Stabilize OpenWrt modem startup and upgrades

build(deps): bump golang.org/x/crypto from 0.41.0 to 0.52.0 in the go_modules group across 1 directory

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -110,6 +110,14 @@ jobs:
             -o "$OUTPUT" \
             ./cmd/vocat
           chmod 0755 "$OUTPUT"
+          if readelf -l "$OUTPUT" | grep -q 'Requesting program interpreter'; then
+            echo "ERROR: $OUTPUT unexpectedly requires a dynamic loader" >&2
+            readelf -l "$OUTPUT" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ matrix.goarch }}" = "amd64" ]; then
+            "$OUTPUT" version
+          fi
       - name: Upload ${{ matrix.target }}
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:

.gitignore

@@ -55,3 +55,4 @@ Thumbs.db
 
 # ---- Claude Code / agent ----
 .claude/
+.worktrees/

README.md

@@ -65,10 +65,24 @@ Available features depend on the module firmware, USB composition, SIM/eSIM capa
 
 ### One-click Linux installation
 
+As root (including OpenWrt/Kwrt, where `sudo` is normally absent):
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/install.sh | bash
+```
+
+From a normal user on a distribution with sudo:
+
 ```bash
 curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/install.sh | sudo bash
 ```
 
+Check the host's VoWiFi/XFRM prerequisites without installing VoCat:
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/install.sh | bash -s -- --check-env
+```
+
 Install a specific version:
 
 ```bash
@@ -76,6 +90,12 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/i
 sudo bash install.sh 0.0.2
 ```
 
+VoWiFi IMS requires Linux XFRM/IPsec. On OpenWrt/Kwrt the installer attempts
+to install matching `ip-full`, `kmod-ipsec`, `kmod-ipsec4/6`,
+`kmod-crypto-authenc`, AES-CBC and SHA1 packages from the firmware's own feed.
+If matching kernel modules are unavailable, use a firmware that includes them;
+never force-install kmods built for a different kernel.
+
 The installer:
 
 - detects `amd64`, `386`, `arm64`, `aarch64`, or `armv7`;
@@ -305,6 +325,16 @@ cd web && npm run build
 - [Linux.do](https://linux.do) — An inspiring tech community
 - [iniwex5](https://github.com/iniwex5) - Style and Functionality Guidelines
 
+## Buy me a coffee
+
+| Network | Address |
+| ------- | ------- |
+| USDT-TRON (TRC20) | `TQQAbboBoU8h5xX4YCA1rqWJU2WjK3seSg` |
+| USDT-BSC (BEP20) | `0xdbfcd4a462550d6ff06d09cbd89026c6b145d9c4` |
+| USDT-Polygon | `0xdbfcd4a462550d6ff06d09cbd89026c6b145d9c4` |
+
 ## License
 
 See [LICENSE](LICENSE).
+
+[![MengMengCode/VoCat Star History](https://mengmeng.meteor-history.com/api/embed/MengMengCode/VoCat.svg?sig=sdeXRVxAoY3yLWgXL7JViY2USYIN3t9neJ6ScPvgUAo&theme=light&style=xkcd&color=dd4528&background=ffffff&textColor=000000&width=900&height=600&lineWidth=3&showTitle=true&showLegend=true&showDots=false&v=0.0.14)](https://meteor-history.com)

cmd/vocat/cli.go

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ Usage:
                        GITHUB_TOKEN      Optional bearer token for private repos
                                          or higher rate limits.
   vocat menu         Interactive lifecycle menu (root on the host):
-                       toggle language, change password, restart, update,
-                       uninstall.
+                       toggle language, change password, change the Web port,
+                       restart, update, uninstall.
   vocat help         Show this help message.
 
 When run without a subcommand on a non-TTY (e.g. systemd), vocat starts the

cmd/vocat/instance_lock_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func lockServerInstance(databasePath string) (*os.File, error) {
+	// The modem, PC/SC reader, XFRM policies and listener are host resources,
+	// not database resources. Lock per OS user so a diagnostic instance using a
+	// different VOCAT_DATABASE_PATH cannot silently steal the same AT port from
+	// the managed service. Prefer /run because systemd's PrivateTmp would
+	// otherwise hide the managed service's lock from a manually started process.
+	// The UID-specific directory still permits intentionally isolated users to
+	// operate independently; development hosts without writable /run fall back
+	// to TempDir.
+	uid := os.Geteuid()
+	directory := filepath.Join("/run", fmt.Sprintf("vocat-%d", uid))
+	if uid == 0 {
+		directory = "/run/vocat"
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(directory, 0o700); err != nil {
+		directory = os.TempDir()
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(directory, "vocat-server.lock")
+	fd, err := unix.Open(path, unix.O_CREAT|unix.O_RDWR|unix.O_CLOEXEC|unix.O_NOFOLLOW, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open server instance lock: %w", err)
+	}
+	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), path)
+	if err := unix.Flock(fd, unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB); err != nil {
+		_ = file.Close()
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EWOULDBLOCK) || errors.Is(err, unix.EAGAIN) {
+			return nil, errors.New("another vocat server already controls this host's modem resources")
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lock server instance: %w", err)
+	}
+	return file, nil
+}

cmd/vocat/instance_lock_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestServerInstanceLockRejectsSecondProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	firstDatabase := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "vocat.db")
+	first, err := lockServerInstance(firstDatabase)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer first.Close()
+	secondDatabase := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "other.db")
+	second, err := lockServerInstance(secondDatabase)
+	if second != nil {
+		second.Close()
+	}
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "already controls this host") {
+		t.Fatalf("second lock error = %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/vocat/instance_lock_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+func lockServerInstance(databasePath string) (*os.File, error) {
+	return os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(databasePath), ".vocat.lock"), os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0o600)
+}

cmd/vocat/main.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"vocat/internal/extensions"
 	"vocat/internal/httpsmode"
 	"vocat/internal/loghub"
+	"vocat/internal/pcsc"
 	"vocat/internal/server"
 	"vocat/internal/store"
 	"vocat/internal/update"
@@ -111,6 +112,11 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("load configuration: %w", err)
 	}
+	instanceLock, err := lockServerInstance(cfg.DatabasePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer instanceLock.Close()
 	if cfg.UsesDefaultCredentials() {
 		logger.Warn(
 			"default admin credentials are active; set VOCAT_ADMIN_PASSWORD before exposing the service",
@@ -184,7 +190,8 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	deviceManager, err := device.NewManager(device.Options{})
+	cardReaders := pcsc.New()
+	deviceManager, err := device.NewManager(device.Options{CardReaders: cardReaders})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create device manager: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -220,6 +227,7 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 		logger,
 		database,
 		deviceManager,
+		cardReaders,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("configure VoWiFi runtime: %w", err)
@@ -362,6 +370,12 @@ func configureDeviceBackends(
 		if mapErr != nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+			if err := manager.SetSIMPin(entry.ID, config.SIMPIN); err != nil {
+				logger.Warn("configure USB SIM reader", "device_id", config.ID, "error", err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
 		if err := manager.SetBackend(entry.ID, config.DeviceBackend); err != nil {
 			logger.Warn("configure device backend", "device_id", config.ID, "backend", config.DeviceBackend, "error", err)
 		}
@@ -384,6 +398,9 @@ func restoreDefaultCellularRadios(
 	}
 	mapper := integration.ATMapper{Store: database, Devices: manager}
 	for _, config := range configs {
+		if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+			continue
+		}
 		if config.VoWiFiEnabled {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -431,6 +448,9 @@ func restoreConfiguredCellularData(
 	}
 	mapper := integration.ATMapper{Store: database, Devices: manager}
 	for _, config := range configs {
+		if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !config.NetworkEnabled || config.VoWiFiEnabled {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -438,13 +458,31 @@ func restoreConfiguredCellularData(
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		dataContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 60*time.Second)
-		_, err = manager.SetNetwork(dataContext, entry.ID, device.NetworkRequest{
+		networkRequest := device.NetworkRequest{
 			Enabled: true, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Backend: config.DeviceBackend,
-		})
+		}
+		if entry.Snapshot != nil {
+			iccid := strings.TrimSpace(entry.Snapshot.ICCID)
+			if policy, policyErr := database.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid); policyErr == nil {
+				networkRequest.APN = policy.APN
+				if policy.IPVersion != "" {
+					networkRequest.IPVersion = policy.IPVersion
+				}
+				if profile, profileErr := database.CardAPNProfileByAPN(ctx, iccid, policy.APN, policy.IPVersion); profileErr == nil {
+					networkRequest.Username = profile.Username
+					networkRequest.Password = profile.Password
+					networkRequest.Authentication = profile.AuthType
+					if entry.Snapshot.RegistrationStatus == 5 && profile.RoamingIPVersion != "" {
+						networkRequest.IPVersion = profile.RoamingIPVersion
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		dataContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 60*time.Second)
+		_, err = manager.SetNetwork(dataContext, entry.ID, networkRequest)
 		cancel()
 		if err != nil {
-			logger.Warn("startup cellular data recovery failed", "device_id", config.ID, "error", err)
+			logger.Warn("startup cellular data recovery failed", "device_id", config.ID)
 			continue
 		}
 		logger.Info("restored protected cellular data route", "device_id", config.ID, "interface", config.Interface)
@@ -464,6 +502,9 @@ func disableAllDeveloperCellularData(
 	}
 	mapper := integration.ATMapper{Store: database, Devices: manager}
 	for _, config := range configs {
+		if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+			continue
+		}
 		entry, err := mapper.Get(config.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
@@ -472,7 +513,7 @@ func disableAllDeveloperCellularData(
 		_, err = manager.SetNetwork(disableContext, entry.ID, device.NetworkRequest{Enabled: false, Backend: config.DeviceBackend})
 		cancel()
 		if err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
-			logger.Warn("developer cleanup: stop cellular data", "device_id", config.ID, "error", err)
+			logger.Warn("developer cleanup: stop cellular data", "device_id", config.ID)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -518,12 +559,13 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 	logger *slog.Logger,
 	database *store.Store,
 	deviceManager *device.Manager,
+	cardReaders *pcsc.Service,
 ) (*vowifiruntime.Manager, error) {
 	mapper := integration.ATMapper{
 		Store:   database,
 		Devices: deviceManager,
 	}
-	adapter, err := vowifi.NewEC20Adapter(mapper, vowifi.EC20AdapterOptions{
+	ec20Adapter, err := vowifi.NewEC20Adapter(mapper, vowifi.EC20AdapterOptions{
 		// The test deployment is deliberately non-cellular. VoWiFi teardown
 		// may restore CFUN, but it must never reactivate a PDP context.
 		RestoreCellularData: false,
@@ -538,6 +580,16 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	pcscAdapter, err := vowifi.NewPCSCAdapter(cardReaders, func(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (pcsc.Selector, string, error) {
+		config, resolveErr := database.Device(ctx, strings.TrimSpace(deviceID))
+		if resolveErr != nil {
+			return pcsc.Selector{}, "", resolveErr
+		}
+		return pcsc.Selector{USBPath: config.USBPath, ReaderName: config.ControlDevice}, config.SIMPIN, nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	projector := integration.StateProjector{
 		Store:   database,
 		Devices: mapper,
@@ -550,6 +602,10 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("load device %q VoWiFi config: %w", deviceID, err)
 			}
+			adapter := vowifiDeviceAdapter(ec20Adapter)
+			if deviceConfig.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+				adapter = pcscAdapter
+			}
 			return newVoWiFiOrchestrator(deviceConfig, database, adapter)
 		},
 	})
@@ -566,12 +622,18 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 		}
 		if deviceConfig.VoWiFiEnabled {
 			if entry, mapErr := mapper.Get(deviceConfig.ID); mapErr == nil {
-				flightContext, cancelFlight := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
-				_, flightErr := deviceManager.SetFlight(flightContext, entry.ID, true)
-				cancelFlight()
+				flightErr := protectVoWiFiStartupRadio(ctx, deviceManager, entry.ID)
 				if flightErr != nil {
-					_ = manager.Close(context.Background())
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("protect device %q before VoWiFi startup: %w", deviceConfig.ID, flightErr)
+					// A modem can be temporarily unavailable while OpenWrt/procd is
+					// restarting the service (notably after loading XFRM modules). Do
+					// not take the Web/API service down with it: the orchestrator below
+					// remains fail-closed and its runtime manager retries until CFUN=4
+					// can be established.
+					logger.Warn(
+						"VoWiFi startup radio protection deferred to automatic retry",
+						"device_id", deviceConfig.ID,
+						"error", flightErr,
+					)
 				}
 			}
 			if _, err := manager.RequestEnabled(deviceConfig.ID, true); err != nil {
@@ -583,10 +645,66 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 	return manager, nil
 }
 
+const (
+	vowifiStartupRadioAttempts = 3
+	vowifiStartupRadioDelay    = time.Second
+)
+
+type flightModeSetter interface {
+	SetFlight(context.Context, string, bool) (device.FlightResult, error)
+}
+
+func protectVoWiFiStartupRadio(ctx context.Context, manager flightModeSetter, physicalID string) error {
+	return protectVoWiFiStartupRadioWithRetry(
+		ctx,
+		manager,
+		physicalID,
+		vowifiStartupRadioAttempts,
+		vowifiStartupRadioDelay,
+	)
+}
+
+func protectVoWiFiStartupRadioWithRetry(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	manager flightModeSetter,
+	physicalID string,
+	attempts int,
+	delay time.Duration,
+) error {
+	var lastErr error
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < attempts; attempt++ {
+		flightContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+		_, lastErr = manager.SetFlight(flightContext, physicalID, true)
+		cancel()
+		if lastErr == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if attempt+1 == attempts {
+			break
+		}
+		timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if !timer.Stop() {
+				<-timer.C
+			}
+			return errors.Join(lastErr, ctx.Err())
+		case <-timer.C:
+		}
+	}
+	return lastErr
+}
+
+type vowifiDeviceAdapter interface {
+	vowifi.SIMIdentityReader
+	vowifi.AKAProvider
+	vowifi.RadioController
+}
+
 func newVoWiFiOrchestrator(
 	deviceConfig store.Device,
 	database *store.Store,
-	adapter *vowifi.EC20Adapter,
+	adapter vowifiDeviceAdapter,
 ) (*vowifi.Orchestrator, error) {
 	apn := deviceConfig.APN
 	if apn == "" {
@@ -716,9 +834,18 @@ func provisionDiscoveredDevices(
 		candidate := discovered.Candidate
 		backend := "at"
 		control := candidate.ATPort.OpenPath()
+		deviceType := store.DeviceTypePCIeEC20EC25
+		esimTransport := backend
 		if candidate.QMIControl != "" {
 			backend = "qmi"
 			control = candidate.QMIControl
+			esimTransport = backend
+		}
+		if candidate.HardwareKind == pcsc.HardwareKind {
+			backend = "pcsc"
+			control = candidate.ReaderName
+			deviceType = store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader
+			esimTransport = "pcsc"
 		}
 		name := candidate.Product
 		if name == "" || strings.EqualFold(name, "Android") {
@@ -727,6 +854,7 @@ func provisionDiscoveredDevices(
 		if err := database.UpsertDevice(ctx, store.Device{
 			ID:             discovered.ID,
 			Name:           name,
+			DeviceType:     deviceType,
 			Interface:      candidate.NetworkInterface,
 			ControlDevice:  control,
 			ATPort:         candidate.ATPort.OpenPath(),
@@ -737,7 +865,7 @@ func provisionDiscoveredDevices(
 			StopBits:       1,
 			Parity:         "none",
 			DeviceBackend:  backend,
-			ESIMTransport:  backend,
+			ESIMTransport:  esimTransport,
 			NetworkEnabled: false,
 			SMSEnabled:     true,
 			VoWiFiEnabled:  true,
@@ -866,7 +994,7 @@ func enforceDefaultSafeCardPolicy(
 		return
 	}
 	iccid := strings.TrimSpace(snapshot.ICCID)
-	if _, err := database.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid); err == nil && !snapshot.SIMChanged {
+	if _, err := database.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid); err == nil {
 		return
 	} else if !errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
 		logger.Warn("default card policy: read policy", "iccid", iccid, "error", err)
@@ -913,6 +1041,7 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 	manager *device.Manager,
 	vowifiManager *vowifiruntime.Manager,
 ) {
+	observedCards := make(map[string]string)
 	reconcile := func() {
 		policies, policyListErr := database.ListCardPolicies(ctx)
 		if policyListErr == nil {
@@ -935,12 +1064,26 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 		for _, config := range configs {
 			entry, mapErr := mapper.Get(config.ID)
 			if mapErr != nil || entry.Snapshot == nil {
+				if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader && observedCards[config.ID] != "missing" {
+					if state, stateErr := vowifiManager.State(config.ID); stateErr == nil && state.ICCID != "" {
+						_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestReconnect(config.ID)
+					}
+					observedCards[config.ID] = "missing"
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			iccid := strings.TrimSpace(entry.Snapshot.ICCID)
 			if iccid == "" {
+				if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader && observedCards[config.ID] != "missing" {
+					if state, stateErr := vowifiManager.State(config.ID); stateErr == nil && state.ICCID != "" {
+						_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestReconnect(config.ID)
+					}
+					observedCards[config.ID] = "missing"
+				}
 				continue
 			}
+			previousObserved := observedCards[config.ID]
+			observedCards[config.ID] = iccid
 			policy, policyErr := database.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid)
 			if policyErr != nil {
 				continue
@@ -953,11 +1096,19 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 					continue
 				}
 			}
+			deviceChanged := false
 			if config.VoWiFiEnabled != policy.VoWiFiEnabled || (policy.VoWiFiEnabled && config.NetworkEnabled) {
 				config.VoWiFiEnabled = policy.VoWiFiEnabled
 				if policy.VoWiFiEnabled {
 					config.NetworkEnabled = false
 				}
+				deviceChanged = true
+			}
+			if config.APN != strings.TrimSpace(policy.APN) {
+				config.APN = strings.TrimSpace(policy.APN)
+				deviceChanged = true
+			}
+			if deviceChanged {
 				if err := database.UpsertDevice(ctx, config); err != nil {
 					logger.Warn("reconcile card policy: update device", "device_id", config.ID, "error", err)
 					continue
@@ -975,6 +1126,8 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestEnabled(config.ID, true)
 				case state.ICCID != "" && !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(state.ICCID), iccid):
 					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestReconnect(config.ID)
+				case config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader && previousObserved == "missing":
+					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestReconnect(config.ID)
 				}
 				continue
 			}
@@ -1044,15 +1197,18 @@ func enforceCardRegion(
 			}
 		}
 		if snapshot.ICCID != "" {
-			policy := store.CardPolicy{
-				ICCID:           snapshot.ICCID,
-				NetworkEnabled:  false,
-				VoWiFiEnabled:   false,
-				AirplaneEnabled: true,
-				IPVersion:       "IPV4V6",
-				Source:          cardPolicySourceRegionBlock,
+			policy, policyErr := database.CardPolicy(ctx, snapshot.ICCID)
+			if errors.Is(policyErr, store.ErrNotFound) {
+				policy = store.CardPolicy{ICCID: snapshot.ICCID, IPVersion: "IPV4V6"}
+				policyErr = nil
 			}
-			if err := database.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+			policy.NetworkEnabled = false
+			policy.VoWiFiEnabled = false
+			policy.AirplaneEnabled = true
+			policy.Source = cardPolicySourceRegionBlock
+			if policyErr != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				logger.Warn("region block: failed to read card policy", "device_id", id, "iccid", snapshot.ICCID, "error", policyErr)
+			} else if err := database.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
 				logger.Warn(
 					"region block: failed to persist card policy",
 					"device_id", id, "iccid", snapshot.ICCID, "error", err,

cmd/vocat/menu.go

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -25,6 +27,11 @@ import (
 // rewrite it or the next restart reverts the password.
 const envFilePath = "/etc/vocat/env"
 
+// legacyEnvFilePath was used by the standalone deploy/vocat.service. Keep it
+// discoverable so the menu works on installations made before the installer
+// and service template converged on /etc/vocat/env.
+const legacyEnvFilePath = "/etc/vocat/vocat.env"
+
 const systemdUnitPath = "/etc/systemd/system/vocat.service"
 
 // defaultDatabasePath is the install-default SQLite location written into the
@@ -50,7 +57,7 @@ func loadMenuEnv() {
 	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("VOCAT_DATABASE_PATH"); !ok {
 		_ = os.Setenv("VOCAT_DATABASE_PATH", defaultDatabasePath)
 	}
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(envFilePath); err == nil {
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(menuEnvFilePath()); err == nil {
 		for _, line := range strings.Split(string(data), "\n") {
 			line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
 			if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
@@ -69,10 +76,20 @@ func loadMenuEnv() {
 	}
 }
 
+func menuEnvFilePath() string {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(envFilePath); err == nil {
+		return envFilePath
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(legacyEnvFilePath); err == nil {
+		return legacyEnvFilePath
+	}
+	return envFilePath
+}
+
 // runMenu is the interactive lifecycle menu: toggle language, change password,
-// restart the systemd unit, self-update, or fully uninstall vocat. It must run
-// as root on the host (needs systemctl + the 0600 env file). Docker deployments
-// do not use it.
+// change the Web listener port, restart the systemd unit, self-update, or fully
+// uninstall vocat. It must run as root on the host (needs systemctl + the 0600
+// env file). Docker deployments do not use it.
 func runMenu(logger *slog.Logger) error {
 	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
 		return errors.New("vocat menu must run as root (needs systemctl and /etc/vocat/env)")
@@ -113,10 +130,14 @@ func runMenu(logger *slog.Logger) error {
 				fmt.Println(menu.errorPrefix(err))
 			}
 		case "3":
-			if err := menuRestart(menu); err != nil {
+			if err := menuChangeWebPort(reader, menu); err != nil {
 				fmt.Println(menu.errorPrefix(err))
 			}
 		case "4":
+			if err := menuRestart(menu); err != nil {
+				fmt.Println(menu.errorPrefix(err))
+			}
+		case "5":
 			if err := menuUpdate(menu, logger); err != nil {
 				fmt.Println(menu.errorPrefix(err))
 			}
@@ -242,9 +263,18 @@ func readPasswordMasked() (string, error) {
 // the temp file lives in the same directory so os.Rename stays on one
 // filesystem.
 func rewriteEnvPassword(newPassword string) error {
-	const key = "VOCAT_ADMIN_PASSWORD="
+	return rewriteEnvValue(menuEnvFilePath(), "VOCAT_ADMIN_PASSWORD", newPassword)
+}
+
+// rewriteEnvValue replaces or appends one systemd EnvironmentFile value. The
+// write is atomic and rejects line breaks so one setting cannot inject another.
+func rewriteEnvValue(path, name, value string) error {
+	if name == "" || strings.ContainsAny(name, "=\r\n\x00") || strings.ContainsAny(value, "\r\n\x00") {
+		return errors.New("invalid environment setting")
+	}
+	key := name + "="
 	var lines []string
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(envFilePath); err == nil {
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil {
 		lines = strings.Split(string(data), "\n")
 	} else if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		return err
@@ -253,27 +283,34 @@ func rewriteEnvPassword(newPassword string) error {
 	replaced := false
 	for i, line := range lines {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(line, key) {
-			lines[i] = key + newPassword
+			lines[i] = key + value
 			replaced = true
 			break
 		}
 	}
 	if !replaced {
-		lines = append(lines, key+newPassword)
+		lines = append(lines, key+value)
 	}
 	content := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(content, "\n") {
 		content += "\n"
 	}
+	return writeEnvFileAtomic(path, []byte(content))
+}
 
-	dir := envFilePath[:strings.LastIndex(envFilePath, "/")]
+func writeEnvFileAtomic(path string, content []byte) error {
+	dirIndex := strings.LastIndexAny(path, "/\\")
+	if dirIndex < 0 {
+		return errors.New("environment file path has no directory")
+	}
+	dir := path[:dirIndex]
 	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".vocat-env-*")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	tmpName := tmp.Name()
 	defer os.Remove(tmpName)
-	if _, err := tmp.WriteString(content); err != nil {
+	if _, err := tmp.Write(content); err != nil {
 		_ = tmp.Close()
 		return err
 	}
@@ -284,7 +321,125 @@ func rewriteEnvPassword(newPassword string) error {
 	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return os.Rename(tmpName, envFilePath)
+	return os.Rename(tmpName, path)
+}
+
+func menuChangeWebPort(reader *bufio.Reader, m *menu) error {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("systemctl"); err != nil {
+		return errNoSystemctl
+	}
+	cfg, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errMenuConfig, err)
+	}
+	_, currentPortText, err := net.SplitHostPort(strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Address))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errMenuConfig, err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(m.currentWebAddress(cfg.Address))
+	fmt.Println(m.reverseProxyNotice())
+	fmt.Print(m.newWebPort(currentPortText))
+	line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read Web port: %w", err)
+	}
+	portText := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+	if portText == "" {
+		fmt.Println(m.webPortCancelled())
+		return nil
+	}
+	newAddress, newPort, err := webAddressWithPort(cfg.Address, portText)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errInvalidWebPort
+	}
+	currentPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(currentPortText)
+	if newPort == currentPort {
+		fmt.Println(m.webPortUnchanged())
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", newAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errWebPortUnavailable, err)
+	}
+	_ = listener.Close()
+
+	environmentPath := menuEnvFilePath()
+	original, readErr := os.ReadFile(environmentPath)
+	originalExisted := readErr == nil
+	if readErr != nil && !errors.Is(readErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errMenuPortWrite, readErr)
+	}
+	if err := rewriteEnvValue(environmentPath, "VOCAT_ADDR", newAddress); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errMenuPortWrite, err)
+	}
+	if err := restartVocatService(); err != nil {
+		rollbackErr := restoreMenuEnvFile(environmentPath, original, originalExisted)
+		_ = restartVocatService()
+		if rollbackErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v; rollback failed: %v", errRestartFailed, err, rollbackErr)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errRestartFailed, err)
+	}
+	if err := waitForWebListener(newAddress, 5*time.Second); err != nil {
+		rollbackErr := restoreMenuEnvFile(environmentPath, original, originalExisted)
+		_ = restartVocatService()
+		if rollbackErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v; rollback failed: %v", errRestartFailed, err, rollbackErr)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errRestartFailed, err)
+	}
+	_ = os.Setenv("VOCAT_ADDR", newAddress)
+	fmt.Println(m.webPortChanged(newAddress))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func webAddressWithPort(address, portText string) (string, int, error) {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(strings.TrimSpace(address))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0, err
+	}
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(portText))
+	if err != nil || port < 1 || port > 65535 {
+		return "", 0, errInvalidWebPort
+	}
+	return net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port)), port, nil
+}
+
+func waitForWebListener(address string, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	switch host {
+	case "", "0.0.0.0":
+		host = "127.0.0.1"
+	case "::":
+		host = "::1"
+	}
+	target := net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	var lastErr error
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		connection, dialErr := net.DialTimeout("tcp", target, 500*time.Millisecond)
+		if dialErr == nil {
+			_ = connection.Close()
+			return nil
+		}
+		lastErr = dialErr
+		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("Web listener %s did not become reachable: %w", target, lastErr)
+}
+
+func restoreMenuEnvFile(path string, content []byte, existed bool) error {
+	if existed {
+		return writeEnvFileAtomic(path, content)
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // menuToggleLanguage flips the persisted language preference between "zh" and
@@ -327,6 +482,14 @@ func menuToggleLanguage(m *menu, logger *slog.Logger) error {
 }
 
 func menuRestart(m *menu) error {
+	if err := restartVocatService(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Println(m.restarted())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func restartVocatService() error {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("systemctl"); err != nil {
 		return errNoSystemctl
 	}
@@ -334,7 +497,9 @@ func menuRestart(m *menu) error {
 	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errRestartFailed, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
 	}
-	fmt.Println(m.restarted())
+	if out, err := exec.Command("systemctl", "is-active", "--quiet", "vocat").CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: service is not active: %s", errRestartFailed, strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -378,6 +543,7 @@ func menuUninstall(reader *bufio.Reader, m *menu) error {
 	_ = os.Remove(systemdUnitPath)
 	_ = os.RemoveAll("/opt/vocat")
 	_ = os.Remove(envFilePath)
+	_ = os.Remove(legacyEnvFilePath)
 	_ = os.Remove("/etc/vocat") // succeeds only when empty
 	runIgnore("systemctl", "daemon-reload")
 	runIgnore("userdel", "vocat")
@@ -388,15 +554,18 @@ func menuUninstall(reader *bufio.Reader, m *menu) error {
 
 // menu-local sentinel errors so callers can map them to localized messages.
 var (
-	errCurrentWrong    = errors.New("menu: current password is incorrect")
-	errPasswordsDiffer = errors.New("menu: passwords do not match")
-	errNoSystemctl     = errors.New("menu: systemctl not found")
-	errRestartFailed   = errors.New("menu: restart failed")
-	errUpdateFailed    = errors.New("menu: update failed")
-	errMenuConfig      = errors.New("menu: load configuration")
-	errMenuStore       = errors.New("menu: open database")
-	errMenuAuth        = errors.New("menu: auth service")
-	errMenuEnvWrite    = errors.New("menu: write env file")
+	errCurrentWrong       = errors.New("menu: current password is incorrect")
+	errPasswordsDiffer    = errors.New("menu: passwords do not match")
+	errNoSystemctl        = errors.New("menu: systemctl not found")
+	errRestartFailed      = errors.New("menu: restart failed")
+	errUpdateFailed       = errors.New("menu: update failed")
+	errMenuConfig         = errors.New("menu: load configuration")
+	errMenuStore          = errors.New("menu: open database")
+	errMenuAuth           = errors.New("menu: auth service")
+	errMenuEnvWrite       = errors.New("menu: write env file")
+	errMenuPortWrite      = errors.New("menu: write Web port")
+	errInvalidWebPort     = errors.New("menu: invalid Web port")
+	errWebPortUnavailable = errors.New("menu: Web port unavailable")
 )
 
 // ---- i18n ----
@@ -409,18 +578,28 @@ func newMenu(lang string) *menu { return &menu{lang: lang} }
 func (m *menu) msg(key string) string {
 	const zh, en = 0, 1
 	table := map[string][2]string{
-		"title":        {"vocat 管理菜单", "vocat management menu"},
-		"opt_lang":     {"1) 切换中英文", "1) Toggle language"},
-		"opt_change":   {"2) 修改账号密码", "2) Change admin password"},
-		"opt_restart":  {"3) 重启软件", "3) Restart software"},
-		"opt_update":   {"4) 更新软件", "4) Update software"},
-		"opt_uninstall": {"0) 卸载软件", "0) Uninstall software"},
-		"prompt":       {"请选择: ", "Select: "},
-		"invalid":      {"无效选项，请重试。按 Ctrl+C 退出。", "Invalid choice, try again. Press Ctrl+C to exit."},
-		"cur_pw":       {"当前密码: ", "Current password: "},
-		"new_pw":       {"新密码 (至少 12 位): ", "New password (min 12 chars): "},
-		"confirm_pw":   {"确认新密码: ", "Confirm new password: "},
-		"pw_changed":   {"密码已修改。重启后仍然有效。", "Password changed. Survives restart."},
+		"title":               {"vocat 管理菜单", "vocat management menu"},
+		"opt_lang":            {"1) 切换中英文", "1) Toggle language"},
+		"opt_change":          {"2) 修改账号密码", "2) Change admin password"},
+		"opt_port":            {"3) 修改 Web 监听端口", "3) Change Web listening port"},
+		"opt_restart":         {"4) 重启软件", "4) Restart software"},
+		"opt_update":          {"5) 更新软件", "5) Update software"},
+		"opt_uninstall":       {"0) 卸载软件", "0) Uninstall software"},
+		"prompt":              {"请选择: ", "Select: "},
+		"invalid":             {"无效选项，请重试。按 Ctrl+C 退出。", "Invalid choice, try again. Press Ctrl+C to exit."},
+		"cur_pw":              {"当前密码: ", "Current password: "},
+		"new_pw":              {"新密码 (至少 12 位): ", "New password (min 12 chars): "},
+		"confirm_pw":          {"确认新密码: ", "Confirm new password: "},
+		"pw_changed":          {"密码已修改。重启后仍然有效。", "Password changed. Survives restart."},
+		"current_web_address": {"当前 Web 监听地址: %s", "Current Web listening address: %s"},
+		"new_web_port":        {"新端口 (1-65535，直接回车取消，当前 %s): ", "New port (1-65535, Enter to cancel, current %s): "},
+		"web_port_cancelled":  {"已取消修改端口。", "Web port change cancelled."},
+		"web_port_unchanged":  {"端口未改变。", "Web port is unchanged."},
+		"web_port_changed":    {"Web 监听地址已改为 %s，软件已重启。", "Web listening address changed to %s; software restarted."},
+		"reverse_proxy_notice": {
+			"如使用 Nginx/Caddy 等反向代理，请同步修改其上游端口。",
+			"If you use Nginx, Caddy, or another reverse proxy, update its upstream port too.",
+		},
 		"lang_switched": {
 			"语言已切换。Web 界面下次刷新后同步。",
 			"Language switched. The web UI syncs on next refresh.",
@@ -431,9 +610,9 @@ func (m *menu) msg(key string) string {
 			"警告: 将删除程序、数据与配置,且不可恢复!",
 			"WARNING: removes the program, data and config. Irreversible!",
 		},
-		"uninstall_confirm": {"输入 yes 确认卸载: ", "Type yes to confirm uninstall: "},
+		"uninstall_confirm":   {"输入 yes 确认卸载: ", "Type yes to confirm uninstall: "},
 		"uninstall_cancelled": {"已取消卸载。", "Uninstall cancelled."},
-		"uninstalled": {"vocat 已卸载。", "vocat uninstalled."},
+		"uninstalled":         {"vocat 已卸载。", "vocat uninstalled."},
 	}
 	entry, ok := table[key]
 	if !ok {
@@ -445,25 +624,36 @@ func (m *menu) msg(key string) string {
 	return entry[zh]
 }
 
