@@ -110,7 +123,16 @@ func (media *rtpMedia) buildSDP(local net.IP, formats string, attributes []strin
 		fmt.Sprintf("m=audio %d RTP/AVP %s", port, formats),
 	}
 	if attributes == nil {
-		lines = append(lines, "a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000", "a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000")
+		lines = append(lines,
+			"a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000",
+			"a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000",
+			"a=rtpmap:104 AMR-WB/16000",
+			"a=fmtp:104 mode-change-capability=2;max-red=220",
+			"a=rtpmap:102 AMR/8000",
+			"a=fmtp:102 mode-change-capability=2;max-red=220",
+			"a=rtpmap:100 telephone-event/8000",
+			"a=fmtp:100 0-15",
+		)
 	} else {
 		lines = append(lines, attributes...)
 	}
@@ -137,15 +159,24 @@ func (media *rtpMedia) configureRemote(body []byte) error {
 				name = "PCMU"
 			case 8:
 				name = "PCMA"
+			case 100:
+				continue
+			default:
+				name = fmt.Sprintf("PAYLOAD-%d", parsed)
 			}
 		}
-		if name == "PCMA" || name == "PCMU" {
+		if name != "TELEPHONE-EVENT" {
 			codec, payload = name, byte(parsed)
 			break
 		}
 	}
+	if codec == "" && len(formats) > 0 {
+		if parsed, parseErr := strconv.Atoi(formats[0]); parseErr == nil {
+			codec, payload = fmt.Sprintf("PAYLOAD-%d", parsed), byte(parsed)
+		}
+	}
 	if codec == "" {
-		return errors.New("ims: remote endpoint did not accept PCMA or PCMU audio")
+		return errors.New("ims: remote SDP has no usable audio format")
 	}
 	media.mu.Lock()
 	media.remote = &net.UDPAddr{IP: address, Port: port}

internal/vowifi/ims/sms_runtime.go

@@ -891,10 +891,8 @@ func (session *Session) parseUSSIReply(response *sipResponse) (string, *int) {
 }
 
 func (session *Session) ussiTarget() string {
-	if number, _, ok := vowifi.ExtractAssociatedMSISDN(session.evidence); ok {
+	if domain := strings.TrimSpace(session.identity.domain); domain != "" {
-		if normalized := normalizeE164(number); normalized != "" {
+		return "sip:" + domain
-			return "tel:" + normalized
-		}
 	}
 	return session.identity.public
 }
@@ -913,7 +911,7 @@ func (session *Session) logInboundSMS(level slog.Level, message string, request
 	if session != nil && session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
 		logger = session.provider.config.Logger
 	}
-	base := []any{"device_id", session.request.DeviceID}
+	base := []any{"category", "sms", "subsystem", "ims", "device_id", session.request.DeviceID}
 	if request != nil {
 		base = append(base,
 			"call_id", strings.TrimSpace(request.value("Call-ID")),
@@ -1093,6 +1091,8 @@ func (session *Session) logOutboundSMS(level slog.Level, message string, attribu
 	}
 	plmn := strings.TrimSpace(session.request.Identity.HomeMCC) + strings.TrimSpace(session.request.Identity.HomeMNC)
 	base := []any{
+		"category", "sms",
+		"subsystem", "ims",
 		"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 		"home_plmn", plmn,
 		"transport", session.transport,
@@ -1168,12 +1168,16 @@ func (session *Session) sendSIPMessageWith(
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d MESSAGE", cseq),
 		"P-Preferred-Identity: <"+session.identity.public+">",
 	)
+	if pani := session.pAccessNetworkInfo(); pani != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+pani)
+	}
 	if acceptContactTag != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, "Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp."+acceptContactTag)
 	}
 	lines = append(lines,
 		"Request-Disposition: no-fork",
 		"Allow: MESSAGE",
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 	)
 	if inReplyTo != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, "In-Reply-To: "+inReplyTo)

internal/vowifi/ims/sms_runtime_test.go

@@ -352,6 +352,10 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	registerPANI := headers["p-access-network-info"]
+	if err := validateTestPANI(registerPANI); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initial REGISTER PANI: %w", err)
+	}
 	callID := headers["call-id"]
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(401, "Unauthorized", callID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		`WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org", nonce="` + nonce + `", algorithm=AKAv1-MD5, qop="auth"`,
@@ -366,6 +370,9 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("authenticated REGISTER changed PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", callID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		"Contact: " + headers["contact"] + ";expires=600",
 	}), remote); err != nil {
@@ -433,6 +440,9 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 		len(report.Request.Body) != 2 || report.Request.Body[0] != 0x02 || report.Request.Body[1] != 0x2a {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected delivery report %#v", report.Request)
 	}
+	if report.Request.value("P-Access-Network-Info") != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("inbound SMS RP-ACK did not reuse REGISTER PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", report.Request.value("Call-ID"), report.Request.value("CSeq"), nil), remote); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -449,6 +459,9 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 	if headers["expires"] != "0" {
 		return errors.New("expected deregistration")
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("deregistration changed PANI")
+	}
 	_, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", callID, headers["cseq"], nil), remote)
 	return err
 }
@@ -463,6 +476,10 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	registerPANI := headers["p-access-network-info"]
+	if err := validateTestPANI(registerPANI); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initial REGISTER PANI: %w", err)
+	}
 	registerCallID := headers["call-id"]
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(401, "Unauthorized", registerCallID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		`WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org", nonce="` + nonce + `", algorithm=AKAv1-MD5, qop="auth"`,
@@ -477,6 +494,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("authenticated REGISTER changed PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", registerCallID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		"Contact: " + headers["contact"] + ";expires=600",
 	}), remote); err != nil {
@@ -508,6 +528,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 		message.Request.value("Allow") != "MESSAGE" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected outbound MESSAGE %#v", message.Request)
 	}
+	if message.Request.value("P-Access-Network-Info") != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("outbound SMS MESSAGE did not reuse REGISTER PANI")
+	}
 	rpdu, err := parseRPDU(message.Request.Body)
 	if err != nil || rpdu.messageType != 0 || len(rpdu.tpdu) != 0 {
 		// parseRPDU intentionally decodes only network-to-MS RP-DATA; inspect
@@ -573,6 +596,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 		len(statusACK.Request.Body) != 2 || statusACK.Request.Body[0] != 0x02 || statusACK.Request.Body[1] != 0x2b {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status RP-ACK %#v (%v)", statusACK.Request, err)
 	}
+	if statusACK.Request.value("P-Access-Network-Info") != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("status-report RP-ACK did not reuse REGISTER PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", statusACK.Request.value("Call-ID"), statusACK.Request.value("CSeq"), nil), remote); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -589,6 +615,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 	if headers["expires"] != "0" {
 		return errors.New("expected deregistration")
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("deregistration changed PANI")
+	}
 	_, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", registerCallID, headers["cseq"], nil), remote)
 	return err
 }