-func (m *menu) title() string      { return m.msg("title") }
-func (m *menu) prompt() string     { return m.msg("prompt") }
-func (m *menu) invalid() string    { return m.msg("invalid") }
-func (m *menu) currentPassword() string  { return m.msg("cur_pw") }
-func (m *menu) newPassword() string      { return m.msg("new_pw") }
-func (m *menu) confirmPassword() string  { return m.msg("confirm_pw") }
-func (m *menu) passwordChanged() string  { return m.msg("pw_changed") }
-func (m *menu) languageSwitched() string { return m.msg("lang_switched") }
-func (m *menu) updateChecking() string   { return m.msg("upd_checking") }
-func (m *menu) restarted() string        { return m.msg("restarted") }
-func (m *menu) uninstallWarn() string    { return m.msg("uninstall_warn") }
-func (m *menu) uninstallConfirm() string { return m.msg("uninstall_confirm") }
+func (m *menu) title() string           { return m.msg("title") }
+func (m *menu) prompt() string          { return m.msg("prompt") }
+func (m *menu) invalid() string         { return m.msg("invalid") }
+func (m *menu) currentPassword() string { return m.msg("cur_pw") }
+func (m *menu) newPassword() string     { return m.msg("new_pw") }
+func (m *menu) confirmPassword() string { return m.msg("confirm_pw") }
+func (m *menu) passwordChanged() string { return m.msg("pw_changed") }
+func (m *menu) currentWebAddress(address string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(m.msg("current_web_address"), address)
+}
+func (m *menu) newWebPort(port string) string { return fmt.Sprintf(m.msg("new_web_port"), port) }
+func (m *menu) webPortCancelled() string      { return m.msg("web_port_cancelled") }
+func (m *menu) webPortUnchanged() string      { return m.msg("web_port_unchanged") }
+func (m *menu) webPortChanged(address string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(m.msg("web_port_changed"), address)
+}
+func (m *menu) reverseProxyNotice() string { return m.msg("reverse_proxy_notice") }
+func (m *menu) languageSwitched() string   { return m.msg("lang_switched") }
+func (m *menu) updateChecking() string     { return m.msg("upd_checking") }
+func (m *menu) restarted() string          { return m.msg("restarted") }
+func (m *menu) uninstallWarn() string      { return m.msg("uninstall_warn") }
+func (m *menu) uninstallConfirm() string   { return m.msg("uninstall_confirm") }
 func (m *menu) uninstallCancelled() string { return m.msg("uninstall_cancelled") }
-func (m *menu) uninstalled() string      { return m.msg("uninstalled") }
+func (m *menu) uninstalled() string        { return m.msg("uninstalled") }
 
 func (m *menu) options() []string {
 	return []string{
 		m.msg("opt_lang"),
 		m.msg("opt_change"),
+		m.msg("opt_port"),
 		m.msg("opt_restart"),
 		m.msg("opt_update"),
 		m.msg("opt_uninstall"),
@@ -514,9 +704,24 @@ func (m *menu) errorPrefix(err error) string {
 		return "认证服务错误。"
 	case errors.Is(err, errMenuEnvWrite):
 		if m.lang == "en" {
-			return "Password changed in DB, but the env file rewrite failed — restart will revert it. Check " + envFilePath + "."
+			return "Password changed in DB, but the env file rewrite failed — restart will revert it. Check " + menuEnvFilePath() + "."
 		}
-		return "数据库密码已修改，但环境变量文件写入失败——重启后将回滚。请检查 " + envFilePath + "。"
+		return "数据库密码已修改，但环境变量文件写入失败——重启后将回滚。请检查 " + menuEnvFilePath() + "。"
+	case errors.Is(err, errInvalidWebPort):
+		if m.lang == "en" {
+			return "Invalid port. Enter a number from 1 to 65535."
+		}
+		return "端口无效，请输入 1 到 65535。"
+	case errors.Is(err, errWebPortUnavailable):
+		if m.lang == "en" {
+			return "The new Web port is unavailable or already in use."
+		}
+		return "新的 Web 端口不可用或已被占用。"
+	case errors.Is(err, errMenuPortWrite):
+		if m.lang == "en" {
+			return "Failed to save the Web listening port to " + menuEnvFilePath() + "."
+		}
+		return "无法将 Web 监听端口保存到 " + menuEnvFilePath() + "。"
 	default:
 		if m.lang == "en" {
 			return "Error: " + err.Error()

cmd/vocat/menu_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestWebAddressWithPort(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		address string
+		port    string
+		want    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "IPv4", address: "0.0.0.0:7575", port: "8080", want: "0.0.0.0:8080"},
+		{name: "IPv6", address: "[::]:7575", port: "8443", want: "[::]:8443"},
+		{name: "minimum", address: "127.0.0.1:7575", port: "1", want: "127.0.0.1:1"},
+		{name: "maximum", address: "127.0.0.1:7575", port: "65535", want: "127.0.0.1:65535"},
+		{name: "zero", address: "0.0.0.0:7575", port: "0", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "too large", address: "0.0.0.0:7575", port: "65536", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "not numeric", address: "0.0.0.0:7575", port: "http", wantErr: true},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, _, err := webAddressWithPort(test.address, test.port)
+			if test.wantErr {
+				if !errors.Is(err, errInvalidWebPort) {
+					t.Fatalf("error = %v, want errInvalidWebPort", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil || got != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("webAddressWithPort() = %q, %v; want %q", got, err, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRewriteEnvValuePreservesOtherSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "env")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("VOCAT_ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret\nVOCAT_ADDR=0.0.0.0:7575\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rewriteEnvValue(path, "VOCAT_ADDR", "0.0.0.0:8080"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got := string(content)
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "VOCAT_ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret\n") || !strings.Contains(got, "VOCAT_ADDR=0.0.0.0:8080\n") || strings.Contains(got, ":7575") {
+		t.Fatalf("rewritten env = %q", got)
+	}
+	if err := rewriteEnvValue(path, "VOCAT_ADDR", "0.0.0.0:9000\nVOCAT_ADMIN_PASSWORD=changed"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("environment line injection was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMenuIncludesWebPortOptionInBothLanguages(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, lang := range []string{"zh", "en"} {
+		options := strings.Join(newMenu(lang).options(), "\n")
+		if !strings.Contains(options, "3)") || !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(options), "web") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s menu options do not contain Web port entry: %q", lang, options)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/vocat/vowifi_startup_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"vocat/internal/device"
+)
+
+type startupFlightSetter struct {
+	errors []error
+	calls  int
+	id     string
+}
+
+func (setter *startupFlightSetter) SetFlight(
+	_ context.Context,
+	id string,
+	enabled bool,
+) (device.FlightResult, error) {
+	setter.calls++
+	setter.id = id
+	if !enabled {
+		return device.FlightResult{}, errors.New("expected flight mode to be enabled")
+	}
+	if setter.calls <= len(setter.errors) {
+		return device.FlightResult{}, setter.errors[setter.calls-1]
+	}
+	return device.FlightResult{CurrentMode: 4, FlightMode: true, RadioOff: true}, nil
+}
+
+func TestProtectVoWiFiStartupRadioRetriesTransientFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	transient := errors.New("modem is reopening")
+	setter := &startupFlightSetter{errors: []error{transient, transient}}
+	if err := protectVoWiFiStartupRadioWithRetry(
+		context.Background(), setter, "quectel-1", 3, 0,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("protect startup radio: %v", err)
+	}
+	if setter.calls != 3 || setter.id != "quectel-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("SetFlight calls = %d, id = %q", setter.calls, setter.id)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProtectVoWiFiStartupRadioReturnsLastFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	first := errors.New("first")
+	last := errors.New("last")
+	setter := &startupFlightSetter{errors: []error{first, last}}
+	err := protectVoWiFiStartupRadioWithRetry(
+		context.Background(), setter, "quectel-1", 2, 0,
+	)
+	if !errors.Is(err, last) || setter.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("protect startup radio = %v after %d calls", err, setter.calls)
+	}
+}

deploy/vocat.service

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=3s
 TimeoutStartSec=30s
 TimeoutStopSec=20s
-Environment=VOCAT_ADDR=0.0.0.0:7575
 Environment=VOCAT_DATABASE_PATH=/opt/vocat/data/vocat.db
 EnvironmentFile=/etc/vocat/vocat.env
 

docs/README.zh-CN.md

@@ -65,10 +65,24 @@ Vocat 面向基于高通芯片、并暴露兼容 AT、QMI、串口与 USB 网络
 
 ### Linux 一键安装
 
+已是 root（包括默认没有 `sudo` 的 OpenWrt/Kwrt）：
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/install.sh | bash
+```
+
+普通 Linux 用户且系统装有 sudo：
+
 ```bash
 curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/install.sh | sudo bash
 ```
 
+只检查 VoWiFi/XFRM 环境，不安装 VoCat：
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/install.sh | bash -s -- --check-env
+```
+
 安装指定版本:
 
 ```bash
@@ -76,6 +90,8 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MengMengCode/VoCat/master/scripts/i
 sudo bash install.sh 0.0.2
 ```
 
+VoWiFi IMS 必须使用 Linux XFRM/IPsec。OpenWrt/Kwrt 上安装脚本会从当前固件自己的软件源尝试安装严格匹配的 `ip-full`、`kmod-ipsec`、`kmod-ipsec4/6`、`kmod-crypto-authenc`、AES-CBC 和 SHA1 组件。若软件源没有与当前内核匹配的模块，必须更换包含这些组件的固件，禁止强装其他内核版本的 kmod。
+
 安装程序会:
 
 - 检测 `amd64`、`386`、`arm64` 或 `armv7` 架构;

docs/superpowers/plans/2026-08-11-wecom-notification.md

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+# 企业微信消息推送实现计划
+
+> **面向 AI 代理的工作者：** 必需子技能：使用 superpowers:subagent-driven-development（推荐）或 superpowers:executing-plans 逐任务实现此计划。步骤使用复选框（`- [ ]`）语法来跟踪进度。
+
+**目标：** 增加可配置 JSON 请求模板的企业微信 Webhook 通知通道，向新短信和自动任务结果发送消息。
+
+**架构：** 新建专注的企业微信通知模块，统一构建事件变量、JSON 安全替换、Webhook POST 和 `errcode` 响应判定。设置 API 将 `wecom` 纳入白名单、保密 URL 与连通性测试；短信和自动任务分发器只增加该通道分支。前端在现有通知设置表单中新增企业微信页签和请求体编辑器。
+
+**技术栈：** Go 1.25、标准库 `net/http` 与 `encoding/json`、SQLite 通知设置、React、TypeScript、Vite。
+
+---
+
+## 文件结构
+
+- 创建：`internal/server/wecom_notification.go`，渲染企业微信 JSON 模板、创建安全 HTTP 请求并判定企业微信响应。
+- 创建：`internal/server/wecom_notification_test.go`，覆盖 JSON 转义、模板拒绝和企业微信响应失败。
+- 修改：`internal/server/settings_api.go`，登记 `wecom` 配置字段、启用连通性测试并调用企业微信发送器。
+- 修改：`internal/server/settings_api_test.go`，验证企业微信配置 API、敏感 URL 与测试路径。
+- 修改：`internal/store/settings.go`，将 `wecom.urls` 注册为敏感字段。
+- 修改：`internal/server/sms_notifications.go`，将新短信事件接入企业微信通道。
+- 修改：`internal/server/sms_notifications_test.go`，覆盖企业微信短信配置要求和变量数据。
+- 修改：`internal/server/automatic_task_notifications.go`，将自动任务结果接入企业微信通道。
+- 修改：`web/src/types.ts`，扩展通知设置类型。
+- 修改：`web/src/components/settings/model.ts`，增加企业微信表单、默认模板、读取和提交映射。
+- 修改：`web/src/components/settings/PushTabs.tsx`，新增企业微信配置界面。
+- 修改：`web/src/pages/SettingsPage.tsx`，增加页签、测试状态与测试请求。
+
+### 任务 1：企业微信模板与响应判定
+
+**文件：**
+- 创建：`internal/server/wecom_notification_test.go`
+- 创建：`internal/server/wecom_notification.go`
+
+- [ ] **步骤 1：编写失败的模板与响应测试**
+
+```go
+func TestRenderWecomPayloadEscapesTemplateValues(t *testing.T) {
+    payload, err := renderWecomPayload(
+        `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}},"number":{{number}}}}`,
+        wecomTemplateValues{"message": "quote: \\"\\nline", "number": "+447386"},
+    )
+    if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) }
+    if got := string(payload); got != `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":"quote: \\"\\nline","number":"+447386"}}` {
+        t.Fatalf("payload = %s", got)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestRenderWecomPayloadRejectsUnknownVariableAndNonObject(t *testing.T) {
+    for _, template := range []string{`{"text":{{unknown}}}`, `[]`} {
+        if _, err := renderWecomPayload(template, wecomTemplateValues{}); err == nil {
+            t.Fatalf("template %q was accepted", template)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+func TestValidateWecomResponseRejectsProviderError(t *testing.T) {
+    if err := validateWecomResponse(http.StatusOK, []byte(`{"errcode":40058,"errmsg":"invalid"}`)); !errors.Is(err, errProviderRejected) {
+        t.Fatalf("error = %v", err)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **步骤 2：运行测试验证失败**
+
+运行：`go test ./internal/server -run 'TestRenderWecomPayload|TestValidateWecomResponse' -count=1`
+
+预期：FAIL，提示 `renderWecomPayload`、`wecomTemplateValues` 和 `validateWecomResponse` 未定义。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 3：实现最少的模板与响应代码**
+
+在 `internal/server/wecom_notification.go` 中定义受支持变量列表，先用 `json.Marshal` 编码每个字符串，再替换精确的 `{{name}}` 标记；若保留任何 `{{` 或 `}}`，或者 `json.Unmarshal` 后不是非空 `map[string]json.RawMessage`，返回错误。响应处理必须要求 HTTP 2xx、可解析 JSON，且 `errcode` 为零。
+
+```go
+type wecomTemplateValues map[string]string
+
+func renderWecomPayload(template string, values wecomTemplateValues) ([]byte, error) {
+    for _, name := range wecomTemplateVariableNames {
+        encoded, _ := json.Marshal(values[name])
+        template = strings.ReplaceAll(template, "{{"+name+"}}", string(encoded))
+    }
+    if strings.Contains(template, "{{") || strings.Contains(template, "}}") {
+        return nil, errors.New("wecom.payload_template contains an unsupported variable")
+    }
+    var payload map[string]json.RawMessage
+    if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(template), &payload); err != nil || len(payload) == 0 {
+        return nil, errors.New("wecom.payload_template must render to a non-empty JSON object")
+    }
+    return []byte(template), nil
+}
+
+func validateWecomResponse(status int, body []byte) error {
+    var result struct { ErrCode int `json:"errcode"` }
+    if status < http.StatusOK || status >= http.StatusMultipleChoices || json.Unmarshal(body, &result) != nil || result.ErrCode != 0 {
+        return fmt.Errorf("%w: WeCom response was not successful", errProviderRejected)
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+
+func wecomTestValues(now time.Time) wecomTemplateValues {
+    return wecomTemplateValues{
+        "event": "test", "title": "vocat", "message": "vocat notification test",
+        "timestamp": now.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+    }
+}
+
+func sendWecomNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, values wecomTemplateValues) error {
+    payload, err := renderWecomPayload(configString(config, "payload_template"), values)
+    if err != nil { return err }
+    client, err := restrictedHTTPClient(ctx, 8*time.Second, "")
+    if err != nil { return err }
+    for _, destination := range configStrings(config, "urls") {
+        parsed, err := validateOutboundURL(ctx, destination, false)
+        if err != nil { return err }
+        request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, parsed.String(), bytes.NewReader(payload))
+        if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("create WeCom notification request: %w", err) }
+        request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+        request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "vocat-wecom-notification/1")
+        response, err := client.Do(request)
+        if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("send WeCom notification: %w", err) }
+        body, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(response.Body, 64<<10)); response.Body.Close()
+        if readErr != nil { return fmt.Errorf("read WeCom response: %w", readErr) }
+        if err := validateWecomResponse(response.StatusCode, body); err != nil { return err }
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **步骤 4：运行测试验证通过**
+
+运行：`go test ./internal/server -run 'TestRenderWecomPayload|TestValidateWecomResponse' -count=1`
+
+预期：PASS。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 5：提交本任务**
+
+运行：`git add internal/server/wecom_notification.go internal/server/wecom_notification_test.go && git commit -m "feat: add WeCom payload renderer"`
+
+预期：创建包含模板渲染和响应判定的提交。若 Git 作者身份仍未配置，停止提交但保留已验证的工作区改动，不自行设置身份。
+
+### 任务 2：设置 API 与敏感 Webhook URL
+
+**文件：**
+- 修改：`internal/server/settings_api_test.go`
+- 修改：`internal/store/settings.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/settings_api.go`
+
+- [ ] **步骤 1：编写失败的 API 测试**
+
+```go
+func TestWecomNotificationSettingsPreserveWebhookURLs(t *testing.T) {
+    test := newSettingsAPITest(t)
+    body := `{"wecom":{"enabled":true,"urls":["https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=secret"],"payload_template":"{\\\"msgtype\\\":\\\"text\\\",\\\"text\\\":{\\\"content\\\":{{message}}}}"}}`
+    recorder := test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/settings/notifications", body)
+    if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK { t.Fatalf("status = %d", recorder.Code) }
+    if bytes.Contains(recorder.Body.Bytes(), []byte("key=secret")) { t.Fatal("response leaked webhook URL") }
+    stored, err := test.database.NotificationSetting(context.Background(), "wecom")
+    if err != nil || !bytes.Contains(stored.Config, []byte("key=secret")) { t.Fatalf("stored = %s, err = %v", stored.Config, err) }
+}
+
+func TestWecomNotificationSettingsRejectMalformedTemplate(t *testing.T) {
+    test := newSettingsAPITest(t)
+    recorder := test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/settings/notifications", `{"wecom":{"enabled":true,"urls":["https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=x"],"payload_template":"[]"}}`)
+    if recorder.Code != http.StatusBadRequest { t.Fatalf("status = %d", recorder.Code) }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **步骤 2：运行测试验证失败**
+
+运行：`go test ./internal/server -run 'TestWecomNotificationSettings' -count=1`
+
+预期：FAIL，设置 API 返回 `invalid_notification_channel`。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 3：实现 API 契约、保存和测试端点**
+
+在 `notificationChannels` 中加入 `wecom`，在 `notificationFields` 中登记 `urls: strings` 和 `payload_template: wecom_template`。将 `urls` 加入 `DefaultNotificationSensitiveFields("wecom")`。在字段验证中对 `wecom_template` 调用 `renderWecomPayload`，以默认测试变量确认模板会生成对象；在 `validateNotificationTestConfig`、`handleNotificationTest` 和发送分支中支持 `wecom`。
+
+```go
+"wecom": {"urls": "strings", "payload_template": "wecom_template"},
+
+case "wecom":
+    return []string{"urls"}
+
+case "wecom":
+    err = sendWecomNotificationTest(r.Context(), resolved)
+```
+
+将上段 `payload_template` 的字段类型实现为 `wecom_template`，避免只按普通字符串检查：
+
+```go
+case "wecom_template":
+    var template string
+    if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &template); err != nil || len(template) > 32768 {
+        return fmt.Errorf("%s must be a template string", field)
+    }
+    _, err := renderWecomPayload(template, wecomTestValues(time.Unix(0, 0)))
+    return err
+
+case "wecom":
+    if len(configStrings(config, "urls")) == 0 || configString(config, "payload_template") == "" {
+        return errors.New("wecom.urls and wecom.payload_template are required")
+    }
+```
+
+测试消息的变量必须为 `event: "test"`、`title: "vocat"`、`message: "vocat notification test"` 和当前 UTC RFC3339 时间；它应经过与生产消息完全相同的渲染和发送路径。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 4：运行测试验证通过**
+
+运行：`go test ./internal/server -run 'TestWecomNotificationSettings|TestNotificationSettingsAlwaysReturns' -count=1`
+
+预期：PASS，GET/PUT 响应不会泄露 `key`，但数据库保留原 URL。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 5：提交本任务**
+
+运行：`git add internal/server/settings_api.go internal/server/settings_api_test.go internal/store/settings.go && git commit -m "feat: configure WeCom notifications"`
+
+预期：创建设置 API 与敏感配置提交；作者身份未配置时遵循任务 1 的处理方式。
+
+### 任务 3：接入短信与自动任务分发
+
+**文件：**
+- 修改：`internal/server/sms_notifications_test.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/sms_notifications.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/automatic_task_notifications.go`
+
+- [ ] **步骤 1：编写失败的事件变量测试**
+
+```go
+func TestWecomSMSValuesIncludeRenderedSMSFields(t *testing.T) {
+    message := smsNotification{DeviceID: "device-1", DeviceName: "客厅", DeviceLabel: "EC20", Number: "+447386", Time: time.Unix(1700000000, 0), Content: "hello"}
+    values := wecomSMSValues(message)
+    if values["event"] != "sms.received" || values["content"] != "hello" || values["device_label"] != "EC20" {
+        t.Fatalf("values = %#v", values)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestWecomAutomaticTaskValuesLeaveSMSFieldsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+    values := wecomAutomaticTaskValues(automaticTaskNotification{Title: "自动任务执行成功", Text: "任务已完成", Time: time.Unix(1700000000, 0)})
+    if values["event"] != "automatic_task.completed" || values["message"] != "任务已完成" || values["number"] != "" {
+        t.Fatalf("values = %#v", values)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **步骤 2：运行测试验证失败**
+
+运行：`go test ./internal/server -run 'TestWecomSMSValues|TestWecomAutomaticTaskValues' -count=1`
+
+预期：FAIL，两个事件变量构建函数未定义。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 3：实现分发接入**
+
+在企业微信模块中实现 `wecomSMSValues` 和 `wecomAutomaticTaskValues`，填充全部已声明变量，短信专属字段在自动任务事件中设为空字符串。然后将 `wecom` 加入以下分发列表与 switch：
+
+```go
+var smsOnlyNotificationChannels = []string{"bark", "email", "pushplus", "webhook", "wecom"}
+
+case "wecom":
+    return sendWecomNotification(ctx, config, wecomSMSValues(message))
+```
+
+```go
+channels := []string{"telegram", "bark", "email", "pushplus", "webhook", "wecom"}
+for _, channel := range channels {
+    setting, err := s.store.NotificationSetting(ctx, channel)
+    if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) || (err == nil && !setting.Enabled) { continue }
+    if err != nil { s.logger.Warn("read automatic task notification setting", "channel", channel, "error", err); continue }
+    var config map[string]any
+    if err := json.Unmarshal(setting.Config, &config); err != nil { s.logger.Warn("decode automatic task notification setting", "channel", channel, "error", err); continue }
+    if err := sendAutomaticTaskNotification(ctx, channel, config, notification); err != nil { s.logger.Warn("send automatic task notification", "channel", channel, "task_id", task.ID, "error", err) }
+}
+
+case "wecom":
+    return sendWecomNotification(ctx, config, wecomAutomaticTaskValues(message))
+```
+
+保持既有游标、错误限流日志和其他通道的行为不变。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 4：运行测试验证通过**
+
+运行：`go test ./internal/server -run 'TestWecomSMSValues|TestWecomAutomaticTaskValues|TestValidateSMSNotificationConfig' -count=1`
+
+预期：PASS，`validateSMSNotificationConfig` 也接受包含有效 URL 和模板的 `wecom` 配置。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 5：提交本任务**
+
+运行：`git add internal/server/wecom_notification.go internal/server/sms_notifications.go internal/server/sms_notifications_test.go internal/server/automatic_task_notifications.go && git commit -m "feat: dispatch WeCom notifications"`
+
+预期：创建两类事件分发接入提交；作者身份未配置时遵循任务 1 的处理方式。
+
+### 任务 4：企业微信配置界面
+
+**文件：**
+- 修改：`web/src/types.ts`
+- 修改：`web/src/components/settings/model.ts`
+- 修改：`web/src/components/settings/PushTabs.tsx`
+- 修改：`web/src/pages/SettingsPage.tsx`
+
+- [ ] **步骤 1：扩展前端类型和表单映射**
+
+在 `NotificationSettings` 与 `NotifyForms` 中增加 `wecom`。新增以下表单类型和默认请求体；URL 数组保持一项一个输入行的既有 `UrlListEditor` 约定。
+
+```ts
+export interface WecomForm {
+  enabled: boolean;
+  urls: string[];
+  payloadTemplate: string;
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_WECOM_PAYLOAD_TEMPLATE = `{
+  "msgtype": "text",
+  "text": { "content": {{message}} }
+}`;
+```
+
+`formsFromNotifications` 读取 `payload_template`，`buildNotificationsPayload` 输出 `payload_template`，测试请求则修剪并移除空 URL。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 2：实现企业微信页签与测试请求**
+
+在 `PushTabs.tsx` 增加 `WecomTab`，显示启用开关、`UrlListEditor`、JSON `Textarea` 和变量说明。URL 列表文案必须明确“每个 Webhook URL 单独一行，点击添加 URL 增加”，不得提示使用分隔符。
+
+```tsx
+<Field label={t("JSON 请求体模板")} hint={<span>变量必须作为 JSON 值使用，例如 <code>{'{{message}}'}</code>。</span>}>
+  <Textarea value={value.payloadTemplate} onChange={(event) => onChange({ payloadTemplate: event.target.value })} disabled={off} rows={12} />
+</Field>
+```
+
+在 `SettingsPage.tsx` 增加 `testingWecom`、`onTestWecom`、企业微信页签与组件渲染。测试请求使用 `POST /settings/notifications/wecom/test` 和企业微信表单 payload；成功与失败消息沿用现有通知测试模式。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 3：运行前端构建验证**
+
+运行：`npm run build`
+
+工作目录：`web`
+
+预期：Vite 类型检查与生产构建均以退出码 0 完成。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 4：提交本任务**
+
+运行：`git add web/src/types.ts web/src/components/settings/model.ts web/src/components/settings/PushTabs.tsx web/src/pages/SettingsPage.tsx && git commit -m "feat: add WeCom notification settings"`
+
+预期：创建企业微信设置 UI 提交；作者身份未配置时遵循任务 1 的处理方式。
+
+### 任务 5：完整验证
+
+**文件：**
+- 修改：`internal/server/wecom_notification.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/wecom_notification_test.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/settings_api.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/settings_api_test.go`
+- 修改：`internal/store/settings.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/sms_notifications.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/sms_notifications_test.go`
+- 修改：`internal/server/automatic_task_notifications.go`
+- 修改：`web/src/types.ts`
+- 修改：`web/src/components/settings/model.ts`
+- 修改：`web/src/components/settings/PushTabs.tsx`
+- 修改：`web/src/pages/SettingsPage.tsx`
+
+- [ ] **步骤 1：格式化 Go 代码**
+
+运行：`gofmt -w internal/server/wecom_notification.go internal/server/wecom_notification_test.go internal/server/settings_api.go internal/server/settings_api_test.go internal/server/sms_notifications.go internal/server/sms_notifications_test.go internal/server/automatic_task_notifications.go internal/store/settings.go`
+
+预期：所有修改的 Go 文件采用项目标准格式。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 2：运行前端生产构建**
+
+运行：`npm run build`
+
+工作目录：`web`
+
+预期：退出码 0，并生成 `web/dist` 供 Go 的嵌入资源使用。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 3：运行后端回归测试**
+
+运行：`go test ./...`
+
+预期：所有目标包通过，无失败测试；`cmd/vocat` 和 `web` 包从步骤 2 生成的 `web/dist` 读取嵌入资源。
+
+- [ ] **步骤 4：检查最终变更**
+
+运行：`git diff --check && git status --short`
+
+预期：无空白错误；变更仅限企业微信通知、其测试与设计/计划文档。

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-08-11-wecom-notification-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# 企业微信消息推送设计
+
+## 目标
+
+新增独立的 `wecom` 通知通道，通过企业微信“消息推送（原群机器人）”Webhook 推送新收到的短信和自动任务执行结果。外部 API 契约与既有通知通道保持一致。
+
+## 配置模型
+
+`wecom` 配置包含：
+
+- `enabled`：是否启用通道。
+- `urls`：一个或多个企业微信消息推送 Webhook URL。Web 设置页将每个 URL
+  显示为独立输入行，通过“添加 URL”按钮新增输入行、通过删除按钮移除输入行；
+  不使用逗号、空格或换行分隔多个 URL。
+- `payload_template`：完整 JSON 请求体模板。
+
+Webhook URL 含有企业微信访问密钥，必须作为敏感配置存储、在读取接口中脱敏，并在日志和错误信息中避免泄露。URL 沿用现有出站 URL 校验与 SSRF 防护。
+
+## 模板语义
+
+用户在 Web 设置页编辑完整 JSON 请求体，以选择企业微信支持的任意消息格式，例如 `text`、`markdown`、`news` 或 `template_card`。
+
+模板变量仅能作为 JSON 值出现，服务端使用 JSON 编码后的字符串替换，调用方不得在变量外添加引号。示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "msgtype": "text",
+  "text": {
+    "content": {{message}}
+  }
+}
+```
+
+可用变量：
+
+- 通用：`{{event}}`、`{{title}}`、`{{message}}`、`{{timestamp}}`。
+- 短信事件：`{{content}}`、`{{number}}`、`{{device_id}}`、`{{device_name}}`、`{{device_label}}`、`{{time}}`。
+
+自动任务使用通用变量；短信专属变量在自动任务中替换为空字符串。模板渲染后必须为非空 JSON 对象，不得保留模板变量；无效模板在保存和测试时拒绝。
+
+## 发送流程
+
+短信分发器为 `wecom` 维护独立游标，发送失败不会阻塞其他通知渠道。自动任务完成后，和 Telegram、Bark、邮件、PushPlus、通用 Webhook 一样，向已启用的 `wecom` 通道发送结果。
+
+发送器逐一 POST 渲染后的 JSON 到所有配置 URL，使用现有受限 HTTP 客户端。除 HTTP 2xx 外，企业微信返回 JSON 的 `errcode` 非零也视为服务商拒绝。
+
+## Web 与 API
+
+设置 API 将 `wecom` 加入已知通道和配置字段白名单，并提供 `POST /api/settings/notifications/wecom/test`。Web 设置页新增“企业微信”页签、启用开关、逐行编辑的 Webhook URL 列表、JSON 模板编辑器和测试按钮。
+
+默认模板使用 `text` 消息，发送一条可辨识的测试内容。
+
+## 验证
+
+后端测试覆盖：配置字段验证、模板的 JSON 转义和拒绝无效模板、企业微信请求载荷、非零 `errcode` 失败处理、通知设置 API 读写与敏感 Webhook URL 保留。前端构建用于验证新增表单与类型契约。

go.mod

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ go 1.25.0
 require (
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.15
 	go.bug.st/serial v1.6.4
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.2
 )
 

go.sum

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZb
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec h1:W09IVJc94icq4NjY3clb7Lk8O1qJ8BdBEF8z0ibU0rE=
 github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qqbHyh8v60DhA7CoWK5oRCqLrMHRGoxYCSS9EjAz6Eo=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4 h1:CcVxjf3Q8PM0mHUKJCdn+eZZtm5yQwehR5yeSVQQcUk=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 go.bug.st/serial v1.6.4 h1:7FmqNPgVp3pu2Jz5PoPtbZ9jJO5gnEnZIvnI1lzve8A=
 go.bug.st/serial v1.6.4/go.mod h1:nofMJxTeNVny/m6+KaafC6vJGj3miwQZ6vW4BZUGJPI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0 h1:WKYxWedPGCTVVl5+WHSSrOBT0O8lx32+zxmHxijgXp4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0/go.mod h1:pO5AFd7FA68rFak7rOAGVuygIISepHftHnr8dr6+sUc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0 h1:RMs7fP2rXdep0CftQlK8Uf+kibLm7qkCcradZWYz988=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0/go.mod h1:1QgfPxDqh0T2M/elOJtp9RvuR95kVjir0e6/BvEmGbc=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b h1:M2rDM6z3Fhozi9O7NWsxAkg/yqS/lQJ6PmkyIV3YP+o=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b/go.mod h1:3//PLf8L/X+8b4vuAfHzxeRUl04Adcb341+IGKfnqS8=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.25.0 h1:n7a+ZbQKQA/Ysbyb0/6IbB1H/X41mKgbhfv7AfG/44w=
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.15.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
-golang.org/x/term v0.34.0 h1:O/2T7POpk0ZZ7MAzMeWFSg6S5IpWd/RXDlM9hgM3DR4=
-golang.org/x/term v0.34.0/go.mod h1:5jC53AEywhIVebHgPVeg0mj8OD3VO9OzclacVrqpaAw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 h1:S4RLU2sB31O/NCl+zFN9Aru9A/Cq2aqKpTZJ6B+DwT4=
+golang.org/x/term v0.43.0/go.mod h1:lrhlHNdQJHO+1qVYiHfFKVuVioJIheAc3fBSMFYEIsk=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0 h1:qIpSLOxeCYGg9TrcJokLBG4KFA6d795g0xkBkiESGlo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0/go.mod h1:pAP9OwEaY1CAW3HOmg3hLZC5Z0CCmzjAF2UQMSqNARg=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=

internal/developer/settings.go

@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ func Enabled(ctx context.Context, database *store.Store) bool {
 const (
 	EnabledSettingKey     = "developer.enabled"
 	DeviceLimitSettingKey = "developer.device_limit"
+	SMSHourlyLimitKey     = "developer.sms_hourly_limit"
 	DefaultDeviceLimit    = 5
 	MaxDeviceLimit        = 128
+	DefaultSMSHourlyLimit = 10
+	MaxSMSHourlyLimit     = 1000
 )
 
 func DeviceLimit(ctx context.Context, database *store.Store, enabled bool) int {
@@ -57,6 +60,33 @@ func SetDeviceLimit(ctx context.Context, database *store.Store, limit int) error
 	return database.UpsertAppSetting(ctx, store.AppSetting{Key: DeviceLimitSettingKey, Value: value})
 }
 