internal/vowifi/integration/store_test.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestProxyResolverUsesICCIDProfileBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), store.DeviceProxyBinding{
 		DeviceID:        "ec20",
-		ICCID:           "89441000400128014257",
+		ICCID:           "8944100000000000001",
 		ProfileName:     "Vodafone UK",
 		UpstreamProxyID: "clash",
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func TestProxyResolverUsesICCIDProfileBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	route, err := (ProxyResolver{Store: database}).Resolve(
 		context.Background(),
-		vowifi.ProxyRequest{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15"},
+		vowifi.ProxyRequest{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15"},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestProxyResolverDoesNotLeakBindingToAnotherProfileOnSameDevice(t *testing.
 	if err := database.UpsertUpstreamProxy(context.Background(), store.UpstreamProxy{ID: "proxy", Name: "Proxy", Addr: "127.0.0.1:1080", Enabled: true}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), store.DeviceProxyBinding{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", ProfileName: "A", UpstreamProxyID: "proxy"}); err != nil {
+	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), store.DeviceProxyBinding{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", ProfileName: "A", UpstreamProxyID: "proxy"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	route, err := (ProxyResolver{Store: database}).Resolve(context.Background(), vowifi.ProxyRequest{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89104100000028106378"})
@@ -137,12 +137,12 @@ func TestProxyResolverICCIDBindingWithDisabledProxyFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(ctx, store.DeviceProxyBinding{
-		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", ProfileName: "Manual", UpstreamProxyID: "disabled",
+		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", ProfileName: "Manual", UpstreamProxyID: "disabled",
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	_, err := (ProxyResolver{Store: database}).Resolve(ctx, vowifi.ProxyRequest{
-		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", HomeMCC: "234",
+		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", HomeMCC: "234",
 	})
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("disabled explicit ICCID binding unexpectedly fell back to another route")
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func TestProxyResolverMaterializesCountryRuleAsICCIDBinding(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	request := vowifi.ProxyRequest{
-		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", HomeMCC: "234",
+		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", HomeMCC: "234",
 	}
 	resolver := ProxyResolver{Store: database}
 	route, err := resolver.Resolve(ctx, request)
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func TestInsertDeviceProxyBindingIfAbsentDoesNotReplaceExplicitBinding(t *testin
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
-	iccid := "89441000400128014257"
+	iccid := "8944100000000000001"
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(ctx, store.DeviceProxyBinding{
 		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: iccid, ProfileName: "Manual", UpstreamProxyID: "explicit",
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -257,12 +257,12 @@ func TestProxyResolverPrefersICCIDBindingOverCountryRule(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), store.DeviceProxyBinding{
-		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", ProfileName: "Physical SIM", UpstreamProxyID: "profile",
+		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", ProfileName: "Physical SIM", UpstreamProxyID: "profile",
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	route, err := (ProxyResolver{Store: database}).Resolve(context.Background(), vowifi.ProxyRequest{
-		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", HomeMCC: "234",
+		DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "8944100000000000001", HomeMCC: "234",
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -400,10 +400,10 @@ func TestStateProjectorDoesNotAttachOldSessionNumberToNewLiveSIM(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	if err := projector.Save(context.Background(), vowifi.State{
 		DeviceID:          "ec20",
-		ICCID:             "89441000400128014257",
+		ICCID:             "8944100000000000001",
-		IMSI:              "234159608751160",
+		IMSI:              "234150000000001",
 		Phase:             vowifi.PhaseStopping,
-		PhoneNumber:       "+447386083638",
+		PhoneNumber:       "+447700900123",
 		PhoneNumberSource: vowifi.PhoneSourcePAssociatedURI,
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Now().UTC(),
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -413,10 +413,10 @@ func TestStateProjectorDoesNotAttachOldSessionNumberToNewLiveSIM(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if runtime.ICCID != "89441000400128014257" || runtime.IMSI != "234159608751160" {
+	if runtime.ICCID != "8944100000000000001" || runtime.IMSI != "234150000000001" {
 		t.Fatalf("runtime identity = %q/%q", runtime.ICCID, runtime.IMSI)
 	}
-	if runtime.LocalPhone != "+447386083638" {
+	if runtime.LocalPhone != "+447700900123" {
 		t.Fatalf("runtime phone = %q", runtime.LocalPhone)
 	}
 }

internal/vowifi/native_qmi_adapter.go

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (adapter *NativeQMIAdapter) AuthenticateWithPreference(ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	raw, err := adapter.controller.AuthenticateNativeQMI(ctx, binding.deviceID, binding.aid, buildUSIMAuthenticateAPDU(challenge))
 	if err != nil {
-		return AKAResult{}, ErrEC20AKACommand
+		return AKAResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrEC20AKACommand, err)
 	}
 	return parseUSIMAuthenticateResponse(raw)
 }

web/src/components/dashboard/OnlineRateCard.tsx

@@ -1,55 +1,237 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import { PlugConnectedRegular } from "@fluentui/react-icons";
 import { useI18n, tf } from "../../lib/i18n";
 import { cx } from "../../lib/utils";
 
-// 模块在线率分四档：100% 绿，80-99% 黄，50-79% 橙，低于 50% 红。
+interface DayUptime {
-type RateLevel = "green" | "yellow" | "orange" | "red";
+  dateKey: string; // YYYY-MM-DD
-
+  date: Date;
-function rateLevel(percent: number): RateLevel {
+  isToday: boolean;
-  if (percent >= 100) return "green";
+  daysAgo: number;
-  if (percent >= 80) return "yellow";
+  uptimePercent: number; // 0 - 100
-  if (percent >= 50) return "orange";
+  status: "online" | "degraded" | "down" | "none";
-  return "red";
 }
 
-const LEVEL_STYLES: Record<RateLevel, { text: string; dot: string; labelKey: string }> = {
+const STORAGE_KEY = "vocat_uptime_history_14d";
-  green: { text: "text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400", dot: "bg-emerald-500", labelKey: "优秀" },
+
-  yellow: { text: "text-yellow-600 dark:text-yellow-400", dot: "bg-yellow-500", labelKey: "良好" },
+function get14DaysSlots(currentOnline: number, currentTotal: number): DayUptime[] {
-  orange: { text: "text-orange-600 dark:text-orange-400", dot: "bg-orange-500", labelKey: "一般" },
+  let savedMap: Record<string, number> = {};
-  red: { text: "text-red-600 dark:text-red-400", dot: "bg-red-500", labelKey: "较差" },
+  try {
+    const raw = localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);
+    if (raw) savedMap = JSON.parse(raw);
+  } catch {
+    /* ignore */
+  }
+
+  const now = new Date();
+  const slots: DayUptime[] = [];
+
+  for (let i = 13; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const d = new Date(now.getTime() - i * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
+    const y = d.getFullYear();
+    const m = String(d.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, "0");
+    const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, "0");
+    const dateKey = `${y}-${m}-${day}`;
+    const isToday = i === 0;
+
+    let percent = 100;
+    if (isToday) {
+      if (currentTotal === 0) {
+        percent = -1;
+      } else {
+        percent = Math.round((currentOnline / currentTotal) * 100);
+      }
+      if (percent >= 0) {
+        savedMap[dateKey] = percent;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (dateKey in savedMap) {
+        percent = savedMap[dateKey];
+      } else {
+        percent = currentTotal > 0 ? 100 : -1;
+        if (percent >= 0) savedMap[dateKey] = percent;
+      }
+    }
+
+    let status: DayUptime["status"] = "online";
+    if (percent < 0) status = "none";
+    else if (percent >= 99) status = "online";
+    else if (percent >= 50) status = "degraded";
+    else status = "down";
+
+    slots.push({
+      dateKey,
+      date: d,
+      isToday,
+      daysAgo: i,
+      uptimePercent: percent < 0 ? 0 : percent,
+      status,
+    });
+  }
+
+  try {
+    localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(savedMap));
+  } catch {
+    /* ignore */
+  }
+
+  return slots;
+}
+
+export function OnlineRateCard({ online, total }: { online: number; total: number }) {
+  const { t, lang } = useI18n();
+  const [hoveredDay, setHoveredDay] = useState<DayUptime | null>(null);
+  const [slots, setSlots] = useState<DayUptime[]>(() => get14DaysSlots(online, total));
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setSlots(get14DaysSlots(online, total));
+  }, [online, total]);
+
+  const currentPercent = total > 0 ? Math.round((online / total) * 100) : null;
+  const overallAvg =
+    slots.filter((s) => s.status !== "none").length > 0
+      ? Math.round(
+          slots.filter((s) => s.status !== "none").reduce((acc, s) => acc + s.uptimePercent, 0) /
+            slots.filter((s) => s.status !== "none").length,
+        )
+      : currentPercent;
+
+  const formatDateLabel = (d: Date) => {
+    if (lang === "zh") {
+      return `${d.getMonth() + 1}月${d.getDate()}日`;
+    }
+    return d.toLocaleDateString("en-US", { month: "short", day: "numeric" });
   };
 