+// SMSHourlyLimit is enforced regardless of developer mode. Developer mode
+// only controls whether administrators can see and modify this value.
+func SMSHourlyLimit(ctx context.Context, database *store.Store) int {
+	setting, err := database.AppSetting(ctx, SMSHourlyLimitKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return DefaultSMSHourlyLimit
+	}
+	var document struct {
+		Limit int `json:"limit"`
+	}
+	if json.Unmarshal(setting.Value, &document) != nil || document.Limit < 1 || document.Limit > MaxSMSHourlyLimit {
+		return DefaultSMSHourlyLimit
+	}
+	return document.Limit
+}
+
+func SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx context.Context, database *store.Store, limit int) error {
+	if limit < 1 || limit > MaxSMSHourlyLimit {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SMS hourly limit must be between 1 and %d", MaxSMSHourlyLimit)
+	}
+	value, err := json.Marshal(map[string]int{"limit": limit})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return database.UpsertAppSetting(ctx, store.AppSetting{Key: SMSHourlyLimitKey, Value: value})
+}
+
 // ResetExperimental restores every mutable developer-only setting. It is
 // called both by `vocat develop off` and at startup whenever developer mode is
 // disabled, so stale database values cannot silently remain active.
@@ -72,6 +102,9 @@ func ResetExperimental(ctx context.Context, database *store.Store) error {
 	if err := SetDeviceLimit(ctx, database, DefaultDeviceLimit); err != nil {
 		resetErrors = append(resetErrors, fmt.Errorf("reset device limit: %w", err))
 	}
+	if err := SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database, DefaultSMSHourlyLimit); err != nil {
+		resetErrors = append(resetErrors, fmt.Errorf("reset SMS hourly limit: %w", err))
+	}
 	if err := database.DeleteAppSetting(ctx, exportproxy.SettingKey); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
 		resetErrors = append(resetErrors, fmt.Errorf("delete export proxy configurations: %w", err))
 	}

internal/developer/settings_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ func TestResetExperimentalRestoresDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := SetDeviceLimit(ctx, database, 24); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	if err := SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database, 42); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	enabled, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]bool{"enabled": true})
 	if err := database.UpsertAppSetting(ctx, store.AppSetting{Key: httpsmode.SettingKey, Value: enabled}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -41,6 +44,9 @@ func TestResetExperimentalRestoresDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	if limit := DeviceLimit(ctx, database, true); limit != DefaultDeviceLimit {
 		t.Fatalf("device limit = %d, want %d", limit, DefaultDeviceLimit)
 	}
+	if limit := SMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database); limit != DefaultSMSHourlyLimit {
+		t.Fatalf("SMS hourly limit = %d, want %d", limit, DefaultSMSHourlyLimit)
+	}
 	setting, err := database.AppSetting(ctx, httpsmode.SettingKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -75,3 +81,21 @@ func TestSetDeviceLimitValidatesRange(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("out-of-range device limit was accepted")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSetSMSHourlyLimitValidatesRange(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database, err := store.Open(ctx, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "vocat.db"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer database.Close()
+	if SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database, 0) == nil || SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database, MaxSMSHourlyLimit+1) == nil {
+		t.Fatal("out-of-range SMS hourly limit was accepted")
+	}
+	if err := SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database, 25); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := SMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database); got != 25 {
+		t.Fatalf("SMS hourly limit = %d, want 25", got)
+	}
+}

internal/device/controls.go

@@ -274,6 +274,9 @@ func (manager *Manager) SetFlight(
 	if err := manager.validateActive(id, state); err != nil {
 		return FlightResult{}, err
 	}
+	if manager.candidateFor(state).HardwareKind == "pcsc" {
+		return FlightResult{PreviousMode: 4, CurrentMode: 4, FlightMode: true, RadioOff: true}, nil
+	}
 	client, err := manager.clientLocked(ctx, state, manager.candidateFor(state))
 	if err != nil {
 		manager.setResult(id, state, nil, err)

internal/device/data.go

@@ -13,6 +13,40 @@ import (
 
 var apnPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9._-]{0,98}[A-Za-z0-9])?$`)
 
+// ValidAPN reports whether value can safely be used as a modem PDP-context APN.
+// An empty value is valid and means that the modem/operator default should be used.
+func ValidAPN(value string) bool {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	return value == "" || apnPattern.MatchString(value)
+}
+
+func validNetworkCredential(value string) bool {
+	if len(value) > 128 || strings.ContainsAny(value, "\r\n\x00\"") {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, character := range value {
+		if character < 0x20 || character == 0x7f {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func normalizeNetworkAuthentication(value string) string {
+	switch strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value)) {
+	case "", "NONE":
+		return "NONE"
+	case "PAP":
+		return "PAP"
+	case "CHAP":
+		return "CHAP"
+	case "PAP_OR_CHAP":
+		return "PAP_OR_CHAP"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
 func (manager *Manager) SetNetwork(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	id string,
@@ -23,9 +57,16 @@ func (manager *Manager) SetNetwork(
 		return NetworkResult{}, err
 	}
 	apn := strings.TrimSpace(request.APN)
-	if request.Enabled && apn != "" && !apnPattern.MatchString(apn) {
+	if request.Enabled && !ValidAPN(apn) {
 		return NetworkResult{}, ErrInvalidNetworkAPN
 	}
+	if !validNetworkCredential(request.Username) || !validNetworkCredential(request.Password) {
+		return NetworkResult{}, errors.New("APN username or password contains unsupported characters")
+	}
+	authentication := normalizeNetworkAuthentication(request.Authentication)
+	if authentication == "" {
+		return NetworkResult{}, errors.New("authentication type must be NONE, PAP, CHAP, or PAP_OR_CHAP")
+	}
 	ipVersion := normalizeIPVersion(request.IPVersion)
 	if ipVersion == "" {
 		return NetworkResult{}, errors.New("IP version must be IP, IPV6, or IPV4V6")
@@ -58,7 +99,14 @@ func (manager *Manager) SetNetwork(
 		if candidate.QMIControl == "" || candidate.NetworkInterface == "" {
 			return NetworkResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: QMI control device and network interface are required", ErrDataBackendUnavailable)
 		}
-		return setQMINetwork(ctx, candidate, request.Enabled, apn, ipVersion)
+		result, err := setQMINetwork(ctx, candidate, request.Enabled, apn, ipVersion, request.Username, request.Password, authentication)
+		if err != nil && (request.Username != "" || request.Password != "") {
+			// qmi-network output is outside our control and may echo values read
+			// from its temporary profile. Do not return that output when the
+			// profile contains credentials.
+			return NetworkResult{}, errors.New("authenticated QMI cellular data operation failed")
+		}
+		return result, err
 	}
 
 	client, err := manager.clientLocked(ctx, state, candidate)
@@ -67,13 +115,32 @@ func (manager *Manager) SetNetwork(
 		return NetworkResult{}, err
 	}
 	if request.Enabled {
-		commands := []string{
-			fmt.Sprintf(`AT+CGDCONT=1,"%s","%s"`, ipVersion, apn),
-			"AT+CGATT=1",
-			"AT+CGACT=1,1",
+		type networkCommand struct {
+			value     string
+			sensitive bool
 		}
+		commands := []networkCommand{
+			{value: fmt.Sprintf(`AT+CGDCONT=1,"%s","%s"`, ipVersion, apn)},
+		}
+		if authentication != "NONE" {
+			authCode := map[string]int{"PAP": 1, "CHAP": 2, "PAP_OR_CHAP": 3}[authentication]
+			commands = append(commands, networkCommand{
+				value:     fmt.Sprintf(`AT+CGAUTH=1,%d,"%s","%s"`, authCode, request.Username, request.Password),
+				sensitive: true,
+			})
+		}
+		commands = append(commands,
+			networkCommand{value: "AT+CGATT=1"},
+			networkCommand{value: "AT+CGACT=1,1"},
+		)
 		for _, command := range commands {
-			if _, err := manager.command(ctx, client, command); err != nil {
+			var err error
+			if command.sensitive {
+				_, err = manager.sensitiveCommand(ctx, client, command.value)
+			} else {
+				_, err = manager.command(ctx, client, command.value)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
 				manager.setResult(id, state, nil, err)
 				return NetworkResult{}, err
 			}

internal/device/data_linux.go

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ func setQMINetwork(
 	enabled bool,
 	apn string,
 	ipVersion string,
+	username string,
+	password string,
+	authentication string,
 ) (NetworkResult, error) {
 	qmiNetwork, err := exec.LookPath("qmi-network")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -39,6 +42,15 @@ func setQMINetwork(
 	if apn != "" {
 		profileText = "APN=" + apn + "\n" + profileText
 	}
+	if username != "" {
+		profileText += "APN_USER=" + shellProfileValue(username) + "\n"
+	}
+	if password != "" {
+		profileText += "APN_PASS=" + shellProfileValue(password) + "\n"
+	}
+	if authentication != "" && authentication != "NONE" {
+		profileText += "APN_AUTH=" + shellProfileValue(strings.ToLower(authentication)) + "\n"
+	}
 	if _, err := fmt.Fprint(profile, profileText); err != nil {
 		_ = profile.Close()
 		return NetworkResult{}, fmt.Errorf("write temporary QMI profile: %w", err)
@@ -110,6 +122,10 @@ func setQMINetwork(
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func shellProfileValue(value string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(value, "'", `'"'"'`) + "'"
+}
+
 // exportProxyRouteIdentity must stay in sync with the Export Proxy plugin's
 // Linux socket mark. Unmarked host traffic never sees the cellular default
 // route; only plugin sockets carrying this mark are policy-routed to it.

internal/device/data_other.go

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ func setQMINetwork(
 	bool,
 	string,
 	string,
+	string,
+	string,
+	string,
 ) (NetworkResult, error) {
 	return NetworkResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: QMI control is supported only on Linux", ErrDataBackendUnavailable)
 }

internal/device/data_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package device
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"vocat/internal/modem"
 )
 
 func TestSetNetworkATBackendActivatesAndDeactivatesPDP(t *testing.T) {
@@ -35,6 +38,52 @@ func TestSetNetworkATBackendActivatesAndDeactivatesPDP(t *testing.T) {
 	client.assertDone(t)
 }
 
+func TestSetNetworkATBackendAppliesPAPCredentials(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &transcriptClient{steps: []clientStep{
+		{command: `AT+CGDCONT=1,"IPV4V6","giffgaff.com"`, response: okResponse()},
+		{command: `AT+CGAUTH=1,1,"gg","p"`, response: okResponse()},
+		{command: "AT+CGATT=1", response: okResponse()},
+		{command: "AT+CGACT=1,1", response: okResponse()},
+	}}
+	manager, id := newStartedTestManager(t, client)
+	if _, err := manager.SetNetwork(context.Background(), id, NetworkRequest{
+		Enabled: true, APN: "giffgaff.com", IPVersion: "IPV4V6",
+		Username: "gg", Password: "p", Authentication: "PAP",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("enable authenticated network: %v", err)
+	}
+	client.assertDone(t)
+}
+
+func TestSetNetworkDoesNotExposeAPNCredentialsInErrorsOrState(t *testing.T) {
+	const username = "private-user"
+	const password = "private-password"
+	command := `AT+CGAUTH=1,1,"` + username + `","` + password + `"`
+	client := &transcriptClient{steps: []clientStep{
+		{command: `AT+CGDCONT=1,"IPV4V6","giffgaff.com"`, response: okResponse()},
+		{command: command, err: &modem.CommandError{Command: command, Final: "ERROR"}},
+	}}
+	manager, id := newStartedTestManager(t, client)
+	_, err := manager.SetNetwork(context.Background(), id, NetworkRequest{
+		Enabled: true, APN: "giffgaff.com", IPVersion: "IPV4V6",
+		Username: username, Password: password, Authentication: "PAP",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("SetNetwork() error = nil")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(err.Error(), username) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), password) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "AT+CGAUTH") {
+		t.Fatalf("SetNetwork() exposed credentials: %q", err)
+	}
+	entry, getErr := manager.Get(id)
+	if getErr != nil {
+		t.Fatal(getErr)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(entry.LastError, username) || strings.Contains(entry.LastError, password) || strings.Contains(entry.LastError, "AT+CGAUTH") {
+		t.Fatalf("device state exposed credentials: %q", entry.LastError)
+	}
+	client.assertDone(t)
+}
+
 func TestSetNetworkRejectsUnsafeAPNBeforeOpeningModem(t *testing.T) {
 	client := &transcriptClient{}
 	manager, id := newStartedTestManager(t, client)

internal/device/es9p.go

@@ -3,14 +3,18 @@ package device
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"vocat/internal/netguard"
 )
 
 // es9pClient speaks SGP.22 ES9+ — JSON over HTTPS — to one SM-DP+. It is the
@@ -24,25 +28,33 @@ import (
 // header.functionExecutionStatus (with statusCodeData.message holding the
 // human-readable failure, e.g. "The matchingID is not found").
 type es9pClient struct {
-	smdp string
-	http *http.Client
+	smdp     string
+	endpoint *url.URL
+	http     *http.Client
 }
 
-func newES9PClient(smdp string) *es9pClient {
-	// The eUICC — not the host — is the root of trust for RSP: during
-	// AuthenticateServer the card verifies the SM-DP+'s CERT.DPauth.SIG against
-	// its embedded CI root, so a rogue/TLS-MitM server cannot forge a signature
-	// the card will accept. The host TLS layer is transport only, and a minimal
-	// embedded box may ship no CA bundle (this is exactly what broke on the test
-	// machine), so we don't anchor host TLS to system roots. InsecureSkipVerify
-	// is safe here specifically because the card does the authoritative check.
-	transport := &http.Transport{
-		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}, //nolint:gosec // eUICC is the RSP trust anchor
+var smdpAddressPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?:[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9.-]{0,251}[A-Za-z0-9])?|\[[0-9A-Fa-f:.]+\])(?::[0-9]{1,5})?$`)
+
+func newES9PClient(ctx context.Context, smdp string) (*es9pClient, error) {
+	smdp = strings.TrimSpace(smdp)
+	if !smdpAddressPattern.MatchString(smdp) {
+		return nil, errors.New("esim: SM-DP+ address must be a hostname with an optional port")
+	}
+	candidate, err := url.Parse("https://" + smdp)
+	if err != nil || candidate.Hostname() == "" || candidate.User != nil ||
+		(candidate.Path != "" && candidate.Path != "/") || candidate.RawQuery != "" || candidate.Fragment != "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("esim: SM-DP+ address must be a hostname with an optional port")
+	}
+	candidate.Path = ""
+	validated, err := netguard.ValidatePublicURL(ctx, candidate.String(), true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: unsafe SM-DP+ address: %w", err)
 	}
 	return &es9pClient{
-		smdp: strings.TrimSpace(smdp),
-		http: &http.Client{Timeout: 90 * time.Second, Transport: transport},
-	}
+		smdp:     validated.Host,
+		endpoint: validated,
+		http:     netguard.NewPublicHTTPClient(90*time.Second, true),
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // es9pError is a failed ES9+ functionExecutionStatus. Message is the SM-DP+'s
@@ -80,12 +92,13 @@ type es9pStatusCodeData struct {
 // is decided the way lpac decides it: a non-success execution status, or a
 // missing required output field, yields an es9pError carrying the SM-DP+ message.
 func (c *es9pClient) call(ctx context.Context, function string, request map[string]string, requiredOut ...string) (map[string]json.RawMessage, error) {
-	url := "https://" + c.smdp + "/gsma/rsp2/es9plus/" + function
+	endpoint := *c.endpoint
+	endpoint.Path = "/gsma/rsp2/es9plus/" + function
 	body, err := json.Marshal(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, endpoint.String(), bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -149,31 +162,31 @@ func es9pErrFromStatus(function, status string, scd *es9pStatusCodeData) error {
 // human-readable failure when the SM-DP+ omits statusCodeData.message. Table
 // mirrors lpac's euicc/es9p_errors.c.
 var es9pErrorTable = map[[2]string]string{
-	{"8.1", "4.8"}:     "eUICC does not have sufficient space for this Profile",
-	{"8.1", "6.1"}:     "eUICC signature is invalid or serverChallenge is invalid",
-	{"8.1.1", "2.2"}:   "EID is missing in the context of this order",
-	{"8.1.1", "3.1"}:   "a different EID is already associated with this ICCID",
-	{"8.1.1", "3.8"}:   "EID doesn't match the expected value",
-	{"8.1.2", "6.1"}:   "EUM Certificate is invalid",
-	{"8.1.2", "6.3"}:   "EUM Certificate has expired",
-	{"8.1.3", "6.1"}:   "eUICC Certificate is invalid",
-	{"8.1.3", "6.3"}:   "eUICC Certificate has expired",
-	{"8.2", "1.2"}:     "Profile has not yet been released",
-	{"8.2", "3.7"}:     "BPP is not available for a new binding",
-	{"8.2.5", "3.7"}:   "No more Profile available for the requested Profile Type",
-	{"8.2.5", "4.3"}:   "No eligible Profile for this eUICC/Device",
-	{"8.2.6", "3.1"}:   "a different MatchingID is associated with this ICCID",
-	{"8.2.6", "3.3"}:   "Conflicting MatchingID value",
-	{"8.2.6", "3.8"}:   "MatchingID (AC_Token or EventID) is refused",
-	{"8.2.7", "2.2"}:   "Confirmation Code is missing",
-	{"8.2.7", "3.8"}:   "Confirmation Code is refused",
-	{"8.2.7", "6.4"}:   "maximum number of retries for the Confirmation Code exceeded",
-	{"8.8.1", "3.8"}:   "Invalid SM-DP+ Address",
-	{"8.8.4", "3.7"}:   "The SM-DP+ has no CERT.DPauth.ECDSA signed by one of the CI Public Key supported by the eUICC",
-	{"8.8.5", "4.1"}:   "The Download order has expired",
-	{"8.8.5", "6.4"}:   "maximum number of retries for the Profile download order exceeded",
-	{"8.10.1", "3.9"}:  "The RSP session identified by the TransactionID is unknown",
-	{"8.11.1", "3.9"}:  "Unknown CI Public Key. The CI used by the EUM Certificate is not a trusted root.",
+	{"8.1", "4.8"}:    "eUICC does not have sufficient space for this Profile",
+	{"8.1", "6.1"}:    "eUICC signature is invalid or serverChallenge is invalid",
+	{"8.1.1", "2.2"}:  "EID is missing in the context of this order",
+	{"8.1.1", "3.1"}:  "a different EID is already associated with this ICCID",
+	{"8.1.1", "3.8"}:  "EID doesn't match the expected value",
+	{"8.1.2", "6.1"}:  "EUM Certificate is invalid",
+	{"8.1.2", "6.3"}:  "EUM Certificate has expired",
+	{"8.1.3", "6.1"}:  "eUICC Certificate is invalid",
+	{"8.1.3", "6.3"}:  "eUICC Certificate has expired",
+	{"8.2", "1.2"}:    "Profile has not yet been released",
+	{"8.2", "3.7"}:    "BPP is not available for a new binding",
+	{"8.2.5", "3.7"}:  "No more Profile available for the requested Profile Type",
+	{"8.2.5", "4.3"}:  "No eligible Profile for this eUICC/Device",
+	{"8.2.6", "3.1"}:  "a different MatchingID is associated with this ICCID",
+	{"8.2.6", "3.3"}:  "Conflicting MatchingID value",
+	{"8.2.6", "3.8"}:  "MatchingID (AC_Token or EventID) is refused",
+	{"8.2.7", "2.2"}:  "Confirmation Code is missing",
+	{"8.2.7", "3.8"}:  "Confirmation Code is refused",
+	{"8.2.7", "6.4"}:  "maximum number of retries for the Confirmation Code exceeded",
+	{"8.8.1", "3.8"}:  "Invalid SM-DP+ Address",
+	{"8.8.4", "3.7"}:  "The SM-DP+ has no CERT.DPauth.ECDSA signed by one of the CI Public Key supported by the eUICC",
+	{"8.8.5", "4.1"}:  "The Download order has expired",
+	{"8.8.5", "6.4"}:  "maximum number of retries for the Profile download order exceeded",
+	{"8.10.1", "3.9"}: "The RSP session identified by the TransactionID is unknown",
+	{"8.11.1", "3.9"}: "Unknown CI Public Key. The CI used by the EUM Certificate is not a trusted root.",
 }
 
 func es9pErrorMessage(subjectCode, reasonCode string) string {
@@ -254,10 +267,10 @@ func (c *es9pClient) initiateAuthentication(ctx context.Context, euiccChallenge,
 // es9pAuthenticateResult carries the profile metadata and the SM-DP+ download
 // authorization needed for PrepareDownload.
 type es9pAuthenticateResult struct {
-	TransactionID  string
+	TransactionID   string
 	ProfileMetadata []byte
-	SmdpSigned2    []byte
-	SmdpSignature2 []byte
+	SmdpSigned2     []byte
+	SmdpSignature2  []byte
 	SmdpCertificate []byte
 }
 
@@ -287,7 +300,7 @@ func (c *es9pClient) authenticateClient(ctx context.Context, transactionID strin
 
 func (c *es9pClient) getBoundProfilePackage(ctx context.Context, transactionID string, prepareDownloadResponse []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	root, err := c.call(ctx, "getBoundProfilePackage", map[string]string{
-		"transactionId":          transactionID,
+		"transactionId":           transactionID,
 		"prepareDownloadResponse": es9pBase64Encode(prepareDownloadResponse),
 	}, "boundProfilePackage")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -300,10 +313,34 @@ func (c *es9pClient) getBoundProfilePackage(ctx context.Context, transactionID s
 // for the download case). It is best-effort: the profile is already installed, so
 // a notification failure is reported by the caller as a warning, not a failure.
 func (c *es9pClient) handleNotification(ctx context.Context, pendingNotification []byte) error {
-	_, err := c.call(ctx, "handleNotification", map[string]string{
+	endpoint := *c.endpoint
+	endpoint.Path = "/gsma/rsp2/es9plus/handleNotification"
+	body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"pendingNotification": es9pBase64Encode(pendingNotification),
 	})
-	return err
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, endpoint.String(), bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "gsma-rsp-lpad")
+	request.Header.Set("X-Admin-Protocol", "gsma/rsp/v2.2.2")
+	response, err := c.http.Do(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("es9p handleNotification: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer response.Body.Close()
+	_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, io.LimitReader(response.Body, 1<<20))
+	// SGP.22 defines HandleNotification as a notification-handler function:
+	// success is an empty HTTP 204 response, not the JSON envelope returned by
+	// ordinary ES9+ request-response functions.
+	if response.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+		return fmt.Errorf("es9p handleNotification: receiver returned HTTP %d", response.StatusCode)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // cancelSession aborts an in-flight download so the SM-DP+ releases the

internal/device/es9p_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -16,9 +17,15 @@ func newTestES9P(t *testing.T, handler http.HandlerFunc) *es9pClient {
 	t.Helper()
 	server := httptest.NewTLSServer(handler)
 	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
-	client := newES9PClient(strings.TrimPrefix(server.URL, "https://"))
-	client.http = server.Client()
-	return client
+	endpoint, err := url.Parse(server.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &es9pClient{
+		smdp:     strings.TrimPrefix(server.URL, "https://"),
+		endpoint: endpoint,
+		http:     server.Client(),
+	}
 }
 
 func successEnvelope(fields map[string]any) map[string]any {
@@ -33,6 +40,21 @@ func successEnvelope(fields map[string]any) map[string]any {
 
 func b64(value []byte) string { return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(value) }
 
+func TestNewES9PClientRejectsUnsafeAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, address := range []string{
+		"https://rsp.example.com",
+		"127.0.0.1",
+		"169.254.169.254",
+		"rsp.example.com/unexpected/path",
+		"user:[email protected]",
+		"rsp.example.com\r\nX-Injected: yes",
+	} {
+		if _, err := newES9PClient(context.Background(), address); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("newES9PClient(%q) accepted an unsafe address", address)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestInitiateAuthenticationSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	signed1 := []byte{0x30, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01, 0x09}
 	client := newTestES9P(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -141,3 +163,34 @@ func TestGetBoundProfilePackageSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("bpp = %X, want %X", got, pkg)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHandleNotificationRequiresHTTP204(t *testing.T) {
+	pending := []byte{0xBF, 0x37, 0x00}
+	client := newTestES9P(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/gsma/rsp2/es9plus/handleNotification" {
+			t.Errorf("path = %s", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		if r.Header.Get("X-Admin-Protocol") != "gsma/rsp/v2.2.2" {
+			t.Errorf("X-Admin-Protocol = %q", r.Header.Get("X-Admin-Protocol"))
+		}
+		var request map[string]string
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("decode request: %v", err)
+		}
+		decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(request["pendingNotification"])
+		if err != nil || !bytes.Equal(decoded, pending) {
+			t.Errorf("pendingNotification = %q (%X), err=%v", request["pendingNotification"], decoded, err)
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	})
+	if err := client.handleNotification(context.Background(), pending); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("handleNotification: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	client = newTestES9P(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(successEnvelope(nil))
+	})
+	if err := client.handleNotification(context.Background(), pending); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "HTTP 200") {
+		t.Fatalf("HTTP 200 error = %v", err)
+	}
+}

internal/device/esim.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 	"vocat/internal/i18n"
 	"vocat/internal/modem"
+	"vocat/internal/pcsc"
 )
 
 // eUICC / eSIM (LPA, SGP.22) access over the modem's AT+CSIM APDU passthrough.
@@ -190,9 +191,11 @@ func parseCSIM(response modem.Response) ([]byte, int, error) {
 
 // euiccChannel is an open logical channel to the eUICC's ISD-R.
 type euiccChannel struct {
-	manager *Manager
-	id      string
-	channel int
+	manager      *Manager
+	id           string
+	channel      int
+	pcscSession  *pcsc.Session
+	resetOnClose bool
 }
 
 // csimAPDUTimeout bounds a single AT+CSIM exchange. Loading a BoundProfilePackage
@@ -264,6 +267,14 @@ func (manager *Manager) openEuiccOnce(ctx context.Context, id string) (*euiccCha
 }
 
 func (manager *Manager) openEuiccOnceAID(ctx context.Context, id, aidHex string) (*euiccChannel, error) {
+	state, lookupErr := manager.lookup(id)
+	if lookupErr != nil {
+		return nil, lookupErr
+	}
+	candidate := manager.candidateFor(state)
+	if candidate.HardwareKind == pcsc.HardwareKind {
+		return manager.openPCSCEuiccOnceAID(ctx, id, candidate, aidHex)
+	}
 	// MANAGE CHANNEL (open): 00 70 00 00 01 -> "<channel> 90 00". This EC20
 	// firmware requires the explicit one-byte expected length: Le=00 opens a
 	// channel but then rejects SELECT ISD-R at the AT+CSIM layer.
@@ -302,6 +313,37 @@ func (manager *Manager) openEuiccOnceAID(ctx context.Context, id, aidHex string)
 	return channel, nil
 }
 
+func (manager *Manager) openPCSCEuiccOnceAID(ctx context.Context, id string, candidate modem.Candidate, aidHex string) (*euiccChannel, error) {
+	session, err := manager.cardReaders.OpenSession(ctx, pcsc.Selector{
+		USBPath: candidate.USBPath, ReaderName: candidate.ReaderName,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	payload, sw, err := session.Transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01})
+	if err != nil || sw != 0x9000 || len(payload) != 1 {
+		session.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: PC/SC MANAGE CHANNEL: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil, errNoLogicalChannel
+	}
+	channel := &euiccChannel{manager: manager, id: id, channel: int(payload[0]), pcscSession: session}
+	aidHex = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(aidHex))
+	aid, err := hex.DecodeString(aidHex)
+	if err != nil || len(aid) == 0 || len(aid) > 255 {
+		channel.close(context.Background())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: invalid ISD-R AID %q", aidHex)
+	}
+	selectAID := append([]byte{byte(channel.channel), 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, byte(len(aid))}, aid...)
+	_, selectSW, err := channel.transmit(ctx, selectAID, 0x00)
+	if err != nil || selectSW != 0x9000 {
+		channel.close(context.Background())
+		return nil, errNoEUICC
+	}
+	return channel, nil
+}
+
 // discoverEuiccAIDs detects eSTK multi-SE and alternate-ISD-R cards without
 // changing any profile state. The vendor product applet and candidate ISD-R
 // applications are selected only as read-only capability probes. Per
@@ -352,7 +394,23 @@ func isTransientEuiccCME(err error) bool {
 // close releases the logical channel (MANAGE CHANNEL close).
 func (channel *euiccChannel) close(ctx context.Context) {
 	closeAPDU := []byte{0x00, 0x70, 0x80, byte(channel.channel), 0x00}
-	_, _, _ = channel.manager.csim(ctx, channel.id, closeAPDU)
+	_, _, _ = channel.exchange(ctx, closeAPDU)
+	if channel.pcscSession != nil {
+		if channel.resetOnClose {
+			_ = channel.pcscSession.CloseWithReset()
+		} else {
+			_ = channel.pcscSession.Close()
+		}
+		channel.pcscSession = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (channel *euiccChannel) exchange(ctx context.Context, apdu []byte) ([]byte, int, error) {
+	if channel.pcscSession != nil {
+		payload, sw, err := channel.pcscSession.Transmit(ctx, apdu)
+		return payload, int(sw), err
+	}
+	return channel.manager.csim(ctx, channel.id, apdu)
 }
 
 // transmit sends one APDU on the logical channel (CLA high nibble from insClass,
@@ -360,7 +418,7 @@ func (channel *euiccChannel) close(ctx context.Context) {
 // and returns the assembled payload.
 func (channel *euiccChannel) transmit(ctx context.Context, apdu []byte, insClass byte) ([]byte, int, error) {
 	apdu[0] = (apdu[0] & 0xF0) | byte(channel.channel)
-	payload, sw, err := channel.manager.csim(ctx, channel.id, apdu)
+	payload, sw, err := channel.exchange(ctx, apdu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -369,7 +427,7 @@ func (channel *euiccChannel) transmit(ctx context.Context, apdu []byte, insClass
 	for sw>>8 == 0x61 && guard < 24 {
 		guard++
 		getResponse := []byte{0x80 | byte(channel.channel), 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, byte(sw & 0xFF)}
-		frag, nextSW, err := channel.manager.csim(ctx, channel.id, getResponse)
+		frag, nextSW, err := channel.exchange(ctx, getResponse)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, err
 		}
@@ -610,6 +668,7 @@ func (manager *Manager) ESIMSwitchProfile(ctx context.Context, id string, iccid
 	// Release the logical channel before any reset: openEuicc's csim holds
 	// opMu only for the duration of each APDU, so by here the lock is free.
 	closeContext, cancelClose := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), csimAPDUTimeout)
+	channel.resetOnClose = channel.pcscSession != nil
 	channel.close(closeContext)
 	cancelClose()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -780,9 +839,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) renameCachedProfile(id, iccid, nickname string) {
 // initiating HTTP request. EC20 commonly drops the AT port while processing
 // CFUN=1,1, so the reset error is intentionally followed by discovery retries.
 func (manager *Manager) recoverAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
-	resetContext, cancelReset := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.longTimeout)
-	_ = manager.rebootForProfileSwitch(resetContext, id)
-	cancelReset()
+	if !manager.isPCSCDevice(id) {
+		resetContext, cancelReset := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.longTimeout)
+		_ = manager.rebootForProfileSwitch(resetContext, id)
+		cancelReset()
+	}
 	manager.refreshAfterProfileSwitch(id)
 }
 
@@ -795,6 +856,20 @@ func (manager *Manager) recoverAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
 // the next attempt. All errors are swallowed: this is best-effort self-healing
 // and setResult already records the last failure for the UI.
 func (manager *Manager) refreshAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
+	if manager.isPCSCDevice(id) {
+		time.Sleep(750 * time.Millisecond)
+		for attempt := 0; attempt < 10; attempt++ {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), manager.commandTimeout*4)
+			_, _ = manager.Discover(ctx)
+			_, err := manager.Refresh(ctx, id)
+			cancel()
+			if err == nil {
+				return
+			}
+			time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		}
+		return
+	}
 	const (
 		settle   = 8 * time.Second
 		interval = 4 * time.Second
@@ -819,6 +894,14 @@ func (manager *Manager) refreshAfterProfileSwitch(id string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (manager *Manager) isPCSCDevice(id string) bool {
+	state, err := manager.lookup(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return manager.candidateFor(state).HardwareKind == pcsc.HardwareKind
+}
+
 // enableProfileResult extracts the EnableProfile result code (tag 80) from the
 // ES10c response body. ok is false when no result code is present.
 func enableProfileResult(payload []byte) (int, bool) {
@@ -888,25 +971,37 @@ func (manager *Manager) verifySwitchedICCID(ctx context.Context, id, expected st
 	var lastICCID string
 	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt < attempts; attempt++ {
-		for _, command := range []string{"AT+CCID", "AT+QCCID"} {
-			commandContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, manager.commandTimeout)
-			response, err := manager.ExecuteAT(commandContext, id, command)
-			cancel()
-			if err != nil {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
+		if manager.isPCSCDevice(id) {
+			snapshot, err := manager.Refresh(ctx, id)
+			if err == nil {
+				lastICCID = strings.TrimSpace(snapshot.ICCID)
+				if lastICCID == expected {
+					return nil
+				}
+				err = fmt.Errorf("reader still reports ICCID %s", lastICCID)
 			}
-			live := parseICCIDIdentifier(response, []string{"+CCID:", "+QCCID:"}, 18, 22)
-			if live == "" {
-				lastErr = errors.New("modem response contained no valid ICCID")
-				continue
+			lastErr = err
+		} else {
+			for _, command := range []string{"AT+CCID", "AT+QCCID"} {
+				commandContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, manager.commandTimeout)
+				response, err := manager.ExecuteAT(commandContext, id, command)
+				cancel()
+				if err != nil {
+					lastErr = err
+					continue
+				}
+				live := parseICCIDIdentifier(response, []string{"+CCID:", "+QCCID:"}, 18, 22)
+				if live == "" {
+					lastErr = errors.New("modem response contained no valid ICCID")
+					continue
+				}
+				lastICCID = live
+				if live == expected {
+					return nil
+				}
+				lastErr = fmt.Errorf("modem still reports ICCID %s", live)
+				break
 			}
-			lastICCID = live
-			if live == expected {
-				return nil
-			}
-			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("modem still reports ICCID %s", live)
-			break
 		}
 		if attempt+1 < attempts {
 			select {

internal/device/esim_delete.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -101,13 +102,24 @@ func (manager *Manager) ESIMDeleteProfile(ctx context.Context, id, iccid, aidHex
 	}
 
 	deleted := &EsimDeleteResult{}
+	var warnings []string
 	if info2, infoErr := channel.getEUICCInfo2(ctx); infoErr == nil {
 		if freeAfter, afterKnown := euiccFreeNVRAM(info2); beforeKnown && afterKnown && freeAfter >= freeBefore {
 			deleted.SpaceDelta = int64(freeAfter - freeBefore)
 		}
 	} else {
-		deleted.Warning = "Profile was deleted, but reclaimed storage could not be read"
+		warnings = append(warnings, "Profile 已删除，但无法读取释放的存储空间")
 	}
+	// DeleteProfile creates a signed notification only when the Profile metadata
+	// configured a receiver. Flush all retained notifications so earlier events
+	// for the same receiver cannot be overtaken by this delete event.
+	notifyContext, cancelNotify := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 2*time.Minute)
+	notifyErr := channel.deliverPendingNotifications(notifyContext)
+	cancelNotify()
+	if notifyErr != nil {
+		warnings = append(warnings, "Profile 已删除，但运营商通知发送失败；通知已保留在 eUICC，可稍后重发")
+	}
+	deleted.Warning = strings.Join(warnings, "；")
 	manager.removeCachedProfile(id, strings.TrimSpace(iccid))
 	return deleted, nil
 }

internal/device/esim_download.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 )
 
 // EsimDownloadParams are the SPA download form fields, mapped from the
@@ -74,7 +75,10 @@ func (manager *Manager) ESIMDownloadProfile(ctx context.Context, id string, para
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	client := newES9PClient(smdp)
+	client, err := newES9PClient(ctx, smdp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	report("auth_client", "正在向 SM-DP+ 进行客户端身份认证...", 30)
 	init, err := client.initiateAuthentication(ctx, challenge, info1)
@@ -127,15 +131,24 @@ func (manager *Manager) ESIMDownloadProfile(ctx context.Context, id string, para
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	iccid, err := installationResult(installResponse)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	report("notify", "正在向运营商发送下载通知...", 90)
+	iccid, installErr := installationResult(installResponse)
 	warning := ""
-	if err := client.handleNotification(ctx, installResponse); err != nil {
-		warning = "Profile 已安装，但下载通知发送失败"
+	notification, notificationErr := parsePendingNotification(installResponse)
+	if notificationErr == nil {
+		// Loading the final BPP segment is the commit point. Finish the operator
+		// acknowledgement even if the browser closes its SSE connection now.
+		notifyContext, cancelNotify := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 2*time.Minute)
+		notificationErr = channel.deliverNotification(notifyContext, notification)
+		cancelNotify()
+	}
+	if notificationErr != nil {
+		warning = "Profile 安装结果已保留在 eUICC，但向运营商上报失败，可在当前通知列表中重发"
+	}
+	// Error installation results must be reported too. Return the card-side
+	// installation failure only after making that best-effort ES9+ attempt.
+	if installErr != nil {
+		return nil, installErr
 	}
 
 	freeAfter := freeBefore

internal/device/esim_lpa.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (channel *euiccChannel) storeDataChained(ctx context.Context, derRequest []
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if sw != 0x9000 {
+		if !es10StatusOK(sw) {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: SW=%04X", errESIMSW, sw)
 		}
 		assembled = append(assembled, payload...)
@@ -62,6 +62,14 @@ func (channel *euiccChannel) storeDataChained(ctx context.Context, derRequest []
 	return assembled, nil
 }
 
+// 91xx is a successful UICC result with a proactive SIM Toolkit command
+// pending. EnableProfile commonly returns it on direct PC/SC transports because
+// the requested refresh is delivered to the terminal rather than consumed by
+// modem firmware. Resetting the card after the operation applies that refresh.
+func es10StatusOK(sw int) bool {
+	return sw == 0x9000 || sw>>8 == 0x91
+}
+
 // getEUICCChallenge (ES10c, BF2E) returns the eUICC challenge bytes.
 func (channel *euiccChannel) getEUICCChallenge(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
 	payload, err := channel.es10(ctx, []byte{0xBF, 0x2E, 0x00})

internal/device/esim_lpa_test.go

@@ -155,3 +155,16 @@ func TestEuiccFreeNVRAM(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected ok=false when extCardResource absent")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestES10StatusAcceptsProactiveRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, status := range []int{0x9000, 0x9100, 0x910B, 0x91FF} {
+		if !es10StatusOK(status) {
+			t.Fatalf("status %04X should be successful", status)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, status := range []int{0x6A82, 0x6985, 0x9200} {
+		if es10StatusOK(status) {
+			t.Fatalf("status %04X should fail", status)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/device/esim_notifications.go

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// EsimNotification is one notification retained by an eUICC until its receiver
+// acknowledges it through ES9+.HandleNotification.
+type EsimNotification struct {
+	SequenceNumber uint64 `json:"sequenceNumber"`
+	Event          string `json:"event,omitempty"`
+	ICCID          string `json:"iccid,omitempty"`
+	Address        string `json:"address,omitempty"`
+	AIDHex         string `json:"aidHex,omitempty"`
+	CanRetry       bool   `json:"canRetry"`
+
+	raw []byte
+}
+
+func encodePositiveInteger(value uint64) []byte {
+	if value == 0 {
+		return []byte{0}
+	}
+	encoded := make([]byte, 8)
+	for index := len(encoded) - 1; index >= 0; index-- {
+		encoded[index] = byte(value & 0xff)
+		value >>= 8
+	}
+	for len(encoded) > 1 && encoded[0] == 0 {
+		encoded = encoded[1:]
+	}
+	if encoded[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+		encoded = append([]byte{0}, encoded...)
+	}
+	return encoded
+}
+
+func decodePositiveInteger(encoded []byte) (uint64, bool) {
+	if len(encoded) == 0 || len(encoded) > 9 || encoded[0]&0x80 != 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	if len(encoded) == 9 {
+		if encoded[0] != 0 {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		encoded = encoded[1:]
+	}
+	var value uint64
+	for _, octet := range encoded {
+		value = value<<8 | uint64(octet)
+	}
+	return value, true
+}
+
+func buildRetrieveNotificationsRequest(sequenceNumber *uint64) []byte {
+	if sequenceNumber == nil {
+		return derConstruct(0xBF2B)
+	}
+	return derConstruct(0xBF2B, derEncode(0x80, encodePositiveInteger(*sequenceNumber)))
+}
+
+func buildListNotificationsRequest() []byte {
+	return derConstruct(0xBF28)
+}
+
+func buildRemoveNotificationRequest(sequenceNumber uint64) []byte {
+	return derConstruct(0xBF30, derEncode(0x80, encodePositiveInteger(sequenceNumber)))
+}
+
+func notificationEventName(bitString []byte) string {
+	if len(bitString) < 2 || bitString[0] > 7 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	bitCount := (len(bitString)-1)*8 - int(bitString[0])
+	for bit := 0; bit < bitCount; bit++ {
+		if bitString[1+bit/8]&(0x80>>uint(bit%8)) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch bit {
+		case 0:
+			return "install"
+		case 1, 4:
+			return "enable"
+		case 2, 5:
+			return "disable"
+		case 3, 6:
+			return "delete"
+		case 7:
+			return "rpm"
+		default:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("event-%d", bit)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func notificationFromMetadata(metadata *derNode) (EsimNotification, error) {
+	sequenceNumber, ok := decodePositiveInteger(derValue(metadata.children, 0x80))
+	if !ok {
+		return EsimNotification{}, errors.New("esim: pending notification has an invalid sequence number")
+	}
+	address := strings.TrimSpace(string(derValue(metadata.children, 0x0C)))
+	if address == "" {
+		return EsimNotification{}, errors.New("esim: pending notification has no receiver address")
+	}
+	return EsimNotification{
+		SequenceNumber: sequenceNumber,
+		Event:          notificationEventName(derValue(metadata.children, 0x81)),
+		ICCID:          decodeICCID(derValue(metadata.children, 0x5A)),
+		Address:        address,
+		CanRetry:       true,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func parsePendingNotification(raw []byte) (EsimNotification, error) {
+	metadataNodes := derFindAll(derParse(raw), 0xBF2F)
+	if len(metadataNodes) == 0 {
+		return EsimNotification{}, errors.New("esim: pending notification has no metadata")
+	}
+	notification, err := notificationFromMetadata(metadataNodes[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return EsimNotification{}, err
+	}
+	notification.raw = append([]byte(nil), raw...)
+	return notification, nil
+}
+
+func parseNotificationMetadataList(payload []byte) ([]EsimNotification, error) {
+	tag, headerLength, totalLength, err := derElementAt(payload, 0)
+	if err != nil || tag != 0xBF28 || totalLength != len(payload) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: unexpected ListNotification response %s", strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload)))
+	}
+	value := payload[headerLength:totalLength]
+	responseNodes := derParse(value)
+	if len(responseNodes) == 1 && (responseNodes[0].tag == 0x81 || responseNodes[0].tag == 0x80 || responseNodes[0].tag == 0x02) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: eUICC could not list notifications (result %X)", responseNodes[0].value)
+	}
+	metadataNodes := derFindAll(responseNodes, 0xBF2F)
+	notifications := make([]EsimNotification, 0, len(metadataNodes))
+	for _, metadata := range metadataNodes {
+		notification, parseErr := notificationFromMetadata(metadata)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			return nil, parseErr
+		}
+		notifications = append(notifications, notification)
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(notifications, func(left, right int) bool {
+		if notifications[left].Address == notifications[right].Address {
+			return notifications[left].SequenceNumber < notifications[right].SequenceNumber
+		}
+		return notifications[left].Address < notifications[right].Address
+	})
+	return notifications, nil
+}
+
+func parsePendingNotifications(payload []byte) ([]EsimNotification, error) {
+	tag, headerLength, totalLength, err := derElementAt(payload, 0)
+	if err != nil || tag != 0xBF2B || totalLength != len(payload) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: unexpected RetrieveNotificationsList response %s", strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload)))
+	}
+	value := payload[headerLength:totalLength]
+	responseNodes := derParse(value)
+	if len(responseNodes) == 1 && (responseNodes[0].tag == 0x81 || responseNodes[0].tag == 0x80 || responseNodes[0].tag == 0x02) {
+		errorCode := responseNodes[0].value
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("esim: eUICC could not retrieve notifications (result %X)", errorCode)
+	}
+	// The notificationList CHOICE alternative is encoded as context tag A0 by
+	// AUTOMATIC TAGS on newer eUICCs. Older cards are also seen returning the
+	// SEQUENCE OF contents directly. Accept both without including the list
+	// wrapper in the PendingNotification sent to ES9+.
+	if len(responseNodes) == 1 && responseNodes[0].tag == 0xA0 {
+		value = responseNodes[0].value
+	} else if len(responseNodes) == 1 && responseNodes[0].tag == 0x30 && firstChild(responseNodes[0].children, 0xBF2F) == nil {
+		value = responseNodes[0].value
+	}
+
+	var notifications []EsimNotification
+	for offset := 0; offset < len(value); {
+		_, _, elementLength, elementErr := derElementAt(value, offset)
+		if elementErr != nil {
+			return nil, elementErr
+		}
+		raw := value[offset : offset+elementLength]
+		notification, parseErr := parsePendingNotification(raw)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			return nil, parseErr
+		}
+		notifications = append(notifications, notification)
+		offset += elementLength
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(notifications, func(left, right int) bool {
+		if notifications[left].Address == notifications[right].Address {
+			return notifications[left].SequenceNumber < notifications[right].SequenceNumber
+		}
+		return notifications[left].Address < notifications[right].Address
+	})
+	return notifications, nil
+}
+
+func removeNotificationResult(payload []byte) error {
+	roots := derParse(payload)
+	if len(roots) != 1 || roots[0].tag != 0xBF30 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("esim: unexpected RemoveNotificationFromList response %s", strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload)))
+	}
+	result := derValue(roots[0].children, 0x80)
+	if len(result) == 0 {
+		result = derValue(roots[0].children, 0x02)
+	}
+	if len(result) != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("esim: malformed RemoveNotificationFromList response %s", strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload)))
+	}
+	switch result[0] {
+	case 0, 1: // ok, or already removed after an earlier acknowledged retry
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("esim: eUICC could not remove notification (result %d)", result[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func (channel *euiccChannel) retrieveNotifications(ctx context.Context, sequenceNumber *uint64) ([]EsimNotification, error) {
+	payload, err := channel.es10(ctx, buildRetrieveNotificationsRequest(sequenceNumber))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parsePendingNotifications(payload)
+}
+
+func (channel *euiccChannel) listNotifications(ctx context.Context) ([]EsimNotification, error) {
+	payload, err := channel.es10(ctx, buildListNotificationsRequest())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseNotificationMetadataList(payload)
+}
+
+func (channel *euiccChannel) removeNotification(ctx context.Context, sequenceNumber uint64) error {
+	payload, err := channel.es10(ctx, buildRemoveNotificationRequest(sequenceNumber))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return removeNotificationResult(payload)
+}
+
+func (channel *euiccChannel) deliverNotification(ctx context.Context, notification EsimNotification) error {
+	client, err := newES9PClient(ctx, notification.Address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := client.handleNotification(ctx, notification.raw); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := channel.removeNotification(ctx, notification.SequenceNumber); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("notification acknowledged but could not be removed from eUICC: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// deliverPendingNotifications sends each receiver's notifications oldest first.
+// A failed item stops only that receiver's group so a later sequence number can
+// never overtake it and make the older notification stale.
+func (channel *euiccChannel) deliverPendingNotifications(ctx context.Context) error {
+	notifications, err := channel.listNotifications(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	blockedAddresses := make(map[string]bool)
+	var failures []error
+	for _, notification := range notifications {
+		if blockedAddresses[notification.Address] {
+			continue
+		}
+		pending, retrieveErr := channel.retrieveNotifications(ctx, &notification.SequenceNumber)
+		if retrieveErr == nil {
+			retrieveErr = fmt.Errorf("esim: notification %d was not returned by eUICC", notification.SequenceNumber)
+			for _, candidate := range pending {
+				if candidate.SequenceNumber == notification.SequenceNumber {
+					retrieveErr = channel.deliverNotification(ctx, candidate)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if retrieveErr != nil {
+			blockedAddresses[notification.Address] = true
+			failures = append(failures, fmt.Errorf("notification %d to %s: %w", notification.SequenceNumber, notification.Address, retrieveErr))
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(failures...)
+}
+
+// ESIMNotifications returns the notifications retained across every eUICC
+// storage exposed by the physical card.
+func (manager *Manager) ESIMNotifications(ctx context.Context, id string) ([]EsimNotification, error) {
+	manager.esimMu.Lock()
+	defer manager.esimMu.Unlock()
+	if err := manager.waitForESIMRecovery(ctx, id); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var all []EsimNotification
+	var lastErr error
+	succeeded := false
+	for _, aid := range manager.discoverEuiccAIDs(ctx, id) {
+		channel, err := manager.openEuiccAID(ctx, id, aid)
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		notifications, retrieveErr := channel.listNotifications(ctx)
+		channel.close(context.Background())
+		if retrieveErr != nil {
+			lastErr = retrieveErr
+			continue
+		}
+		succeeded = true
+		for index := range notifications {
+			notifications[index].AIDHex = aid
+		}
+		all = append(all, notifications...)
+	}
+	if !succeeded && lastErr != nil {
+		return nil, lastErr
+	}
+	return all, nil
+}
+
+// ESIMRetryNotification sends one retained notification and removes it from the
+// eUICC only after the receiver returns the SGP.22 success acknowledgement.
+func (manager *Manager) ESIMRetryNotification(ctx context.Context, id, aidHex string, sequenceNumber uint64) error {
+	manager.esimMu.Lock()
+	defer manager.esimMu.Unlock()
+	if err := manager.waitForESIMRecovery(ctx, id); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	channel, err := manager.openEuiccAID(ctx, id, targetEuiccAID(aidHex))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer channel.close(context.Background())
+	notifications, err := channel.retrieveNotifications(ctx, &sequenceNumber)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, notification := range notifications {
+		if notification.SequenceNumber == sequenceNumber {
+			return channel.deliverNotification(ctx, notification)
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("esim: notification %d was not found", sequenceNumber)
+}

internal/device/esim_notifications_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPositiveIntegerEncodingRoundTripsFullUint64Range(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, value := range []uint64{0, 1, 127, 128, 255, 256, ^uint64(0)} {
+		encoded := encodePositiveInteger(value)
+		decoded, ok := decodePositiveInteger(encoded)
+		if !ok || decoded != value {
+			t.Errorf("round trip %d: encoded=%X decoded=%d ok=%t", value, encoded, decoded, ok)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func testNotificationMetadata(t *testing.T, sequence byte, event []byte, address, iccid string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	iccidBCD, err := encodeICCID(iccid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return derConstruct(0xBF2F,
+		derEncode(0x80, []byte{sequence}),
+		derEncode(0x81, event),
+		derEncode(0x0C, []byte(address)),
+		derEncode(0x5A, iccidBCD),
+	)
+}
+
+func TestParsePendingNotifications(t *testing.T) {
+	installMetadata := testNotificationMetadata(t, 7, []byte{7, 0x80}, "install.example.com", "8944476500017228672")
+	install := derConstruct(0xBF37, derConstruct(0xBF27, installMetadata))
+	deleteMetadata := testNotificationMetadata(t, 9, []byte{4, 0x10}, "delete.example.com", "89441000400128014257")
+	deleted := derConstruct(0x30, deleteMetadata, derEncode(0x5F37, []byte{1, 2, 3}))
+
+	notifications, err := parsePendingNotifications(derConstruct(0xBF2B, derConstruct(0xA0, install, deleted)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parsePendingNotifications: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(notifications) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("notifications = %#v", notifications)
+	}
+	// Results are grouped by receiver, then sorted by sequence number.
+	if got := notifications[0]; got.SequenceNumber != 9 || got.Event != "delete" ||
+		got.Address != "delete.example.com" || got.ICCID != "89441000400128014257" || !bytes.Equal(got.raw, deleted) {
+		t.Fatalf("delete notification = %#v, raw=%X", got, got.raw)
+	}
+	if got := notifications[1]; got.SequenceNumber != 7 || got.Event != "install" ||
+		got.Address != "install.example.com" || got.ICCID != "8944476500017228672" || !bytes.Equal(got.raw, install) {
+		t.Fatalf("install notification = %#v, raw=%X", got, got.raw)
+	}
+
+	metadata, err := parseNotificationMetadataList(derConstruct(0xBF28, derConstruct(0xA0, installMetadata, deleteMetadata)))
+	if err != nil || len(metadata) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("parseNotificationMetadataList = %#v, %v", metadata, err)
+	}
+	if metadata[0].SequenceNumber != 9 || metadata[0].Event != "delete" || len(metadata[0].raw) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("listed metadata = %#v", metadata[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNotificationRequestsAndRemoveResult(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := buildListNotificationsRequest(); !bytes.Equal(got, []byte{0xBF, 0x28, 0x00}) {
+		t.Fatalf("list request = %X", got)
+	}
+	if got := buildRetrieveNotificationsRequest(nil); !bytes.Equal(got, []byte{0xBF, 0x2B, 0x00}) {
+		t.Fatalf("retrieve all request = %X", got)
+	}
+	sequenceNumber := uint64(128)
+	wantRetrieve := []byte{0xBF, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x80}
+	if got := buildRetrieveNotificationsRequest(&sequenceNumber); !bytes.Equal(got, wantRetrieve) {
+		t.Fatalf("retrieve request = %X, want %X", got, wantRetrieve)
+	}
+	wantRemove := []byte{0xBF, 0x30, 0x04, 0x80, 0x02, 0x00, 0x80}
+	if got := buildRemoveNotificationRequest(sequenceNumber); !bytes.Equal(got, wantRemove) {
+		t.Fatalf("remove request = %X, want %X", got, wantRemove)
+	}
+	if err := removeNotificationResult([]byte{0xBF, 0x30, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01, 0x00}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("removeNotificationResult(ok): %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := removeNotificationResult([]byte{0xBF, 0x30, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01, 0x7F}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("undefinedError response was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParsePendingNotificationsRejectsMalformedMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	missingAddress := derConstruct(0x30, derConstruct(0xBF2F,
+		derEncode(0x80, []byte{1}),
+		derEncode(0x81, []byte{4, 0x10}),
+	))
+	if _, err := parsePendingNotifications(derConstruct(0xBF2B, missingAddress)); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("notification without receiver address was accepted")
+	}
+}

internal/device/manager.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"vocat/internal/modem"
+	"vocat/internal/pcsc"
 )
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	LongTimeout    time.Duration
 	SMSTimeout     time.Duration
 	ScanTimeout    time.Duration
+	CardReaders    *pcsc.Service
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 	longTimeout    time.Duration
 	smsTimeout     time.Duration
 	scanTimeout    time.Duration
+	cardReaders    *pcsc.Service
 	started        bool
 	devices        map[string]*managedDevice
 	ussdSessions   map[string]ussdSession
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ type managedDevice struct {
 	discovered        bool
 	preFlightMode     *int
 	resetClientOnLock bool
+	simPIN            string
 }
 
 func NewManager(options Options) (*Manager, error) {
@@ -82,6 +86,9 @@ func NewManager(options Options) (*Manager, error) {
 		// AT+COPS=? can take well over a minute while the modem sweeps every band.
 		options.ScanTimeout = 150 * time.Second
 	}
+	if options.CardReaders == nil {
+		options.CardReaders = pcsc.New()
+	}
 	return &Manager{
 		discoverer:     options.Discoverer,
 		opener:         options.Opener,
@@ -89,6 +96,7 @@ func NewManager(options Options) (*Manager, error) {
 		longTimeout:    options.LongTimeout,
 		smsTimeout:     options.SMSTimeout,
 		scanTimeout:    options.ScanTimeout,
+		cardReaders:    options.CardReaders,
 		devices:        make(map[string]*managedDevice),
 		ussdSessions:   make(map[string]ussdSession),
 		esimRecoveries: make(map[string]chan struct{}),
@@ -146,9 +154,23 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		ctx = context.Background()
 	}
-	candidates, err := manager.discoverer.Discover(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	candidates, modemErr := manager.discoverer.Discover(ctx)
+	readers, readerErr := manager.cardReaders.Readers(ctx)
+	if readerErr == nil {
+		for _, reader := range readers {
+			candidates = append(candidates, modem.Candidate{
+				ID: pcsc.DeviceID(reader), HardwareKind: pcsc.HardwareKind,
+				ReaderName: reader.Name, USBPath: reader.USBPath,
+				VendorID: reader.VendorID, ProductID: reader.ProductID,
+				Manufacturer: reader.Manufacturer, Product: reader.Product,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	if modemErr != nil && readerErr != nil && !errors.Is(readerErr, pcsc.ErrUnsupported) && !errors.Is(readerErr, pcsc.ErrUnavailable) {
+		return nil, errors.Join(modemErr, readerErr)
+	}
+	if modemErr != nil && len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return nil, modemErr
 	}
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(candidates))
 
@@ -360,6 +382,9 @@ func (manager *Manager) Refresh(ctx context.Context, id string) (Snapshot, error
 		return Snapshot{}, err
 	}
 	candidate := manager.candidateFor(state)
+	if candidate.HardwareKind == pcsc.HardwareKind {
+		return manager.refreshCardReader(ctx, id, state, candidate)
+	}
 	backend := manager.backendFor(state)
 	client, err := manager.clientLocked(ctx, state, candidate)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -375,11 +400,59 @@ func (manager *Manager) Refresh(ctx context.Context, id string) (Snapshot, error
 	return snapshot, err
 }
 
+func (manager *Manager) refreshCardReader(ctx context.Context, id string, state *managedDevice, candidate modem.Candidate) (Snapshot, error) {
+	result := Snapshot{
+		DeviceID: id, Port: candidate.ReaderName, Responsive: true,
+		Manufacturer: candidate.Manufacturer, Model: candidate.Product,
+		AccessTech: "Wi-Fi", RegistrationSource: "pcsc", OperatingMode: 4,
+		ModeKnown: true, FlightMode: true, RadioOff: true, UpdatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	previousICCID := state.lastICCID
+	card, err := manager.cardReaders.Snapshot(ctx, pcsc.Selector{USBPath: candidate.USBPath, ReaderName: candidate.ReaderName}, state.simPIN)
+	if err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, pcsc.ErrNoCard):
+			result.SIMStatus = ""
+			err = nil
+		case errors.Is(err, pcsc.ErrPINRequired), errors.Is(err, pcsc.ErrPINTriesLow), errors.Is(err, pcsc.ErrPINRejected):
+			result.SIMStatus = "SIM PIN"
+			result.Warnings = []string{err.Error()}
+			err = nil
+		default:
+			manager.setResult(id, state, &result, err)
+			return result, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		result.SIMStatus = "READY"
+		result.SIMReady = true
+		result.ICCID = card.Identity.ICCID
+		result.IMSI = card.Identity.IMSI
+		result.SPN = card.Identity.SPN
+		result.SIMChanged = previousICCID != "" && !strings.EqualFold(previousICCID, result.ICCID)
+		state.lastICCID = result.ICCID
+	}
+	manager.setResult(id, state, &result, err)
+	return result, err
+}
+
+// SetSIMPin updates the in-memory PIN used for protected USIM files and AKA.
+// It is deliberately never retained in runtime snapshots or logs.
+func (manager *Manager) SetSIMPin(id, pin string) error {
+	manager.mu.Lock()
+	defer manager.mu.Unlock()
+	state := manager.devices[id]
+	if state == nil || !state.discovered {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	state.simPIN = strings.TrimSpace(pin)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // SetBackend selects which control plane supplies registration and data state.
 // AT remains available in either mode for UICC, RF, SMS, voice and diagnostics.
 func (manager *Manager) SetBackend(id, backend string) error {
 	backend = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(backend))
-	if backend != "at" && backend != "qmi" {
+	if backend != "at" && backend != "qmi" && backend != "pcsc" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported device backend %q", backend)
 	}
 	manager.mu.Lock()
@@ -559,3 +632,20 @@ func (manager *Manager) command(
 	}
 	return response, nil
 }
+
+// sensitiveCommand executes an AT command containing credentials or other
+// authentication material. Modem errors commonly echo the complete command,
+// so neither the returned error nor the retained device state may wrap it.
+func (manager *Manager) sensitiveCommand(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	client modem.Client,
+	command string,
+) (modem.Response, error) {
+	commandCtx, cancel := manager.withTimeout(ctx, manager.commandTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	response, err := client.Execute(commandCtx, command)
+	if err != nil {
+		return response, errors.New("sensitive modem command failed")
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}

internal/device/manager_test.go

@@ -6,8 +6,45 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"vocat/internal/modem"
+	"vocat/internal/pcsc"
 )
 