-// 模块在线率卡：汇总全部已添加且可识别的模块，大字号百分比按四档着色。
+  return (
-export function OnlineRateCard({ online, total }: { online: number; total: number }) {
+    <div className="ui-panel relative flex flex-col justify-between p-4 transition-all">
-  const { t } = useI18n();
+      {/* Header */}
-  const percent = total > 0 ? Math.round((online / total) * 100) : null;
+      <div>
-  const level = percent === null ? null : rateLevel(percent);
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-  const styles = level ? LEVEL_STYLES[level] : null;
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <div className="flex h-6 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-emerald-50 text-emerald-600 dark:bg-emerald-500/10 dark:text-emerald-400">
+              <PlugConnectedRegular className="h-3.5 w-3.5" />
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+              <h3 className="text-sm font-bold text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100">{t("模块在线率")}</h3>
+              <span className="rounded px-1.5 py-0.2 text-[10px] font-semibold bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 dark:bg-white/10 dark:text-gray-300">
+                14d
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className="flex items-baseline gap-1">
+            {overallAvg === null ? (
+              <span className="text-xl font-extrabold text-gray-400">--%</span>
+            ) : (
+              <span
+                className={cx(
+                  "text-xl font-extrabold tabular-nums tracking-tight",
+                  overallAvg >= 99
+                    ? "text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400"
+                    : overallAvg >= 80
+                    ? "text-yellow-600 dark:text-yellow-400"
+                    : "text-red-600 dark:text-red-400",
+                )}
+              >
+                {overallAvg}%
+              </span>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* Subtitle count */}
+        <div className="mt-1 flex items-center justify-between text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+            <span
+              className={cx(
+                "inline-block h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full",
+                online > 0 ? "bg-emerald-500 animate-pulse" : "bg-gray-400",
+              )}
+            />
+            <span className="tabular-nums font-medium">
+              {tf("{online}/{total} 台在线", { online, total })}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+          <span className="text-[11px] font-medium text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400">
+            {currentPercent !== null && currentPercent >= 99 ? t("运行优秀") : t("正常监控")}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Uptime Kuma 14-day Heartbeat Bars */}
+      <div className="my-2.5">
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-1 sm:gap-1.5 h-8 w-full">
+          {slots.map((slot) => {
+            let barBg = "bg-gray-200 dark:bg-white/10";
+            if (slot.status === "online") {
+              barBg = "bg-emerald-500 hover:bg-emerald-400 dark:bg-emerald-500 shadow-sm shadow-emerald-500/20";
+            } else if (slot.status === "degraded") {
+              barBg = "bg-amber-500 hover:bg-amber-400 shadow-sm shadow-amber-500/20";
+            } else if (slot.status === "down") {
+              barBg = "bg-rose-500 hover:bg-rose-400 shadow-sm shadow-rose-500/20";
+            }
 
             return (
-    <div className="ui-panel p-4">
+              <div
-      <div className="mb-1 flex items-center gap-2">
+                key={slot.dateKey}
-        <PlugConnectedRegular className="h-4 w-4 text-sky-500" />
+                onMouseEnter={() => setHoveredDay(slot)}
-        <h3 className="text-sm font-bold text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100">{t("模块在线率")}</h3>
+                onMouseLeave={() => setHoveredDay(null)}
-      </div>
+                className="group/bar relative flex-1 h-full flex items-end cursor-pointer"
-      <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-1">
+              >
-        {percent === null ? (
+                <div
-          <div className="text-4xl font-extrabold text-gray-300 dark:text-gray-600">--%</div>
+                  className={cx(
+                    "w-full rounded-sm transition-all duration-150 group-hover/bar:scale-y-110",
+                    slot.isToday ? "h-full ring-1 ring-emerald-400/40" : "h-full",
+                    barBg,
+                  )}
+                />
+
+                {/* Floating Tooltip on Hover */}
+                {hoveredDay?.dateKey === slot.dateKey && (
+                  <div className="pointer-events-none absolute bottom-full left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 mb-2 z-30 whitespace-nowrap rounded-lg bg-gray-900 px-2.5 py-1.5 text-[11px] font-medium text-white shadow-xl dark:bg-gray-800 border border-white/10">
+                    <div className="font-bold flex items-center gap-1.5">
+                      <span>{formatDateLabel(slot.date)}</span>
+                      {slot.isToday ? (
+                        <span className="rounded bg-emerald-500/30 px-1 text-[9px] text-emerald-300 font-normal">
+                          {t("今天")}
+                        </span>
+                      ) : slot.daysAgo === 1 ? (
+                        <span className="text-[10px] text-gray-400 font-normal">
+                          {t("昨天")}
+                        </span>
                       ) : (
-          <div className={cx("text-5xl font-extrabold tabular-nums leading-none", styles!.text)}>
+                        <span className="text-[10px] text-gray-400 font-normal">
-            {percent}
+                          {tf("{days}天前", { days: slot.daysAgo })}
-            <span className="text-2xl">%</span>
+                        </span>
+                      )}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="mt-0.5 flex items-center gap-1 text-[10px] text-gray-300">
+                      <span>
+                        {slot.status === "online"
+                          ? `🟢 ${slot.uptimePercent}% ${t("正常在线")}`
+                          : slot.status === "degraded"
+                          ? `🟡 ${slot.uptimePercent}% ${t("部分离线")}`
+                          : slot.status === "down"
+                          ? `🔴 0% ${t("完全离线")}`
+                          : `⚪ ${t("暂无数据")}`}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                    {/* Tooltip triangle */}
+                    <div className="absolute top-full left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -mt-1 border-4 border-transparent border-t-gray-900 dark:border-t-gray-800" />
                   </div>
                 )}
               </div>
-      <div className="mt-2 flex items-center justify-center gap-2 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            );
-        {styles ? (
+          })}
-          <span className="flex items-center gap-1">
+        </div>
-            <span className={cx("inline-block h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full", styles.dot)} />
+
-            {t(styles.labelKey)}
+        {/* Legend / Range labels */}
-          </span>
+        <div className="mt-1 flex items-center justify-between text-[10px] font-medium text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
-        ) : null}
+          <span>{t("14天前")}</span>
-        <span className="tabular-nums">{tf("{online}/{total} 台在线", { online, total })}</span>
+          <span className="opacity-75">{t("持续监测中")}</span>
+          <span>{t("今天")}</span>
+        </div>
       </div>
     </div>
   );

web/src/components/logs/LogRetentionCard.tsx

@@ -11,12 +11,13 @@ import { message } from "../ui/message";
 type RetentionMode = LoggingSettings["mode"];
 