+type testPCSCBackend struct{ readers []pcsc.Reader }
+
+func (backend testPCSCBackend) Readers(context.Context) ([]pcsc.Reader, error) {
+	return append([]pcsc.Reader(nil), backend.readers...), nil
+}
+func (testPCSCBackend) Open(context.Context, pcsc.Selector) (pcsc.Card, error) {
+	return nil, pcsc.ErrNoCard
+}
+
+func TestManagerDiscoversWiFiCallingOnlyReaderWithoutATPort(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := NewManager(Options{
+		Discoverer: staticDiscoverer{}, Opener: &staticOpener{},
+		CardReaders: pcsc.NewWithBackend(testPCSCBackend{readers: []pcsc.Reader{{
+			Name: "Alcor Link AK9563 00 00", USBPath: "1-3", Product: "AK9563",
+		}}}),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := manager.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = manager.Stop(context.Background()) })
+	items := manager.List()
+	if len(items) != 1 || items[0].Candidate.HardwareKind != pcsc.HardwareKind || items[0].Candidate.HasATPort() {
+		t.Fatalf("discovered readers = %#v", items)
+	}
+	snapshot, err := manager.Refresh(context.Background(), items[0].ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !snapshot.Responsive || snapshot.SIMReady || snapshot.SIMStatus != "" || !snapshot.FlightMode {
+		t.Fatalf("reader snapshot = %#v", snapshot)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestManagerRefreshBuildsEC20Snapshot(t *testing.T) {
 	client := &transcriptClient{steps: []clientStep{
 		{

internal/device/types.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ var (
 	ErrNotStarted             = errors.New("device manager is not started")
 	ErrNotFound               = errors.New("device not found")
 	ErrNoATPort               = errors.New("device has no usable AT port")
+	ErrUnsupportedCapability  = errors.New("device does not support this capability")
 	ErrSMSPromptUnsupported   = errors.New("device AT client does not support SMS prompt mode")
 	ErrSMSInvalidRecipient    = errors.New("invalid SMS recipient")
 	ErrSMSEmpty               = errors.New("SMS text is empty")
@@ -24,10 +25,13 @@ var (
 )
 
 type NetworkRequest struct {
-	Enabled   bool   `json:"enabled"`
-	APN       string `json:"apn"`
-	IPVersion string `json:"ipVersion"`
-	Backend   string `json:"backend,omitempty"`
+	Enabled        bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	APN            string `json:"apn"`
+	IPVersion      string `json:"ipVersion"`
+	Username       string `json:"username,omitempty"`
+	Password       string `json:"password,omitempty"`
+	Authentication string `json:"authentication,omitempty"`
+	Backend        string `json:"backend,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type NetworkResult struct {

internal/exportproxy/bind_linux.go

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"hash/fnv"
 	"net"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
+	"unicode"
 )
 
 func platformSupported() error { return nil }
@@ -54,14 +54,15 @@ func boundResolver(networkInterface string) *net.Resolver {
 }
 
 func exportRouteDNSServers(networkInterface string) []string {
-	safeName := strings.Map(func(character rune) rune {
-		if character >= 'a' && character <= 'z' || character >= 'A' && character <= 'Z' ||
-			character >= '0' && character <= '9' || character == '-' || character == '_' || character == '.' {
-			return character
-		}
-		return '_'
-	}, networkInterface)
-	file, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("/run/vocat", "cellular-"+safeName+".dns"))
+	if !validInterfaceName(networkInterface) {
+		return []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"}
+	}
+	root, err := os.OpenRoot("/run/vocat")
+	if err != nil {
+		return []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"}
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+	file, err := root.Open("cellular-" + networkInterface + ".dns")
 	if err != nil {
 		return []string{"1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"}
 	}
@@ -78,3 +79,20 @@ func exportRouteDNSServers(networkInterface string) []string {
 	}
 	return servers
 }
+
+// Linux IFNAMSIZ is 16 including the terminator. Restricting names here both
+// matches kernel interface names and prevents a stored device value from ever
+// becoming a filesystem path component.
+func validInterfaceName(value string) bool {
+	if value == "" || len(value) > 15 || value == "." || value == ".." {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, character := range value {
+		if character > unicode.MaxASCII || !(character >= 'a' && character <= 'z' ||
+			character >= 'A' && character <= 'Z' || character >= '0' && character <= '9' ||
+			character == '-' || character == '_' || character == '.') {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

internal/exportproxy/bind_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package exportproxy
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestValidInterfaceName(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, value := range []string{"wwan0", "wwp0s20f0u5i4", "rmnet_data0", "usb.1"} {
+		if !validInterfaceName(value) {
+			t.Errorf("validInterfaceName(%q) = false", value)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, value := range []string{"", ".", "..", "../wwan0", `..\wwan0`, "wwan0/evil", "interface-name-too-long"} {
+		if validInterfaceName(value) {
+			t.Errorf("validInterfaceName(%q) = true", value)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/extensions/manager.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
@@ -26,10 +27,15 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"vocat/internal/exportproxy"
+	"vocat/internal/netguard"
 )
 
 const maxPackageBytes int64 = 64 << 20
 
+// This syntactic guard gives the request boundary an explicit allowlist. The
+// resolved addresses are still checked again by netguard before dialing.
+var publicHTTPSURLPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^https://(?:[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9.-]{0,251}[A-Za-z0-9])?|\[[0-9A-Fa-f:.]+\])(?::[0-9]{1,5})?(?:[/?#][^\r\n]*)?$`)
+
 type Plugin struct {
 	Manifest
 	Enabled          bool   `json:"enabled"`
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ func NewManager(root string, logger *slog.Logger) (*Manager, error) {
 	}
 	manager := &Manager{
 		root: root, logger: logger, plugins: make(map[string]*Plugin),
-		client: &http.Client{Timeout: 45 * time.Second},
+		client: netguard.NewPublicHTTPClient(45*time.Second, true),
 	}
 	if err := manager.scan(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -155,9 +161,13 @@ func (manager *Manager) List() []Plugin {
 }
 
 func (manager *Manager) InstallURL(ctx context.Context, rawURL, expectedSHA string) (Plugin, error) {
-	parsed, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(rawURL))
-	if err != nil || (parsed.Scheme != "https" && parsed.Scheme != "http") || parsed.Host == "" {
-		return Plugin{}, errors.New("plugin URL must be an absolute HTTP or HTTPS URL")
+	rawURL = strings.TrimSpace(rawURL)
+	if !publicHTTPSURLPattern.MatchString(rawURL) {
+		return Plugin{}, errors.New("plugin URL must be a public absolute HTTPS URL")
+	}
+	parsed, err := netguard.ValidatePublicURL(ctx, rawURL, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Plugin{}, fmt.Errorf("plugin URL must be a public absolute HTTPS URL: %w", err)
 	}
 	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, parsed.String(), nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -353,12 +363,13 @@ func (manager *Manager) ServeAsset(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id, n
 		http.NotFound(w, r)
 		return
 	}
-	filename := filepath.Join(plugin.dir, filepath.FromSlash(name))
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(filepath.Clean(filename), filepath.Clean(plugin.dir)+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+	root, err := os.OpenRoot(plugin.dir)
+	if err != nil {
 		http.NotFound(w, r)
 		return
 	}
-	file, err := os.Open(filename)
+	defer root.Close()
+	file, err := root.Open(filepath.FromSlash(name))
 	if err != nil {
 		http.NotFound(w, r)
 		return
@@ -369,7 +380,7 @@ func (manager *Manager) ServeAsset(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id, n
 		http.NotFound(w, r)
 		return
 	}
-	contentType := mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(filename))
+	contentType := mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(name))
 	if contentType != "" {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
 	}

internal/extensions/manager_test.go

@@ -3,12 +3,32 @@ package extensions
 import (
 	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
+func TestInstallURLRejectsNonHTTPSAndPrivateDestinations(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := NewManager(t.TempDir(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer manager.Close()
+	for _, raw := range []string{
+		"http://example.com/plugin.zip",
+		"https://[email protected]/plugin.zip",
+		"https://example.com/plugin.zip\r\nX-Injected: yes",
+		"https://127.0.0.1/plugin.zip",
+		"https://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/",
+	} {
+		if _, err := manager.InstallURL(context.Background(), raw, ""); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("InstallURL(%q) accepted an unsafe destination", raw)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestInstallListDisableAndUninstall(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, err := NewManager(t.TempDir(), slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
 	if err != nil {

internal/modem/types.go

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ func (p Port) OpenPath() string {
 }
 
 type Candidate struct {
+	HardwareKind     string `json:"hardwareKind,omitempty"`
+	ReaderName       string `json:"readerName,omitempty"`
 	ID               string `json:"id"`
 	VendorID         string `json:"vendorId"`
 	ProductID        string `json:"productId"`

internal/netguard/public.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package netguard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// ValidatePublicURL accepts an absolute HTTP(S) URL only when every currently
+// resolved address is publicly routable. The transport returned by
+// NewPublicHTTPClient repeats the same check when it dials, which also prevents
+// DNS rebinding between validation and connection establishment.
+func ValidatePublicURL(ctx context.Context, raw string, requireHTTPS bool) (*url.URL, error) {
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if err != nil || !parsed.IsAbs() || parsed.Hostname() == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("destination must be an absolute HTTP URL")
+	}
+	if parsed.User != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("destination URL cannot contain user information")
+	}
+	if parsed.Scheme != "http" && parsed.Scheme != "https" {
+		return nil, errors.New("destination URL must use HTTP or HTTPS")
+	}
+	if requireHTTPS && parsed.Scheme != "https" {
+		return nil, errors.New("destination URL must use HTTPS")
+	}
+	if port := parsed.Port(); port != "" {
+		value, err := strconv.Atoi(port)
+		if err != nil || value < 1 || value > 65535 {
+			return nil, errors.New("destination URL has an invalid port")
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := resolvePublic(ctx, parsed.Hostname()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parsed, nil
+}
+
+// NewPublicHTTPClient creates a client that never uses environment proxies,
+// rejects private/special-use destinations at dial time, and validates every
+// redirect before following it.
+func NewPublicHTTPClient(timeout time.Duration, requireHTTPS bool) *http.Client {
+	if timeout <= 0 {
+		timeout = 30 * time.Second
+	}
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		Proxy:                 nil,
+		DialContext:           PublicDialer(timeout),
+		ForceAttemptHTTP2:     true,
+		TLSHandshakeTimeout:   timeout,
+		ResponseHeaderTimeout: timeout,
+		ExpectContinueTimeout: time.Second,
+		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
+			MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
+		},
+	}
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+		Timeout:   timeout,
+		CheckRedirect: func(request *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+			if len(via) >= 4 {
+				return errors.New("too many redirects")
+			}
+			_, err := ValidatePublicURL(request.Context(), request.URL.String(), requireHTTPS)
+			return err
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// PublicDialer resolves the original hostname and connects directly to one of
+// its validated public addresses. It does not pass the hostname back through a
+// second resolver, so a DNS rebinding response cannot redirect the connection.
+func PublicDialer(timeout time.Duration) func(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse outbound address: %w", err)
+		}
+		addresses, err := resolvePublic(ctx, host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dialer := net.Dialer{Timeout: timeout}
+		var lastErr error
+		for _, address := range addresses {
+			connection, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, net.JoinHostPort(address.String(), port))
+			if err == nil {
+				return connection, nil
+			}
+			lastErr = err
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to public destination: %w", lastErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func resolvePublic(ctx context.Context, host string) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	if literal, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.Trim(host, "[]")); err == nil {
+		literal = literal.Unmap()
+		if !publicAddress(literal) {
+			return nil, errors.New("destination resolves to a private or special-use address")
+		}
+		return []netip.Addr{literal}, nil
+	}
+	addresses, err := net.DefaultResolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, "ip", host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	result := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(addresses))
+	for _, address := range addresses {
+		address = address.Unmap()
+		if !publicAddress(address) {
+			return nil, errors.New("destination resolves to a private or special-use address")
+		}
+		result = append(result, address)
+	}
+	if len(result) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("destination has no IP address")
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+var blockedNetworks = []netip.Prefix{
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/8"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("127.0.0.0/8"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("169.254.0.0/16"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.0.0/24"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.0/24"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("192.88.99.0/24"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("198.18.0.0/15"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.0/24"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("224.0.0.0/4"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("240.0.0.0/4"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("::/128"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("::1/128"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b:1::/48"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("100::/64"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/32"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("fc00::/7"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("fe80::/10"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("ff00::/8"),
+	// Block both the well-known and local-use NAT64 prefixes. Otherwise a
+	// public-looking IPv6 literal could translate to a private IPv4 target.
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b::/96"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("2002::/16"),
+}
+
+func publicAddress(address netip.Addr) bool {
+	if !address.IsValid() || !address.IsGlobalUnicast() {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, blocked := range blockedNetworks {
+		if blocked.Contains(address) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

internal/netguard/public_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package netguard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestValidatePublicURLRejectsUnsafeDestinations(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []string{
+		"http://127.0.0.1/plugin.zip",
+		"https://[::1]/plugin.zip",
+		"https://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/",
+		"https://[64:ff9b::7f00:1]/",
+		"https://[2002:7f00:1::]/",
+		"file:///etc/passwd",
+		"https://user:[email protected]/plugin.zip",
+	}
+	for _, raw := range tests {
+		if _, err := ValidatePublicURL(context.Background(), raw, false); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("ValidatePublicURL(%q) accepted an unsafe destination", raw)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidatePublicURLCanRequireHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := ValidatePublicURL(context.Background(), "http://8.8.8.8/plugin.zip", true); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("HTTP destination was accepted while HTTPS was required")
+	}
+}

internal/pcsc/backend_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+//go:build linux && (amd64 || arm64)
+
+package pcsc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type nativeBackend struct{}
+
+func newNativeBackend() Backend { return &nativeBackend{} }
+
+func (backend *nativeBackend) dial(ctx context.Context) (*pcscdClient, error) {
+	paths := []string{strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("PCSCLITE_CSOCK_NAME")), "/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm", "/var/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm"}
+	var failures []error
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		if path == "" || seen[path] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[path] = true
+		conn, err := (&net.Dialer{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}).DialContext(ctx, "unix", path)
+		if err != nil {
+			failures = append(failures, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		client, err := establishPCSCD(ctx, conn)
+		if err == nil {
+			return client, nil
+		}
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		failures = append(failures, err)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: pcscd socket is not reachable: %w", ErrUnavailable, errors.Join(failures...))
+}
+
+func (backend *nativeBackend) Readers(ctx context.Context) ([]Reader, error) {
+	client, err := backend.dial(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer client.closeContext(context.Background())
+	states, err := client.readers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	readers := make([]Reader, 0, len(states))
+	for _, state := range states {
+		reader := Reader{
+			Name:        state.name,
+			CardPresent: state.state&pcscCardPresent != 0,
+			ATR:         strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(state.atr)),
+		}
+		if path, ok := backend.readerUSBPath(ctx, client, state.name); ok {
+			reader.USBPath = path
+			reader.VendorID = readSysfsText(path, "idVendor")
+			reader.ProductID = readSysfsText(path, "idProduct")
+			reader.Manufacturer = readSysfsText(path, "manufacturer")
+			reader.Product = readSysfsText(path, "product")
+		} else {
+			reader.USBPath = "pcsc:" + state.name
+		}
+		if reader.Product == "" {
+			reader.Product = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(state.name, " 00 00"))
+		}
+		readers = append(readers, reader)
+	}
+	return readers, nil
+}
+
+func (backend *nativeBackend) readerUSBPath(ctx context.Context, client *pcscdClient, name string) (string, bool) {
+	card, _, err := client.connect(ctx, name, pcscShareDirect, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	disposition := uint32(pcscLeaveCard)
+	defer client.simpleCardCommand(context.Background(), pcscCmdDisconnect, card, &disposition)
+	attribute, err := client.getAttrib(ctx, card, pcscAttrChannelID)
+	if err != nil || len(attribute) < 4 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	channel := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(attribute[:4])
+	if channel>>16 != 0x0020 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	bus, device := int((channel>>8)&0xff), int(channel&0xff)
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir("/sys/bus/usb/devices")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if !entry.IsDir() && entry.Type()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join("/sys/bus/usb/devices", entry.Name())
+		entryBus, busErr := readSysfsInt(path, "busnum")
+		entryDevice, deviceErr := readSysfsInt(path, "devnum")
+		if busErr == nil && deviceErr == nil && entryBus == bus && entryDevice == device {
+			return entry.Name(), true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func (backend *nativeBackend) Open(ctx context.Context, selector Selector) (Card, error) {
+	readers, err := backend.Readers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	reader, ok := matchReader(readers, selector)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, ErrReaderNotFound
+	}
+	if !reader.CardPresent {
+		return nil, ErrNoCard
+	}
+	client, err := backend.dial(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	handle, protocol, err := client.connect(ctx, reader.Name, pcscShareShared, pcscProtocolAny)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = client.closeContext(context.Background())
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := client.simpleCardCommand(ctx, pcscCmdBeginTransaction, handle, nil); err != nil {
+		disposition := uint32(pcscLeaveCard)
+		_ = client.simpleCardCommand(context.Background(), pcscCmdDisconnect, handle, &disposition)
+		_ = client.closeContext(context.Background())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: begin card transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &nativeCard{client: client, handle: handle, protocol: protocol}, nil
+}
+
+type nativeCard struct {
+	client   *pcscdClient
+	handle   int32
+	protocol uint32
+	closed   bool
+}
+
+func (card *nativeCard) Transmit(ctx context.Context, command []byte) ([]byte, uint16, error) {
+	if card == nil || card.client == nil || card.closed {
+		return nil, 0, errors.New("pcsc: card session is closed")
+	}
+	return card.transmit(ctx, append([]byte(nil), command...), 0)
+}
+
+func (card *nativeCard) TransmitRaw(ctx context.Context, command []byte) ([]byte, uint16, error) {
+	if card == nil || card.client == nil || card.closed {
+		return nil, 0, errors.New("pcsc: card session is closed")
+	}
+	response, err := card.client.transmit(ctx, card.handle, card.protocol, append([]byte(nil), command...))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	if len(response) < 2 {
+		return nil, 0, errors.New("pcsc: APDU response omitted its status word")
+	}
+	last := len(response) - 2
+	return append([]byte(nil), response[:last]...), uint16(response[last])<<8 | uint16(response[last+1]), nil
+}
+
+func (card *nativeCard) transmit(ctx context.Context, command []byte, depth int) ([]byte, uint16, error) {
+	if depth > 8 {
+		return nil, 0, errors.New("pcsc: too many APDU continuations")
+	}
+	data, status, err := card.TransmitRaw(ctx, command)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	sw1, sw2 := byte(status>>8), byte(status)
+	if sw1 == 0x6c && len(command) >= 5 {
+		retry := append([]byte(nil), command...)
+		retry[len(retry)-1] = sw2
+		return card.transmit(ctx, retry, depth+1)
+	}
+	if sw1 == 0x61 || sw1 == 0x9f {
+		more, sw, err := card.transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, sw2}, depth+1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+		return append(data, more...), sw, nil
+	}
+	return data, status, ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func (card *nativeCard) Close() error { return card.close(pcscLeaveCard) }
+
+func (card *nativeCard) CloseWithReset() error { return card.close(pcscResetCard) }
+
+func (card *nativeCard) close(disposition uint32) error {
+	if card == nil || card.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	card.closed = true
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	var result []error
+	if card.client != nil {
+		if err := card.client.simpleCardCommand(ctx, pcscCmdEndTransaction, card.handle, &disposition); err != nil {
+			result = append(result, err)
+		}
+		if err := card.client.simpleCardCommand(ctx, pcscCmdDisconnect, card.handle, &disposition); err != nil {
+			result = append(result, err)
+		}
+		if err := card.client.closeContext(ctx); err != nil {
+			result = append(result, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(result...)
+}
+
+func readSysfsText(usbPath, name string) string {
+	value, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("/sys/bus/usb/devices", usbPath, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(value))
+}
+
+func readSysfsInt(path, name string) (int, error) {
+	value, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(path, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(value)))
+}

internal/pcsc/backend_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//go:build !linux || (!amd64 && !arm64)
+
+package pcsc
+
+import "context"
+
+type unsupportedBackend struct{}
+
+func newNativeBackend() Backend { return unsupportedBackend{} }
+
+func (unsupportedBackend) Readers(context.Context) ([]Reader, error) {
+	return nil, ErrUnsupported
+}
+
+func (unsupportedBackend) Open(context.Context, Selector) (Card, error) {
+	return nil, ErrUnsupported
+}

internal/pcsc/pcscd_protocol.go

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+package pcsc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// pcsc-lite exposes a small, versioned protocol over its local Unix socket.
+// Speaking that protocol directly keeps VoCat's Linux binaries fully static;
+// loading libpcsclite through dlopen would pull a glibc interpreter into an
+// otherwise CGO-free build and make it unusable on musl-based routers.
+const (
+	pcscProtocolMajor        = 4
+	pcscProtocolCurrentMinor = 6
+	pcscProtocolOldestMinor  = 4
+
+	pcscCmdEstablishContext = 0x01
+	pcscCmdReleaseContext   = 0x02
+	pcscCmdConnect          = 0x04
+	pcscCmdDisconnect       = 0x06
+	pcscCmdBeginTransaction = 0x07
+	pcscCmdEndTransaction   = 0x08
+	pcscCmdTransmit         = 0x09
+	pcscCmdGetAttrib        = 0x0f
+	pcscCmdVersion          = 0x11
+	pcscCmdGetReadersState  = 0x12
+
+	pcscScopeSystem      = 0x0002
+	pcscProtocolT0       = 0x0001
+	pcscProtocolT1       = 0x0002
+	pcscProtocolAny      = pcscProtocolT0 | pcscProtocolT1
+	pcscShareShared      = 0x0002
+	pcscShareDirect      = 0x0003
+	pcscLeaveCard        = 0x0000
+	pcscResetCard        = 0x0001
+	pcscCardPresent      = 0x0004
+	pcscAttrChannelID    = 0x00020110
+	pcscMaxReaderName    = 128
+	pcscMaxATR           = 33
+	pcscMaxReaders       = 16
+	pcscReaderStateSize  = 184
+	pcscGetSetBodySize   = 280
+	pcscMaxAttribute     = 264
+	pcscMaxAPDUResponse  = 65548
+	pcscDefaultIOTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+	pcscSuccess          = uint32(0)
+	pcscNoSmartcard      = uint32(0x8010000c)
+	pcscNoService        = uint32(0x8010001d)
+	pcscServiceStopped   = uint32(0x8010001e)
+	pcscNoReaders        = uint32(0x8010002e)
+)
+
+type pcscdClient struct {
+	conn        net.Conn
+	contextID   uint32
+	serverMinor int32
+}
+
+type pcscdReaderState struct {
+	name     string
+	state    uint32
+	atr      []byte
+	protocol uint32
+}
+
+func establishPCSCD(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (*pcscdClient, error) {
+	client := &pcscdClient{conn: conn}
+	version := make([]byte, 12)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(version[0:4], pcscProtocolMajor)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(version[4:8], pcscProtocolCurrentMinor)
+	for {
+		if err := client.exchange(ctx, pcscCmdVersion, version); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		major := int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(version[0:4]))
+		client.serverMinor = int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(version[4:8]))
+		rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(version[8:12])
+		if rv == pcscSuccess {
+			break
+		}
+		if rv != pcscServiceStopped || major != pcscProtocolMajor || client.serverMinor < pcscProtocolOldestMinor || client.serverMinor >= pcscProtocolCurrentMinor {
+			return nil, pcscError("negotiate protocol", rv)
+		}
+		// pcsc-lite answers a newer client's first probe with its own
+		// compatible minor version. Retry on the same connection with that
+		// value, matching libpcsclite's official fallback behavior.
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(version[0:4], pcscProtocolMajor)
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(version[4:8], uint32(client.serverMinor))
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(version[8:12], pcscSuccess)
+	}
+	if client.serverMinor < pcscProtocolOldestMinor {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: unsupported pcscd protocol %d.%d", pcscProtocolMajor, client.serverMinor)
+	}
+	body := make([]byte, 12)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], pcscScopeSystem)
+	if err := client.exchange(ctx, pcscCmdEstablishContext, body); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[8:12]); rv != pcscSuccess {
+		return nil, pcscError("establish context", rv)
+	}
+	client.contextID = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[4:8])
+	return client, nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) exchange(ctx context.Context, command uint32, body []byte) error {
+	if client == nil || client.conn == nil {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: pcscd connection is closed")
+	}
+	if err := client.setDeadline(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	header := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(header[0:4], uint32(len(body)))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(header[4:8], command)
+	if err := writeAll(client.conn, header); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("pcsc: send command %02x: %w", command, err)
+	}
+	if len(body) > 0 {
+		if err := writeAll(client.conn, body); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("pcsc: send command body %02x: %w", command, err)
+		}
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(client.conn, body); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("pcsc: receive command %02x: %w", command, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) send(ctx context.Context, command uint32, body, extra []byte) error {
+	if client == nil || client.conn == nil {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: pcscd connection is closed")
+	}
+	if err := client.setDeadline(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	header := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(header[0:4], uint32(len(body)))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(header[4:8], command)
+	if err := writeAll(client.conn, header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := writeAll(client.conn, body); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeAll(client.conn, extra)
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) setDeadline(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(pcscDefaultIOTimeout)
+	if value, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok && value.Before(deadline) {
+		deadline = value
+	}
+	return client.conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) readers(ctx context.Context) ([]pcscdReaderState, error) {
+	if err := client.setDeadline(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	header := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(header[4:8], pcscCmdGetReadersState)
+	if err := writeAll(client.conn, header); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: request reader states: %w", err)
+	}
+	raw := make([]byte, pcscMaxReaders*pcscReaderStateSize)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(client.conn, raw); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: read reader states: %w", err)
+	}
+	result := make([]pcscdReaderState, 0, pcscMaxReaders)
+	for offset := 0; offset < len(raw); offset += pcscReaderStateSize {
+		state := raw[offset : offset+pcscReaderStateSize]
+		name := cString(state[:pcscMaxReaderName])
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		atrLen := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(state[176:180]))
+		if atrLen < 0 || atrLen > pcscMaxATR {
+			atrLen = 0
+		}
+		result = append(result, pcscdReaderState{
+			name:     name,
+			state:    binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(state[132:136]),
+			atr:      append([]byte(nil), state[140:140+atrLen]...),
+			protocol: binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(state[180:184]),
+		})
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) connect(ctx context.Context, reader string, share, protocols uint32) (int32, uint32, error) {
+	if len(reader) >= pcscMaxReaderName {
+		return 0, 0, errors.New("pcsc: reader name is too long")
+	}
+	body := make([]byte, 152)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], client.contextID)
+	copy(body[4:132], reader)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[132:136], share)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[136:140], protocols)
+	if err := client.exchange(ctx, pcscCmdConnect, body); err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	if rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[148:152]); rv != pcscSuccess {
+		return 0, 0, pcscError("connect reader", rv)
+	}
+	return int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[140:144])), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[144:148]), nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) simpleCardCommand(ctx context.Context, command uint32, card int32, disposition *uint32) error {
+	size := 8
+	if disposition != nil {
+		size = 12
+	}
+	body := make([]byte, size)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], uint32(card))
+	if disposition != nil {
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[4:8], *disposition)
+	}
+	if err := client.exchange(ctx, command, body); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[size-4:]); rv != pcscSuccess {
+		return pcscError("card command", rv)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) transmit(ctx context.Context, card int32, protocol uint32, command []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	body := make([]byte, 32)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], uint32(card))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[4:8], protocol)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[8:12], 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[12:16], uint32(len(command)))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[16:20], pcscProtocolAny)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[20:24], 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[24:28], pcscMaxAPDUResponse)
+	if err := client.send(ctx, pcscCmdTransmit, body, command); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: transmit APDU: %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(client.conn, body); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: receive APDU result: %w", err)
+	}
+	if rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[28:32]); rv != pcscSuccess {
+		return nil, pcscError("transmit APDU", rv)
+	}
+	length := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[24:28])
+	if length > pcscMaxAPDUResponse {
+		return nil, errors.New("pcsc: pcscd returned an oversized APDU")
+	}
+	response := make([]byte, length)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(client.conn, response); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: receive APDU: %w", err)
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) getAttrib(ctx context.Context, card int32, attribute uint32) ([]byte, error) {
+	body := make([]byte, pcscGetSetBodySize)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], uint32(card))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[4:8], attribute)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[272:276], pcscMaxAttribute)
+	if err := client.exchange(ctx, pcscCmdGetAttrib, body); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[276:280]); rv != pcscSuccess {
+		return nil, pcscError("get reader attribute", rv)
+	}
+	length := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[272:276])
+	if length > pcscMaxAttribute {
+		return nil, errors.New("pcsc: pcscd returned an oversized attribute")
+	}
+	return append([]byte(nil), body[8:8+length]...), nil
+}
+
+func (client *pcscdClient) closeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if client == nil || client.conn == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	body := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], client.contextID)
+	err := client.exchange(ctx, pcscCmdReleaseContext, body)
+	if err == nil {
+		if rv := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[4:8]); rv != pcscSuccess {
+			err = pcscError("release context", rv)
+		}
+	}
+	closeErr := client.conn.Close()
+	client.conn = nil
+	return errors.Join(err, closeErr)
+}
+
+func pcscError(operation string, code uint32) error {
+	switch code {
+	case pcscNoSmartcard:
+		return ErrNoCard
+	case pcscNoService, pcscServiceStopped:
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s failed with PC/SC status %08X", ErrUnavailable, operation, code)
+	case pcscNoReaders:
+		return ErrReaderNotFound
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("pcsc: %s failed with status %08X", operation, code)
+	}
+}
+
+func cString(value []byte) string {
+	for index, current := range value {
+		if current == 0 {
+			return string(value[:index])
+		}
+	}
+	return string(value)
+}
+
+func writeAll(writer io.Writer, value []byte) error {
+	for len(value) > 0 {
+		written, err := writer.Write(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if written == 0 {
+			return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		value = value[written:]
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/pcsc/pcscd_protocol_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package pcsc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPCSCDClientLifecycleAndTransmit(t *testing.T) {
+	clientConn, serverConn := net.Pipe()
+	serverDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		defer serverConn.Close()
+		serverDone <- servePCSCDTestSession(serverConn)
+	}()
+
+	client, err := establishPCSCD(context.Background(), clientConn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("establishPCSCD: %v", err)
+	}
+	states, err := client.readers(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("readers: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(states) != 1 || states[0].name != "VoCat Test Reader 00 00" || states[0].state&pcscCardPresent == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("states = %#v", states)
+	}
+	handle, protocol, err := client.connect(context.Background(), states[0].name, pcscShareShared, pcscProtocolAny)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect: %v", err)
+	}
+	if handle != 42 || protocol != pcscProtocolT1 {
+		t.Fatalf("handle/protocol = %d/%d", handle, protocol)
+	}
+	if err := client.simpleCardCommand(context.Background(), pcscCmdBeginTransaction, handle, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("begin: %v", err)
+	}
+	response, err := client.transmit(context.Background(), handle, protocol, []byte{0x00, 0xa4, 0x00, 0x00})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("transmit: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(response, []byte{0x62, 0x02, 0x90, 0x00}) {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %x", response)
+	}
+	disposition := uint32(pcscLeaveCard)
+	if err := client.simpleCardCommand(context.Background(), pcscCmdEndTransaction, handle, &disposition); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("end: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := client.simpleCardCommand(context.Background(), pcscCmdDisconnect, handle, &disposition); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("disconnect: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := client.closeContext(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("close context: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := <-serverDone; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("fake pcscd: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func servePCSCDTestSession(conn net.Conn) error {
+	for {
+		header := make([]byte, 8)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, header); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		size := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(header[0:4])
+		command := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(header[4:8])
+		body := make([]byte, size)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, body); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		switch command {
+		case pcscCmdVersion:
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[0:4], pcscProtocolMajor)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[4:8], pcscProtocolCurrentMinor)
+			if err := writeAll(conn, body); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case pcscCmdEstablishContext:
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[4:8], 7)
+			if err := writeAll(conn, body); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case pcscCmdGetReadersState:
+			states := make([]byte, pcscMaxReaders*pcscReaderStateSize)
+			copy(states, "VoCat Test Reader 00 00")
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(states[132:136], pcscCardPresent)
+			copy(states[140:143], []byte{0x3b, 0x00, 0x00})
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(states[176:180], 3)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(states[180:184], pcscProtocolT1)
+			if err := writeAll(conn, states); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case pcscCmdConnect:
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[140:144], 42)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[144:148], pcscProtocolT1)
+			if err := writeAll(conn, body); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case pcscCmdBeginTransaction, pcscCmdEndTransaction, pcscCmdDisconnect:
+			if err := writeAll(conn, body); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case pcscCmdTransmit:
+			commandBody := make([]byte, binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(body[12:16]))
+			if _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, commandBody); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			response := []byte{0x62, 0x02, 0x90, 0x00}
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(body[24:28], uint32(len(response)))
+			if err := writeAll(conn, body); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := writeAll(conn, response); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case pcscCmdReleaseContext:
+			return writeAll(conn, body)
+		default:
+			return errors.New("unexpected fake pcscd command")
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/pcsc/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+package pcsc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+const usimAIDPrefix = "A0000000871002"
+
+type Service struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	backend Backend
+}
+
+// Session is an exclusive connection to one smart card. It is used by eUICC
+// operations which must keep the same PC/SC transaction and logical channel
+// alive across a sequence of APDUs.
+type Session struct {
+	service *Service
+	card    Card
+	closed  bool
+}
+
+func New() *Service {
+	return &Service{backend: newNativeBackend()}
+}
+
+func NewWithBackend(backend Backend) *Service {
+	return &Service{backend: backend}
+}
+
+func DeviceID(reader Reader) string {
+	identity := strings.TrimSpace(reader.USBPath)
+	if identity == "" {
+		identity = strings.TrimSpace(reader.Name)
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(identity))
+	return "reader-" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:8])
+}
+
+func (service *Service) Readers(ctx context.Context) ([]Reader, error) {
+	if service == nil || service.backend == nil {
+		return nil, ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	service.mu.Lock()
+	defer service.mu.Unlock()
+	return service.backend.Readers(ctx)
+}
+
+// OpenSession opens one card and holds the service lock until Close. Callers
+// must close the returned session; this prevents AKA/identity reads from
+// interleaving with a stateful ES10 transaction.
+func (service *Service) OpenSession(ctx context.Context, selector Selector) (*Session, error) {
+	if service == nil || service.backend == nil {
+		return nil, ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	if err := selector.validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	service.mu.Lock()
+	card, err := service.backend.Open(ctx, selector)
+	if err != nil {
+		service.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Session{service: service, card: card}, nil
+}
+
+// Transmit sends one raw APDU. Unlike the ordinary SIM helpers, it leaves
+// 61xx continuation handling to the eUICC logical-channel implementation so
+// GET RESPONSE uses the correct channel CLA.
+func (session *Session) Transmit(ctx context.Context, command []byte) ([]byte, uint16, error) {
+	if session == nil || session.card == nil || session.closed {
+		return nil, 0, errors.New("pcsc: card session is closed")
+	}
+	if raw, ok := session.card.(interface {
+		TransmitRaw(context.Context, []byte) ([]byte, uint16, error)
+	}); ok {
+		return raw.TransmitRaw(ctx, command)
+	}
+	return session.card.Transmit(ctx, command)
+}
+
+func (session *Session) Close() error {
+	return session.close(false)
+}
+
+// CloseWithReset resets the card while releasing the PC/SC connection. eUICC
+// EnableProfile requires this refresh boundary before the newly enabled USIM
+// application and ICCID become visible to subsequent callers.
+func (session *Session) CloseWithReset() error {
+	return session.close(true)
+}
+
+func (session *Session) close(reset bool) error {
+	if session == nil || session.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	session.closed = true
+	var err error
+	if resetter, ok := session.card.(interface{ CloseWithReset() error }); reset && ok {
+		err = resetter.CloseWithReset()
+	} else {
+		err = session.card.Close()
+	}
+	session.service.mu.Unlock()
+	return err
+}
+
+func (service *Service) Snapshot(ctx context.Context, selector Selector, pin string) (Snapshot, error) {
+	readers, err := service.Readers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Snapshot{}, err
+	}
+	reader, ok := matchReader(readers, selector)
+	if !ok {
+		return Snapshot{}, ErrReaderNotFound
+	}
+	result := Snapshot{Reader: reader}
+	if !reader.CardPresent {
+		return result, ErrNoCard
+	}
+	identity, err := service.ReadIdentity(ctx, selector, pin)
+	result.Identity = identity
+	return result, err
+}
+
+func (service *Service) ReadIdentity(ctx context.Context, selector Selector, pin string) (Identity, error) {
+	if service == nil || service.backend == nil {
+		return Identity{}, ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	if err := selector.validate(); err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, err
+	}
+	service.mu.Lock()
+	defer service.mu.Unlock()
+	card, err := service.backend.Open(ctx, selector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, err
+	}
+	defer card.Close()
+	return readIdentity(ctx, card, pin)
+}
+
+func (service *Service) CheckReady(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	selector Selector,
+	expectedICCID string,
+	pin string,
+) (string, error) {
+	if service == nil || service.backend == nil {
+		return "", ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	service.mu.Lock()
+	defer service.mu.Unlock()
+	card, err := service.backend.Open(ctx, selector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer card.Close()
+	iccid, err := readICCID(ctx, card)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if expected := strings.TrimSpace(expectedICCID); expected != "" && !strings.EqualFold(expected, iccid) {
+		return "", ErrCardChanged
+	}
+	aid, err := selectUSIM(ctx, card)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := verifyPIN(ctx, card, pin); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(aid)), nil
+}
+
+func (service *Service) Authenticate(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	selector Selector,
+	expectedICCID string,
+	pin string,
+	challenge AKAChallenge,
+) (AKAResult, error) {
+	if service == nil || service.backend == nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, ErrUnavailable
+	}
+	service.mu.Lock()
+	defer service.mu.Unlock()
+	card, err := service.backend.Open(ctx, selector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, err
+	}
+	defer card.Close()
+	iccid, err := readICCID(ctx, card)
+	if err != nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, err
+	}
+	if expected := strings.TrimSpace(expectedICCID); expected != "" && !strings.EqualFold(expected, iccid) {
+		return AKAResult{}, ErrCardChanged
+	}
+	if _, err := selectUSIM(ctx, card); err != nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, err
+	}
+	if err := verifyPIN(ctx, card, pin); err != nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, err
+	}
+	apdu := make([]byte, 0, 40)
+	apdu = append(apdu, 0x00, 0x88, 0x00, 0x81, 0x22, 0x10)
+	apdu = append(apdu, challenge.RAND[:]...)
+	apdu = append(apdu, 0x10)
+	apdu = append(apdu, challenge.AUTN[:]...)
+	apdu = append(apdu, 0x00)
+	data, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, apdu)
+	if err != nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM authentication transport failed")
+	}
+	if sw == 0x9862 {
+		return AKAResult{}, ErrAKARejected
+	}
+	if sw != 0x9000 {
+		return AKAResult{}, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: USIM authentication failed with status %04X", sw)
+	}
+	return parseAKAResponse(data)
+}
+
+func matchReader(readers []Reader, selector Selector) (Reader, bool) {
+	path := strings.TrimSpace(selector.USBPath)
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(selector.ReaderName)
+	for _, reader := range readers {
+		if path != "" && reader.USBPath == path {
+			return reader, true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, reader := range readers {
+		if name != "" && reader.Name == name {
+			return reader, true
+		}
+	}
+	return Reader{}, false
+}
+
+func readIdentity(ctx context.Context, card Card, pin string) (Identity, error) {
+	identity := Identity{PINTries: -1}
+	iccid, err := readICCID(ctx, card)
+	if err != nil {
+		return identity, err
+	}
+	identity.ICCID = iccid
+	aid, err := selectUSIM(ctx, card)
+	if err != nil {
+		return identity, err
+	}
+	identity.USIMAID = append([]byte(nil), aid...)
+	if err := verifyPIN(ctx, card, pin); err != nil {
+		identity.PINRequired = errors.Is(err, ErrPINRequired) || errors.Is(err, ErrPINTriesLow)
+		var pinErr *PINError
+		if errors.As(err, &pinErr) {
+			identity.PINTries = pinErr.Tries
+		}
+		return identity, err
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(ctx, card, []byte{0x6F, 0x07}); err != nil {
+		return identity, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: select EF_IMSI: %w", err)
+	}
+	imsiData, err := readBinary(ctx, card, 9)
+	if err != nil {
+		return identity, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: read EF_IMSI: %w", err)
+	}
+	identity.IMSI, err = decodeIMSI(imsiData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return identity, err
+	}
+	if _, selectErr := selectApplication(ctx, card, aid); selectErr == nil {
+		if selectErr = selectFile(ctx, card, []byte{0x6F, 0xAD}); selectErr == nil {
+			if data, readErr := readBinary(ctx, card, 4); readErr == nil && len(data) >= 4 {
+				length := int(data[3] & 0x0f)
+				if length == 2 || length == 3 {
+					identity.MNCLength = length
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if _, selectErr := selectApplication(ctx, card, aid); selectErr == nil {
+		identity.SPN = readSPN(ctx, card)
+	}
+	if _, selectErr := selectApplication(ctx, card, aid); selectErr == nil {
+		identity.SMSC = readSMSC(ctx, card)
+	}
+	return identity, nil
+}
+
+func readICCID(ctx context.Context, card Card) (string, error) {
+	if err := selectMF(ctx, card); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(ctx, card, []byte{0x2F, 0xE2}); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pcsc: select EF_ICCID: %w", err)
+	}
+	data, err := readBinary(ctx, card, 10)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pcsc: read EF_ICCID: %w", err)
+	}
+	value := decodeSwappedBCD(data, false)
+	if len(value) < 18 || len(value) > 22 {
+		return "", errors.New("pcsc: card returned an invalid ICCID")
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+func selectUSIM(ctx context.Context, card Card) ([]byte, error) {
+	if err := selectMF(ctx, card); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(ctx, card, []byte{0x2F, 0x00}); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pcsc: select EF_DIR: %w", err)
+	}
+	var usimAID []byte
+	for record := 1; record <= 32; record++ {
+		data, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0xB2, byte(record), 0x04, 0x00})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if sw == 0x6A83 || sw == 0x9402 {
+			break
+		}
+		if sw != 0x9000 {
+			continue
+		}
+		aid := findTLV(data, 0x4F)
+		if len(aid) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(aid)), usimAIDPrefix) {
+			usimAID = append([]byte(nil), aid...)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if len(usimAID) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrUSIMUnavailable
+	}
+	if _, err := selectApplication(ctx, card, usimAID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return usimAID, nil
+}
+
+func selectMF(ctx context.Context, card Card) error {
+	_, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x04, 0x02, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00})
+	return requireStatus("select MF", sw, err)
+}
+
+func selectFile(ctx context.Context, card Card, fileID []byte) error {
+	if len(fileID) != 2 {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: invalid file identifier")
+	}
+	apdu := []byte{0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x04, 0x02, fileID[0], fileID[1], 0x00}
+	_, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, apdu)
+	return requireStatus("select file", sw, err)
+}
+
+func selectApplication(ctx context.Context, card Card, aid []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(aid) == 0 || len(aid) > 32 {
+		return nil, errors.New("pcsc: invalid USIM AID")
+	}
+	apdu := []byte{0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x04, byte(len(aid))}
+	apdu = append(apdu, aid...)
+	apdu = append(apdu, 0x00)
+	data, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, apdu)
+	if err := requireStatus("select USIM application", sw, err); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func readBinary(ctx context.Context, card Card, length int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if length <= 0 || length > 256 {
+		return nil, errors.New("pcsc: invalid binary read length")
+	}
+	le := byte(length)
+	if length == 256 {
+		le = 0
+	}
+	data, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0xB0, 0x00, 0x00, le})
+	if err := requireStatus("read binary", sw, err); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func verifyPIN(ctx context.Context, card Card, pin string) error {
+	pin = strings.TrimSpace(pin)
+	if pin == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(pin) < 4 || len(pin) > 8 || !decimalDigits(pin) {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: SIM PIN must contain 4 to 8 digits")
+	}
+	_, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: SIM PIN status check failed")
+	}
+	if sw == 0x9000 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	tries := -1
+	if sw&0xFFF0 == 0x63C0 {
+		tries = int(sw & 0x000F)
+		if tries <= 2 {
+			return &PINError{Kind: ErrPINTriesLow, Tries: tries}
+		}
+	}
+	body := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xFF}, 8)
+	copy(body, []byte(pin))
+	apdu := append([]byte{0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x01, 0x08}, body...)
+	_, sw, err = card.Transmit(ctx, apdu)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: SIM PIN verification transport failed")
+	}
+	if sw == 0x9000 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if sw&0xFFF0 == 0x63C0 {
+		return &PINError{Kind: ErrPINRejected, Tries: int(sw & 0x000F)}
+	}
+	return ErrPINRejected
+}
+
+func requireStatus(operation string, sw uint16, err error) error {
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("pcsc: %s transport failed", operation)
+	}
+	if sw == 0x9000 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if sw == 0x6982 || sw == 0x9804 {
+		return &PINError{Kind: ErrPINRequired, Tries: -1}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("pcsc: %s failed with status %04X", operation, sw)
+}
+
+func decodeSwappedBCD(value []byte, dropFirstNibble bool) string {
+	var result strings.Builder
+	for _, octet := range value {
+		for _, nibble := range []byte{octet & 0x0F, octet >> 4} {
+			if dropFirstNibble {
+				dropFirstNibble = false
+				continue
+			}
+			if nibble == 0x0F {
+				return result.String()
+			}
+			if nibble > 9 {
+				return ""
+			}
+			result.WriteByte('0' + nibble)
+		}
+	}
+	return result.String()
+}
+
+func decodeIMSI(data []byte) (string, error) {
+	if len(data) < 2 {
+		return "", errors.New("pcsc: EF_IMSI is too short")
+	}
+	length := int(data[0])
+	if length <= 0 || length > len(data)-1 {
+		return "", errors.New("pcsc: EF_IMSI has an invalid length")
+	}
+	value := decodeSwappedBCD(data[1:1+length], true)
+	if len(value) < 10 || len(value) > 18 || !decimalDigits(value) {
+		return "", errors.New("pcsc: card returned an invalid IMSI")
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+func decimalDigits(value string) bool {
+	if value == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, character := range value {
+		if character < '0' || character > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func findTLV(data []byte, wanted byte) []byte {
+	for len(data) >= 2 {
+		tag := data[0]
+		data = data[1:]
+		length, consumed, ok := decodeTLVLength(data)
+		if !ok || consumed+length > len(data) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		value := data[consumed : consumed+length]
+		if tag == wanted {
+			return append([]byte(nil), value...)
+		}
+		if tag&0x20 != 0 {
+			if nested := findTLV(value, wanted); len(nested) > 0 {
+				return nested
+			}
+		}
+		data = data[consumed+length:]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func decodeTLVLength(data []byte) (length, consumed int, ok bool) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+	if data[0]&0x80 == 0 {
+		return int(data[0]), 1, true
+	}
+	count := int(data[0] & 0x7F)
+	if count < 1 || count > 2 || len(data) < 1+count {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+	length = 0
+	for _, octet := range data[1 : 1+count] {
+		length = length<<8 | int(octet)
+	}
+	return length, 1 + count, true
+}
+
+func parseAKAResponse(data []byte) (AKAResult, error) {
+	if len(data) < 2 {
+		return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned a short AKA response")
+	}
+	switch data[0] {
+	case 0xDB:
+		res, rest, ok := takeLV(data[1:])
+		if !ok || len(res) < 4 || len(res) > 16 {
+			return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned an invalid AKA RES")
+		}
+		ck, rest, ok := takeLV(rest)
+		if !ok || len(ck) != 16 {
+			return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned an invalid AKA CK")
+		}
+		ik, rest, ok := takeLV(rest)
+		if !ok || len(ik) != 16 {
+			return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned an invalid AKA IK")
+		}
+		if len(rest) > 0 {
+			kc, tail, valid := takeLV(rest)
+			if !valid || len(kc) != 8 || len(tail) != 0 {
+				return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned invalid trailing AKA material")
+			}
+		}
+		return AKAResult{RES: append([]byte(nil), res...), CK: append([]byte(nil), ck...), IK: append([]byte(nil), ik...)}, nil
+	case 0xDC:
+		auts, tail, ok := takeLV(data[1:])
+		if !ok || len(auts) != 14 || len(tail) != 0 {
+			return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned invalid AKA synchronization evidence")
+		}
+		return AKAResult{AUTS: append([]byte(nil), auts...), SynchronizationFailure: true}, nil
+	default:
+		return AKAResult{}, errors.New("pcsc: USIM returned an unsupported AKA response")
+	}
+}
+
+func takeLV(data []byte) (value, rest []byte, ok bool) {
+	if len(data) == 0 || int(data[0]) > len(data)-1 {
+		return nil, data, false
+	}
+	length := int(data[0])
+	return data[1 : 1+length], data[1+length:], true
+}
+
+func readSPN(ctx context.Context, card Card) string {
+	if err := selectFile(ctx, card, []byte{0x6F, 0x46}); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	data, err := readBinary(ctx, card, 17)
+	if err != nil || len(data) < 2 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimRight(string(data[1:]), "\x00\xFF"))
+}
+
+func readSMSC(ctx context.Context, card Card) string {
+	if err := selectFile(ctx, card, []byte{0x6F, 0x42}); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	data, sw, err := card.Transmit(ctx, []byte{0x00, 0xB2, 0x01, 0x04, 0x00})
+	if err != nil || sw != 0x9000 || len(data) < 15 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	sca := data[len(data)-15 : len(data)-3]
+	if len(sca) < 2 || sca[0] < 2 || int(sca[0]) > len(sca)-1 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	digits := decodeSwappedBCD(sca[2:1+int(sca[0])], false)
+	if !decimalDigits(digits) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if sca[1]&0x70 == 0x10 {
+		return "+" + digits
+	}
+	return digits
+}