 // 运行日志保留策略：默认不限制，可按条数或天数限制，服务端据此裁剪历史日志。
-export function LogRetentionCard() {
+export function LogRetentionCard({ refreshKey = 0 }: { refreshKey?: number }) {
   const { t } = useI18n();
   const [mode, setMode] = useState<RetentionMode>("unlimited");
   const [count, setCount] = useState(10000);
   const [days, setDays] = useState(30);
   const [storedLogs, setStoredLogs] = useState(0);
+  const [maxLogs, setMaxLogs] = useState(10000);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
     setCount(data.count);
     setDays(data.days);
     setStoredLogs(data.storedLogs);
+    setMaxLogs(data.maxLogs || 10000);
   }, []);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -41,14 +43,14 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
     return () => {
       cancelled = true;
     };
-  }, [apply]);
+  }, [apply, refreshKey]);
 
   const save = useCallback(async () => {
     setSaving(true);
     try {
       const data = await updateLoggingSettings({
         mode,
-        count: Math.max(1, Math.trunc(count) || 1),
+        count: Math.min(maxLogs, Math.max(1, Math.trunc(count) || 1)),
         days: Math.max(1, Math.trunc(days) || 1),
       });
       apply(data);
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
     } finally {
       setSaving(false);
     }
-  }, [mode, count, days, apply]);
+  }, [mode, count, days, maxLogs, apply]);
 
   const onNumber = (setter: (value: number) => void) => (event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
     const parsed = parseInt(event.target.value, 10);
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
           className="w-32"
           disabled={loading}
           options={[
-            { value: "unlimited", label: t("不限制") },
+            { value: "unlimited", label: t("最多 10000 条") },
             { value: "count", label: t("按条数") },
             { value: "days", label: t("按天数") },
           ]}
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
             <Input
               type="number"
               min={1}
+              max={maxLogs}
               value={count === 0 ? "" : count}
               onChange={onNumber(setCount)}
               disabled={loading}
@@ -110,8 +113,9 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
           </label>
         ) : null}
         <span className="text-sm text-gray-400">
-          {t("当前已存储")} {storedLogs} {t("条")}
+          {t("当前已存储")} {storedLogs} / {maxLogs} {t("条")}
         </span>
+        <span className="text-xs text-gray-400">{t("达到上限后自动删除最旧日志")}</span>
         <div className="flex-1" />
         <Button
           size="small"

web/src/lib/i18n-en.ts

@@ -498,6 +498,22 @@ export const EN_DICT: Record<string, string> = {
   "连接中断，正在尝试重连…": "Connection lost, reconnecting…",
   已导出日志: "Logs exported",
   "查看系统运行日志，支持过滤和搜索": "View system runtime logs with filtering and search",
+  设备与业务日志: "Device & Service Logs",
+  "记录硬件、驻网、WiFi Calling、短信、通话和用户操作；敏感信息已自动打码":
+    "Hardware, network registration, WiFi Calling, SMS, calls, and user operations. Sensitive identities are automatically redacted.",
+  业务分类: "Category",
+  全部业务: "All Services",
+  硬件与模块: "Hardware & Modem",
+  驻网: "Network Registration",
+  通话: "Calls",
+  用户操作: "User Operations",
+  系统错误: "System",
+  "最多 10000 条": "Up to 10,000",
+  达到上限后自动删除最旧日志: "The oldest logs are automatically removed at the limit",
+  "此操作会永久删除服务端保存的全部日志，无法恢复。": "This permanently deletes all logs stored on the server and cannot be undone.",
+  "确认清空日志？": "Clear all logs?",
+  日志已清空: "Logs cleared",
+  清空日志失败: "Failed to clear logs",
   继续: "Resume",
   暂停: "Pause",
   已连接: "Connected",
@@ -1175,4 +1191,31 @@ export const EN_DICT: Record<string, string> = {
   "绑定到该代理的国家规则将自动删除，相关国家会恢复直连。":
     "Country rules bound to this proxy will be deleted, and those countries will revert to a direct connection.",
   "{encoding} · 预计 {parts} 段 · {length} 字": "{encoding} · ~{parts} seg · {length} chars",
+
+  // Uptime & Monitoring translations
+  "运行优秀": "Excellent",
+  "正常监控": "Optimal",
+  "14天前": "14d ago",
+  "持续监测中": "Monitored",
+  "今天": "Today",
+  "昨天": "Yesterday",
+  "天前": "days ago",
+  "{days}天前": "{days}d ago",
+  "正常在线": "Online",
+  "部分离线": "Degraded",
+  "完全离线": "Offline",
+
+  // Additional missing system strings
+  "端口": "Port",
+  "错误详情": "Error Details",
+  "正在搜索网络": "Searching network",
+  "SM-DP+ 的公开 Profile 库存已耗尽，请稍后重试或更换服务。":
+    "The public profile inventory on the SM-DP+ is exhausted. Please try again later or use a different service.",
+  "此 SM-DP+ 的证书链不受当前 eUICC 信任；该卡不能使用此测试服务器。":
+    "The SM-DP+ certificate chain is not trusted by this eUICC; this card cannot use this test server.",
+  "激活码已被使用、已过期或被 SM-DP+ 拒绝，请更换新的 Matching ID。":
+    "The activation code has already been used, expired, or was rejected by SM-DP+. Please use a new Matching ID.",
+  "已发现该模组，但未找到 AT 串口：通常是 option 驱动未认该 PID 或模组处于 MBIM/RNDIS 组态。可 ":
+    "Modem detected, but no AT serial port found: option driver may not recognize this PID or modem is in MBIM/RNDIS mode. You can ",
 };
+