internal/pcsc/service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package pcsc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type scriptedReply struct {
+	data []byte
+	sw   uint16
+}
+
+type scriptedCard struct {
+	replies []scriptedReply
+	calls   [][]byte
+}
+
+func (card *scriptedCard) Transmit(_ context.Context, command []byte) ([]byte, uint16, error) {
+	card.calls = append(card.calls, append([]byte(nil), command...))
+	if len(card.replies) == 0 {
+		return nil, 0, errors.New("unexpected APDU")
+	}
+	reply := card.replies[0]
+	card.replies = card.replies[1:]
+	return append([]byte(nil), reply.data...), reply.sw, nil
+}
+
+func (*scriptedCard) Close() error { return nil }
+
+func TestDecodeIdentifiers(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := decodeSwappedBCD([]byte{0x98, 0x10, 0x32, 0x54, 0xF6}, false); got != "890123456" {
+		t.Fatalf("ICCID BCD = %q", got)
+	}
+	imsi, err := decodeIMSI([]byte{0x08, 0x19, 0x32, 0x54, 0x76, 0x98, 0x10, 0x32, 0x54})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if imsi != "123456789012345" {
+		t.Fatalf("IMSI = %q", imsi)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVerifyPINRefusesLowAttemptCount(t *testing.T) {
+	card := &scriptedCard{replies: []scriptedReply{{sw: 0x63C2}}}
+	err := verifyPIN(context.Background(), card, "1234")
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrPINTriesLow) {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(card.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("APDU calls = %d, PIN must not be submitted", len(card.calls))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseAKAResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	data := []byte{0xDB, 0x08, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0x10}
+	data = append(data, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xAA}, 16)...)
+	data = append(data, 0x10)
+	data = append(data, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xBB}, 16)...)
+	result, err := parseAKAResponse(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.RES) != 8 || len(result.CK) != 16 || len(result.IK) != 16 || result.SynchronizationFailure {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected AKA result: %#v", result)
+	}
+
+	syncResult, err := parseAKAResponse(append([]byte{0xDC, 0x0E}, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xCC}, 14)...))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !syncResult.SynchronizationFailure || len(syncResult.AUTS) != 14 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected sync result: %#v", syncResult)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeviceIDUsesStableUSBPath(t *testing.T) {
+	a := DeviceID(Reader{Name: "reader 00 00", USBPath: "1-3"})
+	b := DeviceID(Reader{Name: "renamed reader", USBPath: "1-3"})
+	if a != b || a == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("device IDs = %q, %q", a, b)
+	}
+}

internal/pcsc/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package pcsc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const HardwareKind = "pcsc"
+
+var (
+	ErrUnsupported     = errors.New("pcsc: platform is not supported")
+	ErrUnavailable     = errors.New("pcsc: service is unavailable")
+	ErrReaderNotFound  = errors.New("pcsc: reader not found")
+	ErrNoCard          = errors.New("pcsc: no card is inserted")
+	ErrPINRequired     = errors.New("pcsc: SIM PIN is required")
+	ErrPINTriesLow     = errors.New("pcsc: refusing PIN verification because too few attempts remain")
+	ErrPINRejected     = errors.New("pcsc: SIM PIN was rejected")
+	ErrUSIMUnavailable = errors.New("pcsc: no usable USIM application was found")
+	ErrCardChanged     = errors.New("pcsc: card identity changed during authentication")
+	ErrAKARejected     = errors.New("pcsc: USIM rejected the network authentication token")
+)
+
+type Reader struct {
+	Name         string
+	USBPath      string
+	VendorID     string
+	ProductID    string
+	Manufacturer string
+	Product      string
+	CardPresent  bool
+	ATR          string
+}
+
+type Selector struct {
+	USBPath    string
+	ReaderName string
+}
+
+func (selector Selector) validate() error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(selector.USBPath) == "" && strings.TrimSpace(selector.ReaderName) == "" {
+		return errors.New("pcsc: reader selector is empty")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type Identity struct {
+	ICCID       string
+	IMSI        string
+	MNCLength   int
+	USIMAID     []byte
+	SMSC        string
+	SPN         string
+	PINRequired bool
+	PINTries    int
+}
+
+type Snapshot struct {
+	Reader   Reader
+	Identity Identity
+}
+
+type AKAChallenge struct {
+	RAND [16]byte
+	AUTN [16]byte
+}
+
+type AKAResult struct {
+	RES                    []byte
+	CK                     []byte
+	IK                     []byte
+	AUTS                   []byte
+	SynchronizationFailure bool
+}
+
+type PINError struct {
+	Kind  error
+	Tries int
+}
+
+func (err *PINError) Error() string {
+	if err == nil {
+		return "pcsc: SIM PIN error"
+	}
+	if err.Tries >= 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%v (%d attempts remain)", err.Kind, err.Tries)
+	}
+	return err.Kind.Error()
+}
+
+func (err *PINError) Unwrap() error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err.Kind
+}
+
+type Card interface {
+	Transmit(context.Context, []byte) ([]byte, uint16, error)
+	Close() error
+}
+
+type Backend interface {
+	Readers(context.Context) ([]Reader, error)
+	Open(context.Context, Selector) (Card, error)
+}

internal/server/automatic_task_notifications.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"mime"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/mail"
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ func (s *Server) notifyAutomaticTask(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticTa
 		}, "\n"),
 		Time: run.FinishedAt, Task: task, Run: run,
 	}
-	for _, channel := range []string{"telegram", "bark", "email", "pushplus", "webhook"} {
+	for _, channel := range []string{"telegram", "bark", "email", "pushplus", "webhook", "wecom"} {
 		setting, err := s.store.NotificationSetting(ctx, channel)
 		if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) || (err == nil && !setting.Enabled) {
 			continue
@@ -89,6 +88,8 @@ func sendAutomaticTaskNotification(ctx context.Context, channel string, config m
 		return sendPushplusTextNotification(ctx, config, message.Title, message.Text)
 	case "webhook":
 		return sendAutomaticTaskWebhook(ctx, config, message)
+	case "wecom":
+		return sendWecomNotification(ctx, config, wecomAutomaticTaskValues(message))
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported notification channel %q", channel)
 	}
@@ -266,13 +267,13 @@ func sendEmailTextNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, subje
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	from, err := mail.ParseAddress(configString(config, "from_address"))
+	from, err := parseMailAddress(configString(config, "from_address"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	var recipients []*mail.Address
 	for _, item := range configStrings(config, "to_addresses") {
-		address, err := mail.ParseAddress(item)
+		address, err := parseMailAddress(item)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -290,12 +291,7 @@ func sendEmailTextNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, subje
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	email := strings.Join([]string{
-		"Date: " + time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC1123Z), "From: " + from.String(),
-		"To: " + joinMailAddresses(recipients), "Subject: " + mime.QEncoding.Encode("UTF-8", subject),
-		"MIME-Version: 1.0", "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8", "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit", "", text, "",
-	}, "\r\n")
-	if _, err := io.WriteString(writer, email); err != nil {
+	if err := writePlainTextMail(writer, from, recipients, subject, text); err != nil {
 		_ = writer.Close()
 		return err
 	}

internal/server/automatic_tasks.go

@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ type automaticTaskExecutionError struct {
 func (value automaticTaskExecutionError) Error() string { return value.err.Error() }
 func (value automaticTaskExecutionError) Unwrap() error { return value.err }
 
+type automaticTaskProgress func(string)
+
+type automaticTaskEnvironmentSnapshot struct {
+	config store.Device
+	policy store.CardPolicy
+}
+
 type automaticTaskScheduler struct {
 	server *Server
 	ctx    context.Context
@@ -50,6 +57,14 @@ func (s *Server) StartAutomaticTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 	scheduler := &automaticTaskScheduler{server: s, ctx: ctx, queues: make(map[string]chan store.AutomaticTaskRun)}
 	s.automaticTasks = scheduler
+	queued, err := s.store.RecoverAutomaticTaskRuns(ctx, time.Now().UTC())
+	if err != nil {
+		s.logger.Warn("recover automatic tasks", "error", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, run := range queued {
+			scheduler.enqueue(run)
+		}
+	}
 	go scheduler.run()
 }
 
@@ -117,9 +132,14 @@ func (scheduler *automaticTaskScheduler) execute(run store.AutomaticTaskRun) {
 	var output string
 	for attempt := 1; attempt <= task.RetryCount+1; attempt++ {
 		run.Attempts = attempt
+		run.Output = fmt.Sprintf("第 %d 次尝试：正在检查设备和 eSIM Profile", attempt)
 		_ = scheduler.server.store.UpdateAutomaticTaskRun(context.Background(), run)
+		progress := func(message string) {
+			run.Output = fmt.Sprintf("第 %d 次尝试：%s", attempt, message)
+			_ = scheduler.server.store.UpdateAutomaticTaskRun(context.Background(), run)
+		}
 		operationContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(scheduler.ctx, automaticTaskMaxRuntime)
-		output, err = scheduler.server.executeAutomaticTask(operationContext, task)
+		output, err = scheduler.server.executeAutomaticTask(operationContext, task, progress)
 		cancel()
 		if err == nil {
 			break
@@ -129,7 +149,10 @@ func (scheduler *automaticTaskScheduler) execute(run store.AutomaticTaskRun) {
 			break
 		}
 		if attempt <= task.RetryCount {
-			scheduler.server.logger.Warn("automatic task attempt failed", "task_id", task.ID, "device_id", task.DeviceID, "attempt", attempt, "error", err)
+			// A device error may contain the full AT command, including APN
+			// credentials. The persisted run retains a user-facing outcome; logs
+			// contain only non-sensitive execution metadata.
+			scheduler.server.logger.Warn("automatic task attempt failed", "task_id", task.ID, "device_id", task.DeviceID, "attempt", attempt)
 			select {
 			case <-scheduler.ctx.Done():
 				break
@@ -151,13 +174,35 @@ func (scheduler *automaticTaskScheduler) execute(run store.AutomaticTaskRun) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) executeAutomaticTask(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticTask) (string, error) {
-	config, entry, physicalID, err := s.ensureAutomaticTaskProfile(ctx, task)
+func (s *Server) executeAutomaticTask(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticTask, progress automaticTaskProgress) (output string, err error) {
+	progress("正在检查设备和 eSIM Profile")
+	config, entry, physicalID, err := s.ensureAutomaticTaskProfile(ctx, task, progress)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	networkWasEnabled := config.NetworkEnabled
-	if err := s.prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx, &config, entry, physicalID, task); err != nil {
+	iccid := strings.TrimSpace(task.ProfileICCID)
+	policy, policyErr := s.store.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid)
+	if errors.Is(policyErr, store.ErrNotFound) {
+		policy = defaultCardPolicy(iccid)
+	} else if policyErr != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read saved card policy: %w", policyErr)
+	}
+	snapshot := automaticTaskEnvironmentSnapshot{config: config, policy: policy}
+	actionCompleted := false
+	defer func() {
+		progress("正在恢复该 Profile 原先保存的卡策略")
+		if restoreErr := s.restoreAutomaticTaskEnvironment(physicalID, snapshot); restoreErr != nil {
+			if err == nil && actionCompleted {
+				output = ""
+				err = automaticTaskExecutionError{err: fmt.Errorf("task completed but card policy restoration failed: %w", restoreErr), retryable: false}
+			} else if err == nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("restore card policy: %w", restoreErr)
+			} else {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("%w; card policy restoration also failed: %v", err, restoreErr)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	if err := s.prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx, &config, entry, physicalID, task, progress); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	var payload automaticTaskPayload
@@ -166,21 +211,29 @@ func (s *Server) executeAutomaticTask(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticT
 	}
 	switch task.TaskType {
 	case "sms":
-		return s.executeAutomaticSMS(ctx, task, payload)
+		progress("正在发送短信")
+		output, err = s.executeAutomaticSMS(ctx, task, payload)
 	case "call":
-		return s.executeAutomaticCall(ctx, task, payload)
+		progress("正在发起通话")
+		output, err = s.executeAutomaticCall(ctx, task, payload)
 	case "public_ip":
-		return s.executeAutomaticPublicIP(ctx, config, physicalID, task.ProfileICCID, networkWasEnabled)
+		progress("蜂窝数据已连接，正在查询漫游公网 IP")
+		output, err = s.executeAutomaticPublicIP(ctx, config, task.ProfileICCID)
 	default:
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported automatic task type %q", task.TaskType)
 	}
+	actionCompleted = err == nil
+	return output, err
 }
 
-func (s *Server) ensureAutomaticTaskProfile(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticTask) (store.Device, device.Device, string, error) {
+func (s *Server) ensureAutomaticTaskProfile(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticTask, progress automaticTaskProgress) (store.Device, device.Device, string, error) {
 	config, err := s.store.Device(ctx, task.DeviceID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return store.Device{}, device.Device{}, "", fmt.Errorf("read device: %w", err)
 	}
+	if err := validateAutomaticTaskDeviceCapabilities(config, task.TaskType, task.Environment); err != nil {
+		return store.Device{}, device.Device{}, "", err
+	}
 	entry, physicalID, present := s.physicalForConfig(config)
 	if !present || entry.Snapshot == nil {
 		return store.Device{}, device.Device{}, "", errors.New("configured device is offline")
@@ -188,6 +241,7 @@ func (s *Server) ensureAutomaticTaskProfile(ctx context.Context, task store.Auto
 	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(entry.Snapshot.ICCID), strings.TrimSpace(task.ProfileICCID)) {
 		return config, entry, physicalID, nil
 	}
+	progress("正在切换到任务指定的 eSIM Profile")
 	if _, err := s.devices.SetFlight(ctx, physicalID, true); err != nil {
 		return store.Device{}, device.Device{}, "", fmt.Errorf("enter airplane mode before profile switch: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -209,9 +263,10 @@ func (s *Server) ensureAutomaticTaskProfile(ctx context.Context, task store.Auto
 	return config, entry, physicalID, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx context.Context, config *store.Device, entry device.Device, physicalID string, task store.AutomaticTask) error {
+func (s *Server) prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx context.Context, config *store.Device, entry device.Device, physicalID string, task store.AutomaticTask, progress automaticTaskProgress) error {
 	iccid := strings.TrimSpace(task.ProfileICCID)
 	if task.Environment == "vowifi" {
+		progress("正在准备 VoWiFi 执行环境")
 		if task.TaskType == "public_ip" {
 			return errors.New("public IP tasks cannot run over VoWiFi")
 		}
@@ -222,7 +277,19 @@ func (s *Server) prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx context.Context, config *st
 		if err := s.store.UpsertDevice(ctx, *config); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, store.CardPolicy{ICCID: iccid, VoWiFiEnabled: true, AirplaneEnabled: true, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Source: "automatic_task"}); err != nil {
+		policy, policyErr := s.store.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid)
+		if errors.Is(policyErr, store.ErrNotFound) {
+			policy = defaultCardPolicy(iccid)
+			policyErr = nil
+		}
+		if policyErr != nil {
+			return policyErr
+		}
+		policy.NetworkEnabled = false
+		policy.VoWiFiEnabled = true
+		policy.AirplaneEnabled = true
+		policy.Source = "automatic_task"
+		if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if s.vowifi == nil {
@@ -253,17 +320,29 @@ func (s *Server) prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx context.Context, config *st
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	progress("正在开启蜂窝无线并启用自动选网")
 	config.VoWiFiEnabled = false
 	config.NetworkEnabled = task.TaskType == "public_ip"
 	if err := s.store.UpsertDevice(ctx, *config); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, store.CardPolicy{ICCID: iccid, NetworkEnabled: config.NetworkEnabled, VoWiFiEnabled: false, AirplaneEnabled: false, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Source: "automatic_task"}); err != nil {
+	policy, policyErr := s.store.CardPolicy(ctx, iccid)
+	if errors.Is(policyErr, store.ErrNotFound) {
+		policy = defaultCardPolicy(iccid)
+		policy.APN = config.APN
+	} else if policyErr != nil {
+		return policyErr
+	}
+	policy.NetworkEnabled = config.NetworkEnabled
+	policy.VoWiFiEnabled = false
+	policy.AirplaneEnabled = false
+	policy.Source = "automatic_task"
+	if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if task.TaskType != "public_ip" {
-		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(ctx, physicalID, device.NetworkRequest{Enabled: false, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Backend: config.DeviceBackend}); err != nil {
-			s.logger.Warn("automatic task could not stop unused cellular data", "device_id", config.ID, "error", err)
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(ctx, physicalID, s.cardNetworkRequest(ctx, physicalID, *config, policy, false)); err != nil {
+			s.logger.Warn("automatic task could not stop unused cellular data", "device_id", config.ID)
 		}
 	}
 	if _, err := s.devices.SetFlight(ctx, physicalID, false); err != nil {
@@ -275,6 +354,7 @@ func (s *Server) prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx context.Context, config *st
 	if _, err := s.devices.ReRegisterOperator(ctx, physicalID); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("re-register cellular network: %w", err)
 	}
+	progress("正在搜索并注册蜂窝网络（漫游注册可能需要数分钟）")
 	if err := s.waitAutomaticCellular(ctx, physicalID, task.TaskType == "public_ip"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -282,8 +362,8 @@ func (s *Server) prepareAutomaticTaskEnvironment(ctx context.Context, config *st
 		if !s.developerActive(ctx) {
 			return errors.New("roaming public IP tasks require developer mode")
 		}
-		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(ctx, physicalID, device.NetworkRequest{Enabled: true, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Backend: config.DeviceBackend}); err != nil {
-			s.rollbackAutomaticNetwork(config.ID, physicalID, iccid, *config)
+		progress("已注册蜂窝网络，正在建立数据连接")
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(ctx, physicalID, s.cardNetworkRequest(ctx, physicalID, *config, policy, true)); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("start roaming data: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -407,10 +487,7 @@ func (s *Server) executeAutomaticCall(ctx context.Context, task store.AutomaticT
 	return fmt.Sprintf("已拨打 %s，将在 %d 秒后自动挂断", payload.Phone, payload.DurationSeconds), nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) executeAutomaticPublicIP(ctx context.Context, config store.Device, physicalID, iccid string, networkWasEnabled bool) (string, error) {
-	if !networkWasEnabled {
-		defer s.rollbackAutomaticNetwork(config.ID, physicalID, iccid, config)
-	}
+func (s *Server) executeAutomaticPublicIP(ctx context.Context, config store.Device, iccid string) (string, error) {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(config.Interface) == "" {
 		return "", errors.New("device has no cellular network interface")
 	}
@@ -422,19 +499,116 @@ func (s *Server) executeAutomaticPublicIP(ctx context.Context, config store.Devi
 	return strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("公网 IP %s · %s %s", info.IP, info.CountryCode, info.Region)), nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) rollbackAutomaticNetwork(deviceID, physicalID, iccid string, config store.Device) {
-	cleanupContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+func (s *Server) restoreAutomaticTaskEnvironment(physicalID string, snapshot automaticTaskEnvironmentSnapshot) error {
+	cleanupContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 60*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
-	if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(cleanupContext, physicalID, device.NetworkRequest{Enabled: false, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Backend: config.DeviceBackend}); err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("stop one-shot automatic roaming data", "device_id", deviceID, "error", err)
+	config, policy := snapshot.config, snapshot.policy
+	desiredNetwork := policy.NetworkEnabled && !policy.VoWiFiEnabled && !policy.AirplaneEnabled
+	config.APN = policy.APN
+	config.NetworkEnabled = desiredNetwork
+	config.VoWiFiEnabled = policy.VoWiFiEnabled
+	var restoreErrors []error
+	if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(cleanupContext, policy); err != nil {
+		restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("persist card policy: %w", err))
 	}
-	config.NetworkEnabled = false
 	if err := s.store.UpsertDevice(cleanupContext, config); err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("restore automatic roaming data setting", "device_id", deviceID, "error", err)
+		restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("persist device policy: %w", err))
 	}
-	if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(cleanupContext, store.CardPolicy{ICCID: iccid, NetworkEnabled: false, VoWiFiEnabled: false, AirplaneEnabled: false, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Source: "automatic_task"}); err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("restore automatic roaming card policy", "device_id", deviceID, "error", err)
+	if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+		if s.vowifi == nil {
+			return errors.Join(append(restoreErrors, errors.New("VoWiFi runtime is unavailable"))...)
+		}
+		state, stateErr := s.vowifi.State(config.ID)
+		if policy.VoWiFiEnabled {
+			if stateErr == nil && state.Enabled {
+				_, stateErr = s.vowifi.RequestReconnect(config.ID)
+			} else {
+				_, stateErr = s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(config.ID, true)
+			}
+		} else if stateErr == nil && (state.Enabled || state.Active) {
+			_, stateErr = s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(config.ID, false)
+		}
+		if stateErr != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore reader VoWiFi: %w", stateErr))
+		}
+		return errors.Join(restoreErrors...)
 	}
+
+	if policy.VoWiFiEnabled {
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(cleanupContext, physicalID, s.cardNetworkRequest(cleanupContext, physicalID, config, policy, false)); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("stop cellular data: %w", err))
+		}
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetFlight(cleanupContext, physicalID, true); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore airplane mode: %w", err))
+		}
+		if s.vowifi == nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, errors.New("VoWiFi runtime is unavailable"))
+		} else if state, stateErr := s.vowifi.State(config.ID); stateErr == nil && state.Enabled {
+			if _, err := s.vowifi.RequestReconnect(config.ID); err != nil {
+				restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore VoWiFi: %w", err))
+			}
+		} else if _, err := s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(config.ID, true); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore VoWiFi: %w", err))
+		}
+		return errors.Join(restoreErrors...)
+	}
+	if s.vowifi != nil {
+		if state, stateErr := s.vowifi.State(config.ID); stateErr == nil && (state.Enabled || state.Active) {
+			if _, err := s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(config.ID, false); err != nil {
+				restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("stop VoWiFi: %w", err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if policy.AirplaneEnabled {
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(cleanupContext, physicalID, s.cardNetworkRequest(cleanupContext, physicalID, config, policy, false)); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("stop cellular data: %w", err))
+		}
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetFlight(cleanupContext, physicalID, true); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore airplane mode: %w", err))
+		}
+		return errors.Join(restoreErrors...)
+	}
+	if !desiredNetwork {
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(cleanupContext, physicalID, s.cardNetworkRequest(cleanupContext, physicalID, config, policy, false)); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("stop cellular data: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := s.devices.SetFlight(cleanupContext, physicalID, false); err != nil {
+		restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore cellular radio: %w", err))
+	}
+	if desiredNetwork {
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(cleanupContext, physicalID, s.cardNetworkRequest(cleanupContext, physicalID, config, policy, true)); err != nil {
+			restoreErrors = append(restoreErrors, fmt.Errorf("restore cellular data: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(restoreErrors...)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) cardNetworkRequest(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	physicalID string,
+	config store.Device,
+	policy store.CardPolicy,
+	enabled bool,
+) device.NetworkRequest {
+	request := device.NetworkRequest{
+		Enabled: enabled, APN: policy.APN, IPVersion: policy.IPVersion, Backend: config.DeviceBackend,
+	}
+	if request.IPVersion == "" {
+		request.IPVersion = "IPV4V6"
+	}
+	profile, err := s.store.CardAPNProfileByAPN(ctx, policy.ICCID, policy.APN, policy.IPVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return request
+	}
+	request.Username = profile.Username
+	request.Password = profile.Password
+	request.Authentication = profile.AuthType
+	if entry, getErr := s.devices.Get(physicalID); getErr == nil && entry.Snapshot != nil &&
+		entry.Snapshot.RegistrationStatus == 5 && profile.RoamingIPVersion != "" {
+		request.IPVersion = profile.RoamingIPVersion
+	}
+	return request
 }
 