web/src/pages/LogsPage.tsx

@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ import { Switch } from "../components/ui/Switch";
 import { Select } from "../components/ui/Select";
 import { Input } from "../components/ui/Input";
 import { message } from "../components/ui/message";
+import { confirmDialog } from "../components/ui/MessageBox";
 import { LogRetentionCard } from "../components/logs/LogRetentionCard";
 
 const MAX_LOGS = 1000;
 
 type Level = "all" | "debug" | "info" | "warn" | "error";
+type Category = "all" | "hardware" | "network" | "vowifi" | "sms" | "call" | "operation" | "system";
 
 const LEVEL_OPTIONS: { value: Level; label: string }[] = [
   { value: "all", label: "全部" },
@@ -30,6 +32,17 @@ const LEVEL_OPTIONS: { value: Level; label: string }[] = [
   { value: "error", label: "ERROR" },
 ];
 
+const CATEGORY_OPTIONS: { value: Category; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: "all", label: "全部业务" },
+  { value: "hardware", label: "硬件与模块" },
+  { value: "network", label: "驻网" },
+  { value: "vowifi", label: "WiFi Calling" },
+  { value: "sms", label: "短信" },
+  { value: "call", label: "通话" },
+  { value: "operation", label: "用户操作" },
+  { value: "system", label: "系统错误" },
+];
+
 function levelColor(level: string): string {
   switch (level.toLowerCase()) {
     case "debug":
@@ -52,6 +65,42 @@ function fieldsText(fields: LogEntry["fields"]): string {
   return typeof fields === "string" ? fields : JSON.stringify(fields);
 }
 
+function logFields(entry: LogEntry): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return entry.fields && typeof entry.fields === "object" ? entry.fields : {};
+}
+
+function logCategory(entry: LogEntry): Exclude<Category, "all"> {
+  const explicit = String(logFields(entry).category ?? "").toLowerCase();
+  if (CATEGORY_OPTIONS.some((item) => item.value === explicit && item.value !== "all")) {
+    return explicit as Exclude<Category, "all">;
+  }
+  const text = `${entry.message} ${fieldsText(entry.fields)}`.toLowerCase();
+  if (/\bsms\b|短信|tpdu|rp-data|rpdu/.test(text)) return "sms";
+  if (/incoming call|\bcall\b|invite|来电|通话/.test(text)) return "call";
+  if (/vowifi|wi-?fi calling|\bims\b|\bike\b|epdg|ipsec/.test(text)) return "vowifi";
+  if (/registration|operator|network|驻网|注册网络/.test(text)) return "network";
+  if (/device|modem|hardware|sim|uicc|esim|qmi|串口|模块|设备/.test(text)) return "hardware";
+  if (/operation|audit|setting|操作/.test(text)) return "operation";
+  return "system";
+}
+
+function categoryColor(category: Exclude<Category, "all">): string {
+  switch (category) {
+    case "hardware": return "bg-cyan-500/15 text-cyan-300";
+    case "network": return "bg-emerald-500/15 text-emerald-300";
+    case "vowifi": return "bg-sky-500/15 text-sky-300";
+    case "sms": return "bg-violet-500/15 text-violet-300";
+    case "call": return "bg-pink-500/15 text-pink-300";
+    case "operation": return "bg-amber-500/15 text-amber-300";
+    default: return "bg-gray-500/20 text-gray-300";
+  }
+}
+
+function isHTTPAccessLog(entry: LogEntry): boolean {
+  return entry.message.trim().toLowerCase() === "http request" ||
+    String(logFields(entry).category ?? "").toLowerCase() === "http_access";
+}
+
 // Reference renders a fixed YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss timestamp.
 function displayTime(time: string): string {
   try {
@@ -71,8 +120,11 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
   const [paused, setPaused] = useState(false);
   const [autoTail, setAutoTail] = useState(true);
   const [level, setLevel] = useState<Level>("all");
+  const [category, setCategory] = useState<Category>("all");
   const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
   const [connError, setConnError] = useState("");
+  const [clearing, setClearing] = useState(false);
+  const [retentionRefreshKey, setRetentionRefreshKey] = useState(0);
 
   const esRef = useRef<EventSource | null>(null);
   const logContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
@@ -80,6 +132,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
   const levelRef = useRef<Level>("all");
 
   const appendLog = useCallback((entry: LogEntry) => {
+    if (isHTTPAccessLog(entry)) return;
     setLogs((prev) => {
       const next = [...prev, entry];
       return next.length > MAX_LOGS ? next.slice(-MAX_LOGS) : next;
@@ -118,7 +171,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
     try {
       const res = await api<LogEntry[] | { logs?: LogEntry[] }>("/logs/history?lines=500");
       const list = Array.isArray(res) ? res : (res?.logs ?? []);
-      setLogs(list.slice(-MAX_LOGS));
+      setLogs(list.filter((entry) => !isHTTPAccessLog(entry)).slice(-MAX_LOGS));
     } catch {
       /* 历史回填失败不阻塞实时流 */
     } finally {
@@ -164,13 +217,34 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
     }
   }, [connect]);
 