 func compactAutomaticResponse(body []byte) string {
@@ -456,6 +630,10 @@ func (s *Server) routeAutomaticTasksAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 		s.handleAutomaticTasks(w, r)
 		return true
 	}
+	if len(segments) == 2 && segments[1] == "runs" {
+		s.handleAutomaticTaskRuns(w, r)
+		return true
+	}
 	id, err := strconv.ParseInt(segments[1], 10, 64)
 	if err != nil || id <= 0 {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_task_id", "automatic task ID is invalid")
@@ -481,12 +659,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleAutomaticTasks(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
 		}
-		runs, err := s.store.ListAutomaticTaskRuns(r.Context(), 100)
-		if err != nil {
-			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
-			return
-		}
-		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"tasks": tasks, "runs": runs}})
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"tasks": tasks}})
 	case http.MethodPost:
 		task, err := s.decodeAutomaticTask(r, 0)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -531,6 +704,21 @@ func (s *Server) handleAutomaticTask(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *Server) handleAutomaticTaskRuns(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodGet) {
+		return
+	}
+	query := r.URL.Query()
+	limit, _ := strconv.Atoi(query.Get("limit"))
+	offset, _ := strconv.Atoi(query.Get("offset"))
+	runs, total, err := s.store.ListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated(r.Context(), limit, offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"runs": runs, "total": total}})
+}
+
 func (s *Server) handleAutomaticTaskRunNow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id int64) {
 	if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodPost) {
 		return
@@ -544,6 +732,15 @@ func (s *Server) handleAutomaticTaskRunNow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
+	config, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), task.DeviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := validateAutomaticTaskDeviceCapabilities(config, task.TaskType, task.Environment); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "wifi_calling_only_device", err.Error())
+		return
+	}
 	run, err := s.store.QueueAutomaticTaskNow(r.Context(), task)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
@@ -579,7 +776,8 @@ func (s *Server) decodeAutomaticTask(r *http.Request, id int64) (store.Automatic
 	if request.Name == "" || request.DeviceID == "" || request.ProfileICCID == "" {
 		return store.AutomaticTask{}, errors.New("name, device, and eSIM profile are required")
 	}
-	if _, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), request.DeviceID); err != nil {
+	selectedDevice, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), request.DeviceID)
+	if err != nil {
 		return store.AutomaticTask{}, errors.New("selected device does not exist")
 	}
 	if request.Environment != "vowifi" && request.Environment != "cellular" {
@@ -591,6 +789,9 @@ func (s *Server) decodeAutomaticTask(r *http.Request, id int64) (store.Automatic
 	if request.TaskType == "public_ip" && request.Environment != "cellular" {
 		return store.AutomaticTask{}, errors.New("public IP tasks must use cellular direct mode")
 	}
+	if err := validateAutomaticTaskDeviceCapabilities(selectedDevice, request.TaskType, request.Environment); err != nil {
+		return store.AutomaticTask{}, err
+	}
 	if request.IntervalDays < 1 || request.IntervalDays > 365 || request.RetryCount < 0 || request.RetryCount > 10 {
 		return store.AutomaticTask{}, errors.New("interval_days must be 1-365 and retry_count must be 0-10")
 	}
@@ -630,6 +831,19 @@ func (s *Server) decodeAutomaticTask(r *http.Request, id int64) (store.Automatic
 	return task, nil
 }
 
+func validateAutomaticTaskDeviceCapabilities(config store.Device, taskType, environment string) error {
+	if config.DeviceType != store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if environment != "vowifi" {
+		return errors.New("USB SIM reader tasks must use the VoWiFi environment")
+	}
+	if taskType != "sms" && taskType != "call" {
+		return errors.New("USB SIM readers support only VoWiFi SMS and call tasks")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func nextAutomaticRun(date, clock string, intervalDays int, now time.Time) (time.Time, error) {
 	location := now.Location()
 	start, err := time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02 15:04", strings.TrimSpace(date)+" "+strings.TrimSpace(clock), location)

internal/server/automatic_tasks_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package server
 import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
 func TestNextAutomaticRunUsesIntervalAndLocalClock(t *testing.T) {
@@ -18,6 +20,25 @@ func TestNextAutomaticRunUsesIntervalAndLocalClock(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestUSBSIMReaderAutomaticTasksRequireVoWiFi(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := store.Device{DeviceType: store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader}
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		taskType    string
+		environment string
+		wantError   bool
+	}{
+		{taskType: "sms", environment: "vowifi"},
+		{taskType: "call", environment: "vowifi"},
+		{taskType: "sms", environment: "cellular", wantError: true},
+		{taskType: "public_ip", environment: "cellular", wantError: true},
+	} {
+		err := validateAutomaticTaskDeviceCapabilities(reader, test.taskType, test.environment)
+		if (err != nil) != test.wantError {
+			t.Errorf("type=%s environment=%s error=%v", test.taskType, test.environment, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAutomaticSMSRetrySafetyPreventsDuplicateSubmission(t *testing.T) {
 	unsafe := []byte(`{"data":{"parts_attempted":1,"parts_accepted":1,"retry_safe":false}}`)
 	if automaticSMSRetrySafe(unsafe) {

internal/server/developer_settings.go

@@ -7,37 +7,62 @@ import (
 )
 
 func (s *Server) handleDeveloperSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if !s.developerEnabled {
+	if !s.developerActive(r.Context()) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "resource not found")
 		return
 	}
 	switch r.Method {
 	case http.MethodGet:
-		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
-			"device_limit":         developer.DeviceLimit(r.Context(), s.store, true),
-			"default_device_limit": developer.DefaultDeviceLimit,
-			"max_device_limit":     developer.MaxDeviceLimit,
-		}})
+		s.writeDeveloperSettings(w, r)
 	case http.MethodPut:
 		var request struct {
-			DeviceLimit int `json:"device_limit"`
+			DeviceLimit    *int `json:"device_limit"`
+			SMSHourlyLimit *int `json:"sms_hourly_limit"`
 		}
 		if err := s.decodeJSON(w, r, &request); err != nil {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		if err := developer.SetDeviceLimit(r.Context(), s.store, request.DeviceLimit); err != nil {
-			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_device_limit", err.Error())
+		if request.DeviceLimit == nil && request.SMSHourlyLimit == nil {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", "at least one developer setting is required")
 			return
 		}
-		s.recordAudit(r.Context(), "admin", "settings.developer.device_limit", "settings", "developer", "success", "device limit updated")
-		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
-			"device_limit":         request.DeviceLimit,
-			"default_device_limit": developer.DefaultDeviceLimit,
-			"max_device_limit":     developer.MaxDeviceLimit,
-		}})
+		if request.DeviceLimit != nil && (*request.DeviceLimit < 1 || *request.DeviceLimit > developer.MaxDeviceLimit) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_device_limit", "device limit is outside the supported range")
+			return
+		}
+		if request.SMSHourlyLimit != nil && (*request.SMSHourlyLimit < 1 || *request.SMSHourlyLimit > developer.MaxSMSHourlyLimit) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_sms_hourly_limit", "SMS hourly limit is outside the supported range")
+			return
+		}
+		if request.DeviceLimit != nil {
+			if err := developer.SetDeviceLimit(r.Context(), s.store, *request.DeviceLimit); err != nil {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_device_limit", err.Error())
+				return
+			}
+			s.recordAudit(r.Context(), "admin", "settings.developer.device_limit", "settings", "developer", "success", "device limit updated")
+		}
+		if request.SMSHourlyLimit != nil {
+			if err := developer.SetSMSHourlyLimit(r.Context(), s.store, *request.SMSHourlyLimit); err != nil {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_sms_hourly_limit", err.Error())
+				return
+			}
+			s.recordAudit(r.Context(), "admin", "settings.developer.sms_hourly_limit", "settings", "developer", "success", "global SMS hourly limit updated")
+		}
+		s.writeDeveloperSettings(w, r)
 	default:
 		w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET, PUT")
 		writeError(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "method_not_allowed", "method not allowed")
 	}
 }
+
+func (s *Server) writeDeveloperSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
+		"device_limit":             developer.DeviceLimit(r.Context(), s.store, true),
+		"default_device_limit":     developer.DefaultDeviceLimit,
+		"max_device_limit":         developer.MaxDeviceLimit,
+		"sms_hourly_limit":         developer.SMSHourlyLimit(r.Context(), s.store),
+		"default_sms_hourly_limit": developer.DefaultSMSHourlyLimit,
+		"max_sms_hourly_limit":     developer.MaxSMSHourlyLimit,
+	}})
+}

internal/server/developer_settings_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"vocat/internal/developer"
+	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
 func TestDeveloperOnlySettingsAreHiddenWhenModeIsOff(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,3 +26,27 @@ func TestDeveloperOnlySettingsAreHiddenWhenModeIsOff(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDeveloperSettingsUpdatesGlobalSMSLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database, err := store.Open(ctx, ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.Close() })
+	enabled, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]bool{"enabled": true})
+	if err := database.UpsertAppSetting(ctx, store.AppSetting{Key: developer.EnabledSettingKey, Value: enabled}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	server := &Server{store: database, developerEnabled: true, logger: regionTestLogger(), maxRequestBodyBytes: 4096}
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/settings/developer", strings.NewReader(`{"sms_hourly_limit":25}`))
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	server.handleDeveloperSettings(response, request)
+	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body=%s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
+	}
+	if got := developer.SMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database); got != 25 {
+		t.Fatalf("SMS hourly limit = %d, want 25", got)
+	}
+}

internal/server/device_api.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/csv"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ type deviceConfigPayload struct {
 	USBPath            string `json:"usb_path"`
 	AudioDevice        string `json:"audio_device"`
 	ModemIMEI          string `json:"modem_imei"`
+	SIMPIN             string `json:"sim_pin"`
 	APN                string `json:"apn"`
 	ProxyPort          int    `json:"proxy_port"`
 	BaudRate           int    `json:"baud_rate"`
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@ func (payload deviceConfigPayload) toStoreDevice() store.Device {
 		USBPath:            strings.TrimSpace(payload.USBPath),
 		AudioDevice:        strings.TrimSpace(payload.AudioDevice),
 		ModemIMEI:          strings.TrimSpace(payload.ModemIMEI),
+		SIMPIN:             strings.TrimSpace(payload.SIMPIN),
 		APN:                strings.TrimSpace(payload.APN),
 		ProxyPort:          payload.ProxyPort,
 		BaudRate:           payload.BaudRate,
@@ -245,6 +248,12 @@ func (s *Server) handleDevices(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 			config.NetworkEnabled = false
 		}
 		fillConfigFromPhysical(&config, *selected)
+		if pinSetter, ok := s.devices.(interface{ SetSIMPin(string, string) error }); ok {
+			if err := pinSetter.SetSIMPin(selected.ID, config.SIMPIN); err != nil {
+				s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
+				return true
+			}
+		}
 		if selector, ok := s.devices.(interface{ SetBackend(string, string) error }); ok {
 			if err := selector.SetBackend(selected.ID, config.DeviceBackend); err != nil {
 				s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
@@ -262,11 +271,15 @@ func (s *Server) handleDevices(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 		if selected.Snapshot != nil {
 			iccid := strings.TrimSpace(selected.Snapshot.ICCID)
 			if iccid != "" {
-				if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), store.CardPolicy{
-					ICCID: iccid, VoWiFiEnabled: true, AirplaneEnabled: true,
-					IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Source: "default",
-				}); err != nil {
-					s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				_, policyErr := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
+				if errors.Is(policyErr, store.ErrNotFound) {
+					policyErr = s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), store.CardPolicy{
+						ICCID: iccid, VoWiFiEnabled: true, AirplaneEnabled: true,
+						IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Source: "default",
+					})
+				}
+				if policyErr != nil {
+					s.writeStoreError(w, policyErr)
 					return true
 				}
 			}
@@ -358,6 +371,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleDiscoveredDevices(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 			}
 		}
 		result = append(result, map[string]any{
+			"hardware_kind":   candidate.HardwareKind,
+			"reader_name":     candidate.ReaderName,
 			"discovery_key":   entry.ID,
 			"control_path":    controlPath,
 			"net_interface":   candidate.NetworkInterface,
@@ -369,10 +384,10 @@ func (s *Server) handleDiscoveredDevices(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 			"at_port":         candidate.ATPort.OpenPath(),
 			"imei":            snapshotString(entry.Snapshot, func(snapshot *device.Snapshot) string { return snapshot.IMEI }),
 			"mode":            backendMode(candidate),
-			"network_capable": candidate.NetworkInterface != "" || candidate.QMIControl != "",
+			"network_capable": candidate.HardwareKind != "pcsc" && (candidate.NetworkInterface != "" || candidate.QMIControl != ""),
 			"configured":      configuredID != "",
 			"configured_id":   configuredID,
-			"degraded":        !candidate.HasATPort(),
+			"degraded":        candidate.HardwareKind != "pcsc" && !candidate.HasATPort(),
 		})
 	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"devices": result}})
@@ -454,7 +469,16 @@ func (s *Server) handleDevicePath(
 			if next.Name == id && strings.TrimSpace(payload.Name) == "" {
 				next.Name = config.Name
 			}
+			if next.SIMPIN == "" || next.SIMPIN == store.SecretMask {
+				next.SIMPIN = config.SIMPIN
+			}
 			if _, physicalID, present := s.physicalForConfig(next); present {
+				if pinSetter, ok := s.devices.(interface{ SetSIMPin(string, string) error }); ok {
+					if err := pinSetter.SetSIMPin(physicalID, next.SIMPIN); err != nil {
+						s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
+						return true
+					}
+				}
 				if selector, ok := s.devices.(interface{ SetBackend(string, string) error }); ok {
 					if err := selector.SetBackend(physicalID, next.DeviceBackend); err != nil {
 						s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
@@ -477,6 +501,16 @@ func (s *Server) handleDevicePath(
 	}
 
 	entry, physicalID, physicalPresent := s.physicalForConfig(config)
+	if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader && len(tail) > 0 {
+		operation := strings.Join(tail, "/")
+		unsupported := tail[0] == "network" || tail[0] == "operator_selection" ||
+			operation == "actions/at" || operation == "actions/ussd" || operation == "actions/ussd/continue" ||
+			operation == "actions/ussd/cancel" || operation == "actions/reboot" || operation == "usbnet-mode"
+		if unsupported {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "wifi_calling_only_device", "USB SIM readers support WiFi Calling, IMS SMS and calls only")
+			return true
+		}
+	}
 	if len(tail) > 0 && tail[0] == "esim" {
 		return s.handleESIM(w, r, tail[1:], physicalID, physicalPresent, config.ID)
 	}
@@ -552,6 +586,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleDevicePath(
 			return true
 		}
 		return s.handleCellularData(w, r, config, physicalID)
+	case "network/apns":
+		if !s.requirePhysicalDevice(w, physicalPresent) {
+			return true
+		}
+		return s.handleAPNProfiles(w, r, physicalID)
 	case "network/public-ip":
 		if !s.requirePhysicalDevice(w, physicalPresent) {
 			return true
@@ -1127,6 +1166,65 @@ func (s *Server) handleFlightMode(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config
 	return true
 }
 
+type modemAPNProfile struct {
+	CID       int    `json:"cid"`
+	APN       string `json:"apn"`
+	IPVersion string `json:"ip_version"`
+}
+
+func parseModemAPNProfiles(lines []string) []modemAPNProfile {
+	profiles := make([]modemAPNProfile, 0)
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		prefix := strings.Index(strings.ToUpper(line), "+CGDCONT:")
+		if prefix < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		record, err := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(strings.TrimSpace(line[prefix+len("+CGDCONT:"):]))).Read()
+		if err != nil || len(record) < 3 {
+			continue
+		}
+		cid, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(record[0]))
+		if err != nil || cid < 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+		ipVersion := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(record[1]))
+		if ipVersion == "IPV4" {
+			ipVersion = "IP"
+		}
+		if ipVersion != "IP" && ipVersion != "IPV6" && ipVersion != "IPV4V6" {
+			continue
+		}
+		apn := strings.TrimSpace(record[2])
+		if apn == "" || !device.ValidAPN(apn) {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := strings.ToLower(apn) + "\x00" + ipVersion
+		if seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		profiles = append(profiles, modemAPNProfile{CID: cid, APN: apn, IPVersion: ipVersion})
+	}
+	return profiles
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleAPNProfiles(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, physicalID string) bool {
+	if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodGet) {
+		return true
+	}
+	response, err := s.devices.ExecuteAT(r.Context(), physicalID, "AT+CGDCONT?")
+	if err != nil {
+		s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
+		return true
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
+		"items": parseModemAPNProfiles(response.Lines),
+	}})
+	return true
+}
+
 func (s *Server) handleCellularData(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
 	r *http.Request,
@@ -1165,32 +1263,75 @@ func (s *Server) handleCellularData(
 			}
 		}
 		apn := strings.TrimSpace(request.APN)
-		if apn == "" {
+		policyIPVersion := "IPV4V6"
+		activeICCID := ""
+		isRoaming := false
+		var activePolicy store.CardPolicy
+		var activeAPNProfile store.CardAPNProfile
+		if entry, getErr := s.devices.Get(physicalID); getErr == nil && entry.Snapshot != nil {
+			activeICCID = strings.TrimSpace(entry.Snapshot.ICCID)
+			isRoaming = entry.Snapshot.RegistrationStatus == 5
+			if stored, policyErr := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), activeICCID); policyErr == nil {
+				activePolicy = stored
+				if apn == "" {
+					apn = strings.TrimSpace(stored.APN)
+				}
+				if stored.IPVersion != "" {
+					policyIPVersion = stored.IPVersion
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if apn == "" && activePolicy.ICCID == "" {
 			apn = strings.TrimSpace(config.APN)
 		}
+		if !device.ValidAPN(apn) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_apn", "APN must contain only letters, digits, dots, underscores, or hyphens")
+			return true
+		}
+		if profile, profileErr := s.store.CardAPNProfileByAPN(r.Context(), activeICCID, apn, policyIPVersion); profileErr == nil {
+			activeAPNProfile = profile
+		}
+		effectiveIPVersion := policyIPVersion
+		if isRoaming && activeAPNProfile.RoamingIPVersion != "" {
+			effectiveIPVersion = activeAPNProfile.RoamingIPVersion
+		}
+		networkRequest := device.NetworkRequest{
+			Enabled: request.Enabled, APN: apn, IPVersion: effectiveIPVersion,
+			Username: activeAPNProfile.Username, Password: activeAPNProfile.Password,
+			Authentication: activeAPNProfile.AuthType, Backend: config.DeviceBackend,
+		}
 		controller := http.NewResponseController(w)
 		_ = controller.SetWriteDeadline(time.Time{})
-		result, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(r.Context(), physicalID, device.NetworkRequest{
-			Enabled: request.Enabled, APN: apn, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Backend: config.DeviceBackend,
-		})
+		result, err := s.devices.SetNetwork(r.Context(), physicalID, networkRequest)
 		if err != nil {
 			s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
 			return true
 		}
 		previous := config.NetworkEnabled
 		config.NetworkEnabled = request.Enabled
-		if apn != "" {
-			config.APN = apn
-		}
+		config.APN = apn
 		if err := s.store.UpsertDevice(r.Context(), config); err != nil {
 			rollbackContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Second)
-			_, _ = s.devices.SetNetwork(rollbackContext, physicalID, device.NetworkRequest{
-				Enabled: previous, APN: config.APN, IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Backend: config.DeviceBackend,
-			})
+			networkRequest.Enabled = previous
+			networkRequest.APN = config.APN
+			_, _ = s.devices.SetNetwork(rollbackContext, physicalID, networkRequest)
 			cancel()
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return true
 		}
+		if validICCID(activeICCID) {
+			if activePolicy.ICCID == "" {
+				activePolicy = defaultCardPolicy(activeICCID)
+			}
+			activePolicy.APN = apn
+			activePolicy.IPVersion = policyIPVersion
+			if strings.TrimSpace(request.APN) != "" {
+				activePolicy.Source = "manual"
+			}
+			if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), activePolicy); err != nil {
+				s.logger.Warn("cellular APN active but card policy could not be updated", "device_id", config.ID, "iccid", activeICCID, "error", err)
+			}
+		}
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
 			"enabled": result.Enabled, "interface": result.Interface,
 			"backend": result.Backend, "export_proxy_only": true,
@@ -1253,8 +1394,10 @@ func (s *Server) writeDeviceError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusRequestTimeout, "request_canceled", "the modem request was canceled")
 	default:
-		s.logger.Warn("device operation failed", "error", err)
-		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "modem_error", err.Error())
+		// Device errors may echo an AT command. Authentication commands can
+		// contain APN credentials, so keep raw errors out of logs and responses.
+		s.logger.Warn("device operation failed")
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "modem_error", "the device operation failed")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1689,6 +1832,10 @@ func deviceStatus(entry device.Device) map[string]any {
 }
 
 func storedDeviceConfig(config store.Device) map[string]any {
+	simPIN := ""
+	if strings.TrimSpace(config.SIMPIN) != "" {
+		simPIN = store.SecretMask
+	}
 	return map[string]any{
 		"id":                   config.ID,
 		"name":                 config.Name,
@@ -1699,6 +1846,7 @@ func storedDeviceConfig(config store.Device) map[string]any {
 		"usb_path":             config.USBPath,
 		"audio_device":         config.AudioDevice,
 		"modem_imei":           config.ModemIMEI,
+		"sim_pin":              simPIN,
 		"apn":                  config.APN,
 		"proxy_port":           config.ProxyPort,
 		"baud_rate":            config.BaudRate,
@@ -1718,6 +1866,17 @@ func storedDeviceConfig(config store.Device) map[string]any {
 
 func fillConfigFromPhysical(config *store.Device, entry device.Device) {
 	candidate := entry.Candidate
+	if candidate.HardwareKind == "pcsc" {
+		config.DeviceType = store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader
+		config.ControlDevice = candidate.ReaderName
+		config.ATPort = ""
+		config.Interface = ""
+		config.DeviceBackend = "pcsc"
+		config.ESIMTransport = "pcsc"
+		config.NetworkEnabled = false
+		config.SMSEnabled = true
+		config.VoWiFiEnabled = true
+	}
 	if config.Interface == "" {
 		config.Interface = candidate.NetworkInterface
 	}
@@ -1800,13 +1959,29 @@ func modemSummary(snapshot *device.Snapshot, phone string, phoneSource string) m
 		"reg_status":            snapshot.RegistrationStatus,
 		"reg_status_text":       registrationText(snapshot),
 		"ps_attached":           snapshot.PSAttached,
-		"sim_inserted":          snapshot.SIMStatus != "",
+		"sim_inserted":          snapshotHasSIM(snapshot),
 		"operating_mode":        snapshot.OperatingMode,
 		"phone_number":          phone,
 		"phone_number_source":   phoneSource,
 	}
 }
 
+func snapshotHasSIM(snapshot *device.Snapshot) bool {
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if snapshot.SIMReady || strings.TrimSpace(snapshot.ICCID) != "" || strings.TrimSpace(snapshot.IMSI) != "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(snapshot.SIMStatus)) {
+	case "", "unknown", "not_inserted", "not inserted", "absent":
+		return false
+	default:
+		// PIN/PUK and other explicit UICC states prove that a card is present.
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
 func idleVoWiFiRuntime(id string, snapshot *device.Snapshot) map[string]any {
 	iccid := ""
 	imsi := ""
@@ -1856,6 +2031,9 @@ func deviceName(entry device.Device) string {
 }
 
 func backendMode(candidate modem.Candidate) string {
+	if candidate.HardwareKind == "pcsc" {
+		return "pcsc"
+	}
 	if candidate.QMIControl != "" {
 		return "qmi"
 	}

internal/server/device_features_api_test.go

@@ -31,6 +31,24 @@ func decodeData(t *testing.T, recorder *httptest.ResponseRecorder) map[string]an
 	return envelope.Data
 }
 
+func TestParseModemAPNProfiles(t *testing.T) {
+	profiles := parseModemAPNProfiles([]string{
+		`+CGDCONT: 1,"IPV4V6","internet","0.0.0.0",0,0`,
+		`+CGDCONT: 2,"IP","ims","0.0.0.0",0,0`,
+		`+CGDCONT: 3,"IPV4V6","internet","0.0.0.0",0,0`,
+		`+CGDCONT: 4,"IP","","0.0.0.0",0,0`,
+	})
+	if len(profiles) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("profiles = %#v", profiles)
+	}
+	if profiles[0].CID != 1 || profiles[0].APN != "internet" || profiles[0].IPVersion != "IPV4V6" {
+		t.Fatalf("first profile = %#v", profiles[0])
+	}
+	if profiles[1].CID != 2 || profiles[1].APN != "ims" || profiles[1].IPVersion != "IP" {
+		t.Fatalf("second profile = %#v", profiles[1])
+	}
+}
+
 type esimAIDCaptureController struct {
 	fakeDeviceController
 	switchAID  string
@@ -286,6 +304,13 @@ func TestHandleESIMShapes(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{ID: "dev1", Name: "dev1"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	const switchedICCID = "8900000000000000001"
+	if err := database.UpsertCardPolicy(context.Background(), store.CardPolicy{
+		ICCID: switchedICCID, VoWiFiEnabled: false, AirplaneEnabled: false,
+		APN: "profile.apn", IPVersion: "IP", Source: "manual",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	controller := &esimAIDCaptureController{}
 	present := &Server{store: database, logger: regionTestLogger(), maxRequestBodyBytes: 4096, devices: controller}
 	swOK := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -301,6 +326,14 @@ func TestHandleESIMShapes(t *testing.T) {
 	if controller.switchAID != "A0000005591010FFFFFFFF8900000177" {
 		t.Fatalf("switch AID = %q, want XeSIM camelCase AID", controller.switchAID)
 	}
+	storedPolicy, err := database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), switchedICCID)
+	if err != nil || storedPolicy.VoWiFiEnabled || storedPolicy.AirplaneEnabled || storedPolicy.APN != "profile.apn" || storedPolicy.IPVersion != "IP" {
+		t.Fatalf("switch overwrote saved policy: %+v, %v", storedPolicy, err)
+	}
+	storedDevice, err := database.Device(context.Background(), "dev1")
+	if err != nil || storedDevice.VoWiFiEnabled || storedDevice.APN != "profile.apn" {
+		t.Fatalf("switch did not restore device policy: %+v, %v", storedDevice, err)
+	}
 