-  const clearLogs = useCallback(() => setLogs([]), []);
+  const clearLogs = useCallback(async () => {
+    const confirmed = await confirmDialog(
+      t("此操作会永久删除服务端保存的全部日志，无法恢复。"),
+      t("确认清空日志？"),
+      { type: "warning", confirmText: t("清空"), cancelText: t("取消") },
+    );
+    if (!confirmed) return;
+    setClearing(true);
+    try {
+      await api<{ cleared: boolean; deleted: number }>("/logs/history", { method: "DELETE" });
+      setLogs([]);
+      setRetentionRefreshKey((value) => value + 1);
+      message.success(t("日志已清空"));
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t("清空日志失败"));
+    } finally {
+      setClearing(false);
+    }
+  }, [t]);
 
   const filtered = useMemo(() => {
     let list = logs;
     if (level !== "all") {
       list = list.filter((e) => e.level.toLowerCase() === level.toLowerCase());
     }
+    if (category !== "all") {
+      list = list.filter((entry) => logCategory(entry) === category);
+    }
     if (search.trim()) {
       const q = search.toLowerCase();
       list = list.filter(
@@ -181,14 +255,14 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
       );
     }
     return list;
-  }, [logs, level, search]);
+  }, [logs, level, category, search]);
 
   const exportLogs = useCallback(() => {
     const text = filtered
       .map((v) => {
         const time = new Date(v.time).toLocaleString();
         const fields = v.fields ? ` ${fieldsText(v.fields)}` : "";
-        return `[${time}] ${v.level.toUpperCase().padEnd(5)} ${v.caller ?? ""} ${v.message}${fields}`;
+        return `[${time}] ${v.level.toUpperCase().padEnd(5)} [${logCategory(v)}] ${v.caller ?? ""} ${v.message}${fields}`;
       })
       .join("\n");
     const blob = new Blob([text], { type: "text/plain" });
@@ -204,8 +278,8 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
   return (
     <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto">
       <PageHeader
-        title={t("实时日志")}
+        title={t("设备与业务日志")}
-        subtitle={t("查看系统运行日志，支持过滤和搜索")}
+        subtitle={t("记录硬件、驻网、WiFi Calling、短信、通话和用户操作；敏感信息已自动打码")}
         actions={
           <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
             <Button
@@ -216,7 +290,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
             >
               {paused ? t("继续") : t("暂停")}
             </Button>
-            <Button onClick={clearLogs} className="!border-0 flex-1 justify-center sm:flex-none" icon={<DeleteRegular />}>
+            <Button loading={clearing} onClick={clearLogs} className="!border-0 flex-1 justify-center sm:flex-none" icon={<DeleteRegular />}>
               {t("清空")}
             </Button>
             <Button onClick={exportLogs} variant="primary" className="!border-0 flex-1 justify-center sm:flex-none" icon={<ArrowDownloadRegular />}>
@@ -255,6 +329,13 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
             className="w-full sm:w-40"
             options={LEVEL_OPTIONS.map((o) => ({ ...o, label: t(o.label) }))}
           />
+          <Select
+            value={category}
+            onChange={(v) => setCategory(v as Category)}
+            placeholder={t("业务分类")}
+            className="w-full sm:w-44"
+            options={CATEGORY_OPTIONS.map((o) => ({ ...o, label: t(o.label) }))}
+          />
           <Input
             value={search}
             onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
@@ -279,7 +360,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <LogRetentionCard />
+      <LogRetentionCard refreshKey={retentionRefreshKey} />
 
       <div className="ui-card overflow-hidden">
         <div
@@ -291,24 +372,30 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
               {loading ? t("等待日志...") : connected ? t("等待日志...") : t("未连接到日志流")}
             </div>
           ) : null}
-          {filtered.map((entry, i) => (
+          {filtered.map((entry, i) => {
-            <div key={i} className="py-0.5 hover:bg-white/5 px-2 -mx-2 rounded whitespace-nowrap">
+            const entryCategory = logCategory(entry);
+            const fields = logFields(entry);
+            const hasRawError = fields.raw_error !== undefined || fields.error !== undefined || fields.raw_response !== undefined;
+            return (
+              <div key={`${entry.time}-${i}`} className="border-b border-white/5 px-2 py-2 -mx-2 last:border-0 hover:bg-white/5">
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-2 gap-y-1">
                   <span className="text-gray-500">[{displayTime(entry.time)}]</span>
-              <span className={cx("font-bold ml-1.5", levelColor(entry.level))}>
+                  <span className={cx("font-bold", levelColor(entry.level))}>{entry.level.toUpperCase()}</span>
-                {entry.level.toUpperCase()}
+                  <span className={cx("rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[11px]", categoryColor(entryCategory))}>
+                    {t(CATEGORY_OPTIONS.find((item) => item.value === entryCategory)?.label ?? "系统错误")}
                   </span>
-              <span
+                  {entry.caller ? <span className="max-w-48 truncate text-indigo-400" title={entry.caller}>{entry.caller}</span> : null}
-                className="text-indigo-400 inline-block max-w-48 truncate align-bottom ml-1.5"
+                  <span className="break-words text-gray-100">{entry.message}</span>
-                title={entry.caller ?? ""}
+                </div>
-              >
-                {entry.caller ?? ""}
-              </span>
-              <span className="text-gray-100 ml-1.5">{entry.message}</span>
                 {entry.fields ? (
-                <span className="text-amber-300/70 ml-1.5">{fieldsText(entry.fields)}</span>
+                  <pre className={cx(
+                    "mt-1 whitespace-pre-wrap break-all pl-2 text-xs leading-5",
+                    hasRawError ? "border-l-2 border-red-500/60 text-red-200" : "text-amber-300/70",
+                  )}>{typeof entry.fields === "string" ? entry.fields : JSON.stringify(entry.fields, null, 2)}</pre>
                 ) : null}
               </div>
-          ))}
+            );
+          })}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>

web/src/pages/SmsPage.tsx

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
   const selectContact = useCallback(
     async (key: string, opts: { syncRoute?: boolean; silent?: boolean; scrollToBottom?: boolean } = {}) => {
       const { syncRoute = true, silent = false, scrollToBottom = true } = opts;
-      if (!key || (keyRef.current === key && messagesRef.current.length > 0)) return;
+      if (!key) return;
       setKey(key);
       if (syncRoute) syncQuery(deviceRef.current, key);
       const thread = contactsRef.current.find((t) => t.key === key) || null;
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
       contactsList: SmsThread[],
       opts: { syncRoute?: boolean; silent?: boolean; scrollToBottom?: boolean } = {},
     ) => {
-      const { syncRoute = false, silent = false, scrollToBottom = false } = opts;
+      const { silent = false, scrollToBottom = false } = opts;
-      const active = contactsList.find((t) => t.key === keyRef.current) || null;
+      const active = (keyRef.current && contactsList.find((t) => t.key === keyRef.current)) || null;
       if (active) {
         const ok = await loadThreadFor(active, device, silent);
         if (ok) {
@@ -350,16 +350,8 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
       }
       setMessagesState([]);
       setHasMoreState(false);
-      if (keyRef.current) {
-        setKey("");
-        if (syncRoute) syncQuery(device, "");
-      }
-      const filtered = filterThreads(contactsList, searchRef.current);
-      if (!isMobileRef.current && filtered.length > 0) {
-        await selectContact(filtered[0].key, { syncRoute, silent, scrollToBottom });
-      }
     },
-    [loadThreadFor, selectContact, syncQuery, scrollToBottomNow],
+    [loadThreadFor, scrollToBottomNow],
   );
 
   const clearSelection = useCallback(
@@ -479,7 +471,7 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
     } finally {
       setSending(false);
     }
-  }, [composer, devices, refreshCurrent, scrollToBottomNow]);
+  }, [composer, devices, refreshCurrent, scrollToBottomNow, t]);
 
   const openNewSms = useCallback(() => {
     setNewSmsDevice(deviceRef.current !== "all" ? deviceRef.current : devices[0]?.id || "");
@@ -506,7 +498,7 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
         setSending(false);
       }
     },
-    [refreshCurrent],
+    [refreshCurrent, t],
   );
 
   const deleteMessageAction = useCallback(
@@ -530,7 +522,7 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
         setDeletingMessageId(null);
       }
     },
-    [deletingMessageId, refreshCurrent, clearSelection],
+    [deletingMessageId, refreshCurrent, clearSelection, t],
   );
 
   const deleteThreadAction = useCallback(
@@ -560,7 +552,7 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
         setDeletingThreadKey(null);
       }
     },
-    [deletingThreadKey, clearSelection, loadContacts],
+    [deletingThreadKey, clearSelection, loadContacts, lang],
   );
 
   const closeActionSheet = useCallback(() => {
@@ -622,16 +614,6 @@ export default function SmsPage() {
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
   }, []);
 
-  const prevIsMobile = useRef(isMobile);
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const was = prevIsMobile.current;
-    prevIsMobile.current = isMobile;
-    if (was && !isMobile && !keyRef.current) {
-      const filtered = filterThreads(contactsRef.current, searchRef.current);
-      if (filtered.length > 0) void selectContact(filtered[0].key, { syncRoute: true, scrollToBottom: false });
-    }
-  }, [isMobile, selectContact]);
-
   useEffect(() => () => clearLongPress(), [clearLongPress]);
 
   return (

web/src/types.ts

@@ -432,12 +432,13 @@ export interface SecuritySettings {
   clientAllowed: boolean;
 }
 
-// 运行日志保留策略：默认不限制，可按条数或天数限制。
+// 运行日志保留策略：全局硬上限 10000 条，可配置更严格的条数或天数限制。
 export interface LoggingSettings {
   mode: "unlimited" | "count" | "days";
   count: number;
   days: number;
   storedLogs: number;
+  maxLogs: number;
 }
 
 export interface SystemInfo {

web/test/automaticTaskProfiles.test.mjs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const {
 } = await import(moduleURL);
 
 test("uses the current physical SIM when the device has no eSIM profiles", () => {
-  const iccid = "89441000400128014257";
+  const iccid = "8944100000000000001";
 
   assert.deepEqual(buildAutomaticTaskProfileOptions([], iccid, "Current SIM"), [
     {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test("uses the current physical SIM when the device has no eSIM profiles", () =>
 });
 
 test("does not duplicate the current SIM when it is already in the eSIM inventory", () => {
-  const iccid = "89441000400128014257";
+  const iccid = "8944100000000000001";
 
   assert.deepEqual(
     buildAutomaticTaskProfileOptions(
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ test("does not duplicate the current SIM when it is already in the eSIM inventor
 });
 
 test("does not replace a saved profile when a failed inventory only exposes the current SIM", () => {
-  const currentICCID = "89441000400128014257";
+  const currentICCID = "8944100000000000001";
   const savedICCID = "89104100000028106378";
   const options = buildAutomaticTaskProfileOptions([], currentICCID, "Current SIM");