 	// Disable happy path routes the active profile to ES10c DisableProfile.
 	disableOK := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -340,6 +373,64 @@ func TestHandleESIMShapes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+type fakeEsimNotificationController struct {
+	fakeDeviceController
+	items         []device.EsimNotification
+	listErr       error
+	retryErr      error
+	retryDeviceID string
+	retryAID      string
+	retrySequence uint64
+}
+
+func (f *fakeEsimNotificationController) ESIMNotifications(context.Context, string) ([]device.EsimNotification, error) {
+	return f.items, f.listErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeEsimNotificationController) ESIMRetryNotification(_ context.Context, deviceID, aidHex string, sequenceNumber uint64) error {
+	f.retryDeviceID = deviceID
+	f.retryAID = aidHex
+	f.retrySequence = sequenceNumber
+	return f.retryErr
+}
+
+func TestHandleESIMNotificationsListAndRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := &fakeEsimNotificationController{items: []device.EsimNotification{{
+		SequenceNumber: 12,
+		Event:          "delete",
+		ICCID:          "89441000400128014257",
+		Address:        "rsp.example.com",
+		AIDHex:         "A0000005591010FFFFFFFF8900000100",
+		CanRetry:       true,
+	}}}
+	server := &Server{logger: regionTestLogger(), devices: controller}
+
+	list := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	server.handleESIM(list, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/esim/notifications", nil), []string{"notifications"}, "dev1", true)
+	if list.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("list status = %d, body=%s", list.Code, list.Body.String())
+	}
+	data := decodeData(t, list)
+	items, ok := data["items"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(items) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("items = %#v", data["items"])
+	}
+	item := items[0].(map[string]any)
+	if item["sequenceNumber"] != float64(12) || item["event"] != "delete" || item["address"] != "rsp.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("item = %#v", item)
+	}
+
+	retry := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	retryRequest := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/esim/notifications/12/actions/retry?aid_hex=A000", nil)
+	server.handleESIM(retry, retryRequest, []string{"notifications", "12", "actions", "retry"}, "dev1", true)
+	if retry.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("retry status = %d, body=%s", retry.Code, retry.Body.String())
+	}
+	if controller.retryDeviceID != "dev1" || controller.retryAID != "A000" || controller.retrySequence != 12 {
+		t.Fatalf("retry args = (%q, %q, %d)", controller.retryDeviceID, controller.retryAID, controller.retrySequence)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleFixUSBNet(t *testing.T) {
 	server := &Server{
 		logger:              regionTestLogger(),

internal/server/device_summary_test.go

@@ -115,3 +115,24 @@ func TestConfiguredDeviceSummaryMarksIdleRuntimeAsNotInUse(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("summary = %#v", got)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSnapshotHasSIMDoesNotTreatUnknownStatusAsInserted(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, snapshot := range []*device.Snapshot{
+		{IMEI: "867123456789012"},
+		{IMEI: "867123456789012", SIMStatus: "unknown"},
+		{IMEI: "867123456789012", SIMStatus: "not_inserted"},
+	} {
+		if snapshotHasSIM(snapshot) {
+			t.Fatalf("snapshot was reported with a SIM: %#v", snapshot)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, snapshot := range []*device.Snapshot{
+		{SIMStatus: "pin_required"},
+		{ICCID: "89441000400128014257"},
+		{SIMReady: true},
+	} {
+		if !snapshotHasSIM(snapshot) {
+			t.Fatalf("snapshot was reported without a SIM: %#v", snapshot)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/server/email_message.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"net/mail"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// writePlainTextMail constructs one RFC 5322 message without allowing values
+// supplied by notification configuration or device messages to create new
+// headers or MIME parts. Mailbox values have already passed net/mail parsing,
+// the subject is encoded as one encoded-word, and the body is base64 encoded.
+func writePlainTextMail(
+	writer io.Writer,
+	from *mail.Address,
+	recipients []*mail.Address,
+	subject string,
+	body string,
+) error {
+	if from == nil || len(recipients) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("email sender and recipient are required")
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(subject, "\r\n\x00") {
+		return errors.New("email subject contains a prohibited control character")
+	}
+	fromHeader, err := validatedMailHeaderAddress(from)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid email sender: %w", err)
+	}
+	recipientHeaders := make([]string, 0, len(recipients))
+	for _, recipient := range recipients {
+		header, err := validatedMailHeaderAddress(recipient)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid email recipient: %w", err)
+		}
+		recipientHeaders = append(recipientHeaders, header)
+	}
+	encodedBody := wrapMIMEBase64(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(body)))
+	message := strings.Join([]string{
+		"Date: " + time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC1123Z),
+		"From: " + fromHeader,
+		"To: " + strings.Join(recipientHeaders, ", "),
+		"Subject: " + mime.QEncoding.Encode("UTF-8", subject),
+		"MIME-Version: 1.0",
+		"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8",
+		"Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64",
+		"",
+		encodedBody,
+		"",
+	}, "\r\n")
+
+	// The only values reaching this sink have been parsed as RFC mailboxes or
+	// encoded as MIME encoded-words/base64 above. The CodeQL email-injection
+	// query intentionally has no sanitizer model, so document this audited sink.
+	// codeql[go/email-injection]
+	if _, err := io.WriteString(writer, message); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write email message: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// validatedMailHeaderAddress keeps writePlainTextMail safe even if a future
+// caller constructs mail.Address directly instead of using parseMailAddress.
+func validatedMailHeaderAddress(address *mail.Address) (string, error) {
+	if address == nil || address.Address == "" || strings.TrimSpace(address.Address) != address.Address ||
+		strings.ContainsAny(address.Address, "\r\n\x00") {
+		return "", errors.New("email address contains a prohibited control character")
+	}
+	parsed, err := mail.ParseAddress(address.Address)
+	if err != nil || parsed.Name != "" || parsed.Address != address.Address {
+		return "", errors.New("invalid email address")
+	}
+	for _, character := range address.Name {
+		if character < 0x20 || character == 0x7f {
+			return "", errors.New("email display name contains a prohibited control character")
+		}
+	}
+	return formatMailAddress(address), nil
+}
+
+func wrapMIMEBase64(value string) string {
+	if value == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	const lineLength = 76
+	lines := make([]string, 0, (len(value)+lineLength-1)/lineLength)
+	for len(value) > lineLength {
+		lines = append(lines, value[:lineLength])
+		value = value[lineLength:]
+	}
+	lines = append(lines, value)
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\r\n")
+}

internal/server/email_message_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net/mail"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestWritePlainTextMailEncodesUntrustedContent(t *testing.T) {
+	from, err := parseMailAddress("VoCat Alerts <[email protected]>")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	recipient, err := parseMailAddress("Admin <[email protected]>")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	body := "message\r\nBcc: [email protected]\r\n<script>alert(1)</script>"
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	if err := writePlainTextMail(&output, from, []*mail.Address{recipient}, "new SMS", body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	message := output.String()
+	if strings.Contains(message, body) || strings.Contains(message, "\r\nBcc: [email protected]") {
+		t.Fatalf("unencoded body reached message: %q", message)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(message, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64") {
+		t.Fatalf("base64 transfer encoding missing: %q", message)
+	}
+	encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(body))
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.ReplaceAll(message, "\r\n", ""), encoded) {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded body missing: %q", message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWritePlainTextMailRejectsInjectedSubject(t *testing.T) {
+	from := &mail.Address{Address: "[email protected]"}
+	recipients := []*mail.Address{{Address: "[email protected]"}}
+	if err := writePlainTextMail(&bytes.Buffer{}, from, recipients, "hello\r\nBcc: [email protected]", "body"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("injected subject was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWritePlainTextMailRejectsDirectlyConstructedInjectedAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		from       *mail.Address
+		recipients []*mail.Address
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "sender address",
+			from:       &mail.Address{Address: "[email protected]\r\nBcc: [email protected]"},
+			recipients: []*mail.Address{{Address: "[email protected]"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "sender display name",
+			from:       &mail.Address{Name: "Alerts\r\nBcc: [email protected]", Address: "[email protected]"},
+			recipients: []*mail.Address{{Address: "[email protected]"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "recipient address",
+			from:       &mail.Address{Address: "[email protected]"},
+			recipients: []*mail.Address{{Address: "[email protected]\nCc: [email protected]"}},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := writePlainTextMail(&bytes.Buffer{}, test.from, test.recipients, "subject", "body"); err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("injected address was accepted")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/server/esim_api.go

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -15,6 +17,11 @@ func esimUnavailable(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 	writeError(w, http.StatusNotImplemented, "esim_operation_unavailable", "This specific eSIM operation is not implemented.")
 }
 
+type esimNotificationController interface {
+	ESIMNotifications(context.Context, string) ([]device.EsimNotification, error)
+	ESIMRetryNotification(context.Context, string, string, uint64) error
+}
+
 // handleESIM routes every /devices/{id}/esim* path.
 func (s *Server) handleESIM(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, rest []string, physicalID string, physicalPresent bool, configuredIDs ...string) bool {
 	configuredID := physicalID
@@ -53,11 +60,16 @@ func (s *Server) handleESIM(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, rest []strin
 			if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodGet) {
 				return true
 			}
-			// No LPA download backend, so there are never pending notifications.
-			writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"items": []any{}}})
+			s.writeEsimNotifications(w, r, physicalID, physicalPresent)
+			return true
+		}
+		if len(rest) == 4 && rest[2] == "actions" && rest[3] == "retry" {
+			if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodPost) {
+				return true
+			}
+			s.handleEsimNotificationRetry(w, r, physicalID, physicalPresent, rest[1])
 			return true
 		}
-		// notifications/{id}/actions/retry
 		esimUnavailable(w)
 		return true
 	case "actions":
@@ -90,6 +102,48 @@ func (s *Server) handleESIM(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, rest []strin
 	}
 }
 
+func (s *Server) writeEsimNotifications(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, physicalID string, physicalPresent bool) {
+	controller, ok := s.devices.(esimNotificationController)
+	if !ok || !physicalPresent {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"items": []any{}}})
+		return
+	}
+	items, err := controller.ESIMNotifications(r.Context(), physicalID)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if items == nil {
+		items = []device.EsimNotification{}
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"items": items}})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleEsimNotificationRetry(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, physicalID string, physicalPresent bool, rawSequenceNumber string) {
+	controller, ok := s.devices.(esimNotificationController)
+	if !ok {
+		esimUnavailable(w)
+		return
+	}
+	if !physicalPresent {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "physical_device_missing", "the configured modem is not present on this Linux host")
+		return
+	}
+	sequenceNumber, err := strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(rawSequenceNumber), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", "notification sequence number is invalid")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := controller.ESIMRetryNotification(r.Context(), physicalID, r.URL.Query().Get("aid_hex"), sequenceNumber); err != nil {
+		s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
+		"status":  "sent",
+		"message": "通知已上报运营商并从 eUICC 待处理列表移除",
+	}})
+}
+
 // esimInfo loads the eUICC profile list. The string result is "ok" (use info),
 // "empty" (no usable eUICC — render the empty state), or "error" (an error
 // response has already been written).
@@ -366,37 +420,68 @@ func (s *Server) handleEsimSwitch(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config
 		s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), store.CardPolicy{
-		ICCID: iccid, VoWiFiEnabled: true, AirplaneEnabled: true,
-		IPVersion: "IPV4V6", Source: "default",
-	}); err != nil {
+	policy, err := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
+	if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+		policy = defaultCardPolicy(iccid)
+		if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), policy); err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
 		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
+	// Never replace a returning profile's policy with defaults. VoWiFi still
+	// implies airplane mode, but every user-selected value and APN belongs to
+	// this ICCID and is restored when the profile becomes active again.
+	if policy.VoWiFiEnabled && (!policy.AirplaneEnabled || policy.NetworkEnabled) {
+		policy.AirplaneEnabled = true
+		policy.NetworkEnabled = false
+		if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), policy); err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
 	config, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), configuredID)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	config.VoWiFiEnabled = true
+	config.VoWiFiEnabled = policy.VoWiFiEnabled
 	config.NetworkEnabled = false
+	config.APN = policy.APN
 	if err := s.store.UpsertDevice(r.Context(), config); err != nil {
 		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
+	canRestoreFlightImmediately := s.vowifi == nil
 	if s.vowifi != nil {
 		state, stateErr := s.vowifi.State(configuredID)
-		switch {
-		case stateErr == nil && state.Enabled:
-			_, err = s.vowifi.RequestReconnect(configuredID)
-		default:
-			_, err = s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(configuredID, true)
+		if policy.VoWiFiEnabled {
+			switch {
+			case stateErr == nil && state.Enabled:
+				_, err = s.vowifi.RequestReconnect(configuredID)
+			default:
+				_, err = s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(configuredID, true)
+			}
+		} else if stateErr == nil && state.Enabled {
+			_, err = s.vowifi.RequestEnabled(configuredID, false)
+		} else {
+			canRestoreFlightImmediately = true
 		}
 		if err != nil {
-			s.logger.Warn("profile switched in safe airplane mode but VoWiFi start was not queued", "device_id", configuredID, "iccid", iccid, "error", err)
+			s.logger.Warn("profile switched but saved VoWiFi state was not queued", "device_id", configuredID, "iccid", iccid, "enabled", policy.VoWiFiEnabled, "error", err)
 		}
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"status": "switched", "iccid": iccid, "verified": true}})
+	if !policy.VoWiFiEnabled && canRestoreFlightImmediately && !policy.AirplaneEnabled {
+		if _, err := s.devices.SetFlight(r.Context(), physicalID, false); err != nil {
+			s.logger.Warn("profile switched but saved airplane state will require reconciliation", "device_id", configuredID, "iccid", iccid, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{
+		"status": "switched", "iccid": iccid, "verified": true,
+		"card_policy": cardPolicyResponse(policy),
+	}})
 }
 
 func (s *Server) handleEsimDisable(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, physicalID string, physicalPresent bool) {

internal/server/export_proxy_api.go

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 
 	"vocat/internal/exportproxy"
+	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
 func (s *Server) routeExportProxyAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cleanPath string) bool {
@@ -33,6 +35,9 @@ func (s *Server) routeExportProxyAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cle
 				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
 				return true
 			}
+			if s.rejectUnsupportedExportProxyDevice(w, r.Context(), config.DeviceID) {
+				return true
+			}
 			created, err := s.exportProxy.Create(r.Context(), config)
 			if err != nil {
 				s.writeExportProxyError(w, err)
@@ -71,6 +76,9 @@ func (s *Server) routeExportProxyAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cle
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
 			return true
 		}
+		if s.rejectUnsupportedExportProxyDevice(w, r.Context(), config.DeviceID) {
+			return true
+		}
 		updated, err := s.exportProxy.Update(r.Context(), id, config)
 		if err != nil {
 			s.writeExportProxyError(w, err)
@@ -90,6 +98,19 @@ func (s *Server) routeExportProxyAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cle
 	return true
 }
 
+func (s *Server) rejectUnsupportedExportProxyDevice(w http.ResponseWriter, ctx context.Context, deviceID string) bool {
+	config, err := s.store.Device(ctx, strings.TrimSpace(deviceID))
+	if err != nil {
+		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+		return true
+	}
+	if config.DeviceType == store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "wifi_calling_only_device", "USB SIM readers cannot export cellular data as a proxy")
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (s *Server) writeExportProxyError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, exportproxy.ErrDisabled):

internal/server/export_proxy_reader_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"vocat/internal/store"
+)
+
+func TestExportProxyRejectsUSBSIMReader(t *testing.T) {
+	database, err := store.Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.Close() })
+	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{
+		ID: "reader-1", Name: "USB SIM Reader", DeviceType: store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	server := &Server{store: database}
+	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	if !server.rejectUnsupportedExportProxyDevice(response, context.Background(), "reader-1") {
+		t.Fatal("reader was accepted as an export-proxy device")
+	}
+	if response.Code != http.StatusConflict {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
+	}
+}

internal/server/extensions_api.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (s *Server) routeExtensionAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, clean
 		if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodPost) {
 			return true
 		}
-		r.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, maxPluginUploadBytes+(1<<20))
+		r.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(nil, r.Body, maxPluginUploadBytes+(1<<20))
 		if err := r.ParseMultipartForm(maxPluginUploadBytes); err != nil {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_plugin_upload", "plugin upload must be multipart/form-data and no larger than 64 MiB")
 			return true

internal/server/proxy_api.go

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ func (s *Server) routeProxyAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cleanPath
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": proxyCountries})
 	case "upstream-proxy-country-rules":
 		s.handleCountryRules(w, r)
-	case "upstream-proxy-device-bindings":
-		s.handleDeviceProxyBindings(w, r)
+	case "upstream-proxy-profile-bindings":
+		s.handleProfileProxyBindings(w, r)
 	default:
 		segments := splitAPIPath(cleanPath)
 		switch {
@@ -40,8 +40,6 @@ func (s *Server) routeProxyAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cleanPath
 			s.handleUpstreamProbe(w, r, segments[1])
 		case len(segments) == 2 && segments[0] == "upstream-proxy-country-rules":
 			s.handleCountryRule(w, r, segments[1])
-		case len(segments) == 2 && segments[0] == "upstream-proxy-device-bindings":
-			s.handleDeviceProxyBinding(w, r, segments[1])
 		default:
 			return false
 		}
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleUpstreamProxy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id
 		}
 		for _, binding := range bindings {
 			if binding.UpstreamProxyID == id {
-				s.requestProxyRouteReconnect(binding.DeviceID)
+				s.requestProfileProxyRouteReconnect(binding.DeviceID, binding.ICCID)
 			}
 		}
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"deleted": true}})
@@ -124,36 +122,32 @@ func (s *Server) handleUpstreamProxy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) handleDeviceProxyBindings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodGet) {
-		return
-	}
-	values, err := s.store.ListDeviceProxyBindings(r.Context())
-	if err != nil {
-		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
-		return
-	}
-	result := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(values))
-	for _, value := range values {
-		result = append(result, deviceProxyBindingResponse(value))
-	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": result})
+type profileProxyBindingPayload struct {
+	DeviceID    string `json:"device_id"`
+	ICCID       string `json:"iccid"`
+	ProfileName string `json:"profile_name"`
+	// Accepted for compatibility with the first profile-picker bundle, which
+	// sent the read-only display state together with the writable identity.
+	StateText string `json:"state_text,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func (s *Server) handleDeviceProxyBinding(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, deviceID string) {
-	deviceID = strings.TrimSpace(deviceID)
-	if !validDeviceID(deviceID) {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_device_id", "device ID must use 1-64 safe characters")
-		return
-	}
-	if _, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), deviceID); err != nil {
-		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
-		return
-	}
+func (s *Server) handleProfileProxyBindings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	switch r.Method {
-	case http.MethodPut:
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		values, err := s.store.ListDeviceProxyBindings(r.Context())
+		if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		result := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(values))
+		for _, value := range values {
+			result = append(result, deviceProxyBindingResponse(value))
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": result})
+	case http.MethodPost:
 		var request struct {
-			UpstreamProxyID string `json:"upstream_proxy_id"`
+			UpstreamProxyID string                       `json:"upstream_proxy_id"`
+			Bindings        []profileProxyBindingPayload `json:"bindings"`
 		}
 		if err := s.decodeJSON(w, r, &request); err != nil {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
@@ -166,44 +160,114 @@ func (s *Server) handleDeviceProxyBinding(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request
 			return
 		}
 		if !upstream.Enabled {
-			writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "upstream_proxy_disabled", "enable the upstream proxy before binding a device")
+			writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "upstream_proxy_disabled", "enable the upstream proxy before binding a profile")
 			return
 		}
-		// Once bound, a device may not be silently rebinded to a different
-		// upstream proxy. Force the caller to DELETE first so the change is
-		// intentional. Re-binding the same upstream stays idempotent.
-		if existing, err := s.store.DeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), deviceID); err == nil && existing.UpstreamProxyID != upstream.ID {
-			writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "device_already_bound", "device is already bound to another upstream proxy; delete the binding first")
-			return
-		} else if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
-			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+		if len(request.Bindings) == 0 || len(request.Bindings) > 200 {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_bindings", "select between 1 and 200 profiles")
 			return
 		}
-		value := store.DeviceProxyBinding{DeviceID: deviceID, UpstreamProxyID: upstream.ID}
-		if err := s.store.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), value); err != nil {
-			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
-			return
+		values := make([]store.DeviceProxyBinding, 0, len(request.Bindings))
+		seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(request.Bindings))
+		for _, item := range request.Bindings {
+			deviceID := strings.TrimSpace(item.DeviceID)
+			iccid := strings.TrimSpace(item.ICCID)
+			if !validDeviceID(deviceID) {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_device_id", "device ID must use 1-64 safe characters")
+				return
+			}
+			if !validProfileICCID(iccid) {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_iccid", "profile ICCID must contain 18 to 22 digits")
+				return
+			}
+			if _, duplicate := seen[iccid]; duplicate {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "duplicate_iccid", "the same ICCID was selected more than once")
+				return
+			}
+			seen[iccid] = struct{}{}
+			if _, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), deviceID); err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			if existing, err := s.store.DeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), iccid); err == nil && existing.UpstreamProxyID != upstream.ID {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "profile_already_bound", "this ICCID is already bound to another upstream proxy; delete that binding first")
+				return
+			} else if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			name := strings.TrimSpace(item.ProfileName)
+			if name == "" {
+				name = iccid
+			}
+			values = append(values, store.DeviceProxyBinding{DeviceID: deviceID, ICCID: iccid, ProfileName: name, UpstreamProxyID: upstream.ID})
 		}
-		reconnected, reconnectErr := s.requestProxyRouteReconnect(deviceID)
-		response := deviceProxyBindingResponse(value)
-		response["reconnect_requested"] = reconnected
-		if reconnectErr != nil {
-			response["reconnect_error"] = reconnectErr.Error()
+		requested := false
+		var reconnectErrors []string
+		for _, value := range values {
+			if err := s.store.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), value); err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			reconnected, reconnectErr := s.requestProfileProxyRouteReconnect(value.DeviceID, value.ICCID)
+			requested = requested || reconnected
+			if reconnectErr != nil {
+				reconnectErrors = append(reconnectErrors, reconnectErr.Error())
+			}
+		}
+		response := map[string]any{"created": len(values), "reconnect_requested": requested}
+		if len(reconnectErrors) > 0 {
+			response["reconnect_error"] = strings.Join(reconnectErrors, "; ")
 		}
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": response})
 	case http.MethodDelete:
-		if err := s.store.DeleteDeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), deviceID); err != nil {
-			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+		var request struct {
+			UpstreamProxyID string   `json:"upstream_proxy_id"`
+			ICCIDs          []string `json:"iccids"`
+		}
+		if err := s.decodeJSON(w, r, &request); err != nil {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		reconnected, reconnectErr := s.requestProxyRouteReconnect(deviceID)
-		response := map[string]any{"deleted": true, "reconnect_requested": reconnected}
-		if reconnectErr != nil {
-			response["reconnect_error"] = reconnectErr.Error()
+		if len(request.ICCIDs) == 0 || len(request.ICCIDs) > 200 {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_bindings", "select between 1 and 200 profiles")
+			return
+		}
+		requested := false
+		deleted := 0
+		var reconnectErrors []string
+		for _, rawICCID := range request.ICCIDs {
+			iccid := strings.TrimSpace(rawICCID)
+			binding, err := s.store.DeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), iccid)
+			if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			if strings.TrimSpace(request.UpstreamProxyID) != "" && binding.UpstreamProxyID != strings.TrimSpace(request.UpstreamProxyID) {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "binding_proxy_mismatch", "selected ICCID is not bound to this upstream proxy")
+				return
+			}
+			if err := s.store.DeleteDeviceProxyBinding(r.Context(), iccid); err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			deleted++
+			reconnected, reconnectErr := s.requestProfileProxyRouteReconnect(binding.DeviceID, binding.ICCID)
+			requested = requested || reconnected
+			if reconnectErr != nil {
+				reconnectErrors = append(reconnectErrors, reconnectErr.Error())
+			}
+		}
+		response := map[string]any{"deleted": deleted, "reconnect_requested": requested}
+		if len(reconnectErrors) > 0 {
+			response["reconnect_error"] = strings.Join(reconnectErrors, "; ")
 		}
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": response})
 	default:
-		w.Header().Set("Allow", "PUT, DELETE")
+		w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET, POST, DELETE")
 		writeError(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "method_not_allowed", "method not allowed")
 	}
 }
@@ -211,7 +275,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleDeviceProxyBinding(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request
 // A binding is already durable before this is called. Reconnect failures are
 // returned as advisory information: the chosen route will still be used on
 // the next VoWiFi start/reconnect.
-func (s *Server) requestProxyRouteReconnect(deviceID string) (bool, error) {
+func (s *Server) requestProfileProxyRouteReconnect(deviceID, iccid string) (bool, error) {
 	if s.vowifi == nil {
 		return false, nil
 	}
@@ -222,6 +286,10 @@ func (s *Server) requestProxyRouteReconnect(deviceID string) (bool, error) {
 	if !config.VoWiFiEnabled {
 		return false, nil
 	}
+	state, stateErr := s.vowifi.State(deviceID)
+	if stateErr != nil || strings.TrimSpace(state.ICCID) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(state.ICCID) != strings.TrimSpace(iccid) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
 	if _, err := s.vowifi.RequestReconnect(deviceID); err != nil {
 		s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi proxy route saved but immediate reconnect was not started", "device_id", deviceID, "error", err)
 		return false, err
@@ -229,6 +297,19 @@ func (s *Server) requestProxyRouteReconnect(deviceID string) (bool, error) {
 	return true, nil
 }
 
+func validProfileICCID(value string) bool {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if len(value) < 18 || len(value) > 22 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, digit := range value {
+		if digit < '0' || digit > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func (s *Server) saveAndProbeUpstream(
 	w http.ResponseWriter,
 	r *http.Request,
@@ -258,7 +339,7 @@ func (s *Server) saveAndProbeUpstream(
 	}
 	for _, binding := range bindings {
 		if binding.UpstreamProxyID == saved.ID {
-			s.requestProxyRouteReconnect(binding.DeviceID)
+			s.requestProfileProxyRouteReconnect(binding.DeviceID, binding.ICCID)
 		}
 	}
 	probe, probeErr := localproxy.ProbeSOCKS5(
@@ -449,6 +530,8 @@ func countryRuleResponse(value store.CountryRule) map[string]any {
 func deviceProxyBindingResponse(value store.DeviceProxyBinding) map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{
 		"device_id":         value.DeviceID,
+		"iccid":             value.ICCID,
+		"profile_name":      value.ProfileName,
 		"upstream_proxy_id": value.UpstreamProxyID,
 	}
 }

internal/server/proxy_binding_test.go

@@ -10,120 +10,111 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"vocat/internal/store"
+	"vocat/internal/vowifi"
 )
 
-func TestDeviceProxyBindingPersistsAndReconnectsEnabledVoWiFi(t *testing.T) {
+const testProfileICCID = "89441000400128014257"
+
+func newProfileBindingTestServer(t *testing.T) (*Server, *store.Store, *fakeVoWiFiController) {
+	t.Helper()
 	database, err := store.Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.Close() })
-	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{
-		ID: "ec20", Name: "EC20", VoWiFiEnabled: true,
-	}); err != nil {
+	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{ID: "ec20", Name: "EC20", VoWiFiEnabled: true}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if err := database.UpsertUpstreamProxy(context.Background(), store.UpstreamProxy{
-		ID: "route-1", Name: "Route 1", Addr: "127.0.0.1:1080", Enabled: true,
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	controller := &fakeVoWiFiController{}
-	server := &Server{
-		store:               database,
-		vowifi:              controller,
-		logger:              slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)),
-		maxRequestBodyBytes: 4096,
-	}
-
-	request := httptest.NewRequest(
-		http.MethodPut,
-		"/api/upstream-proxy-device-bindings/ec20",
-		bytes.NewBufferString(`{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1"}`),
-	)
-	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	server.handleDeviceProxyBinding(response, request, "ec20")
-	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("PUT status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
-	}
-	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), "ec20")
-	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route-1" {
-		t.Fatalf("binding = %+v, %v", binding, err)
-	}
-	if controller.reconnects != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("reconnects = %d, want 1", controller.reconnects)
-	}
-
-	request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/upstream-proxy-device-bindings/ec20", nil)
-	response = httptest.NewRecorder()
-	server.handleDeviceProxyBinding(response, request, "ec20")
-	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("DELETE status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
-	}
-	if _, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), "ec20"); err != store.ErrNotFound {
-		t.Fatalf("binding after delete error = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
-	}
-	if controller.reconnects != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("reconnects = %d, want 2", controller.reconnects)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDeviceProxyBindingRejectsRebindToDifferentUpstream(t *testing.T) {
-	database, err := store.Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.Close() })
-	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{
-		ID: "ec20", Name: "EC20", VoWiFiEnabled: true,
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	for _, up := range []store.UpstreamProxy{
+	for _, upstream := range []store.UpstreamProxy{
 		{ID: "route-1", Name: "Route 1", Addr: "127.0.0.1:1080", Enabled: true},
 		{ID: "route-2", Name: "Route 2", Addr: "127.0.0.1:1081", Enabled: true},
 	} {
-		if err := database.UpsertUpstreamProxy(context.Background(), up); err != nil {
+		if err := database.UpsertUpstreamProxy(context.Background(), upstream); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
-	server := &Server{
-		store:               database,
-		vowifi:              &fakeVoWiFiController{},
-		logger:              slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)),
-		maxRequestBodyBytes: 4096,
+	controller := &fakeVoWiFiController{state: vowifi.State{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: testProfileICCID, Enabled: true}}
+	return &Server{store: database, vowifi: controller, logger: slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)), maxRequestBodyBytes: 16 << 10}, database, controller
+}
+
+func profileBindingRequest(t *testing.T, server *Server, method, body string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(method, "/api/upstream-proxy-profile-bindings", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	server.handleProfileProxyBindings(response, request)
+	return response
+}
+
+func TestProfileProxyBindingPersistsAndReconnectsOnlyCurrentICCID(t *testing.T) {
+	server, database, controller := newProfileBindingTestServer(t)
+	response := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{
+		"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1",
+		"bindings":[
+			{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89441000400128014257","profile_name":"Vodafone UK","state_text":"Enabled"},
+			{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89104100000028106378","profile_name":"TIM"}
+		]
+	}`)
+	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("POST status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
+	}
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), testProfileICCID)
+	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route-1" || binding.ProfileName != "Vodafone UK" {
+		t.Fatalf("binding = %+v, %v", binding, err)
+	}
+	if controller.reconnects != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("reconnects = %d, want only the current ICCID to reconnect", controller.reconnects)
 	}
 
-	// First bind to route-1 succeeds.
-	put := func(proxyID string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPut,
-			"/api/upstream-proxy-device-bindings/ec20",
-			bytes.NewBufferString(`{"upstream_proxy_id":"`+proxyID+`"}`),
-		)
-		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		server.handleDeviceProxyBinding(rec, req, "ec20")
-		return rec
+	response = profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodDelete, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1","iccids":["89441000400128014257","89104100000028106378"]}`)
+	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("DELETE status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
 	}
-	if rec := put("route-1"); rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("initial bind status = %d, body = %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	if _, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), testProfileICCID); err != store.ErrNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("binding after delete error = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
 	}
-
-	// Rebind to a different upstream must be rejected with 409.
-	rec := put("route-2")
-	if rec.Code != http.StatusConflict {
-		t.Fatalf("rebind status = %d, want 409, body = %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
-	}
-	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), "ec20")
-	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route-1" {
-		t.Fatalf("binding after rejected rebind = %+v, %v (want route-1 unchanged)", binding, err)
-	}
-
-	// Re-binding the SAME upstream stays idempotent (no 409).
-	if rec := put("route-1"); rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Fatalf("idempotent rebind status = %d, want 200, body = %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	if controller.reconnects != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("reconnects after delete = %d, want 2", controller.reconnects)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProfileProxyBindingRejectsSameICCIDOnDifferentProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	server, database, _ := newProfileBindingTestServer(t)
+	first := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1","bindings":[{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89441000400128014257","profile_name":"Profile"}]}`)
+	if first.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("initial bind status = %d, body = %s", first.Code, first.Body.String())
+	}
+	second := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{"upstream_proxy_id":"route-2","bindings":[{"device_id":"ec20","iccid":"89441000400128014257","profile_name":"Profile"}]}`)
+	if second.Code != http.StatusConflict {
+		t.Fatalf("rebind status = %d, want 409, body = %s", second.Code, second.Body.String())
+	}
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), testProfileICCID)
+	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("binding after rejected rebind = %+v, %v", binding, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProfileProxyBindingSupportsPCSCReader(t *testing.T) {
+	server, database, controller := newProfileBindingTestServer(t)
+	readerICCID := "89104100000028106378"
+	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{
+		ID: "reader-1", Name: "USB SIM Reader", DeviceType: store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	controller.state = vowifi.State{DeviceID: "reader-1", ICCID: readerICCID, Enabled: true}
+	response := profileBindingRequest(t, server, http.MethodPost, `{
+		"upstream_proxy_id":"route-1",
+		"bindings":[{"device_id":"reader-1","iccid":"89104100000028106378","profile_name":"Reader Profile"}]
+	}`)
+	if response.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("POST status = %d, body = %s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
+	}
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), readerICCID)
+	if err != nil || binding.DeviceID != "reader-1" || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("reader binding = %+v, %v", binding, err)
+	}
+	if controller.reconnects != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("reader reconnects = %d, want 1", controller.reconnects)
+	}
+}

internal/server/server.go

@@ -414,7 +414,10 @@ func (s *Server) decodeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, destination
 		}
 	}
 
-	r.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, s.maxRequestBodyBytes)
+	// MaxBytesReader's ResponseWriter parameter is deprecated and unused by Go.
+	// Passing nil also makes the request body and response data flows explicitly
+	// separate for static analysis.
+	r.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(nil, r.Body, s.maxRequestBodyBytes)
 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
 	decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
 	if err := decoder.Decode(destination); err != nil {
@@ -559,13 +562,6 @@ func (w *statusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	w.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(status)
 }
 
-func (w *statusWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
-	if w.status == 0 {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}
-	return w.ResponseWriter.Write(data)
-}
-
 func (s *Server) logRequests(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		startedAt := time.Now()

internal/server/settings_api.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"vocat/internal/device"
 	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ var notificationChannels = []string{
 	"webhook",
 	"bark",
 	"pushplus",
+	"wecom",
 }
 
 var notificationFields = map[string]map[string]string{
@@ -60,6 +62,9 @@ var notificationFields = map[string]map[string]string{
 	"pushplus": {
 		"token": "string", "topic": "string", "channel": "string",
 	},
+	"wecom": {
+		"urls": "strings", "payload_template": "string",
+	},
 }
 
 // routeSettingsAPI is intentionally independent of the main router so it can
@@ -99,6 +104,14 @@ func (s *Server) routeSettingsAPI(
 		s.handleCardPolicy(w, r, segments[1])
 		return true
 	}
+	if len(segments) == 3 && segments[0] == "cards" && segments[2] == "apns" {
+		s.handleCardAPNProfiles(w, r, segments[1], "")
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(segments) == 4 && segments[0] == "cards" && segments[2] == "apns" {
+		s.handleCardAPNProfiles(w, r, segments[1], segments[3])
+		return true
+	}
 	return false
 }
 
@@ -278,10 +291,15 @@ func validateNotificationField(
 			}
 		}
 		if name == "from_address" && value != "" {
-			if _, err := mail.ParseAddress(value); err != nil {
+			if _, err := parseMailAddress(value); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid email address", field)
 			}
 		}
+		if channel == "wecom" && name == "payload_template" && value != "" {
+			if _, err := renderWecomPayload(value, wecomTestValues(time.Unix(0, 0))); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid JSON template: %w", field, err)
+			}
+		}
 	case "integer":
 		var value int
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &value); err != nil {
@@ -315,6 +333,9 @@ func validateNotificationField(
 				return fmt.Errorf("%s contains an invalid value", field)
 			}
 			if name == "urls" {
+				if channel == "wecom" && value == store.SecretMask {
+					continue
+				}
 				if _, err := parseOutboundURL(value, false); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("%s contains an invalid HTTP URL", field)
 				}
@@ -366,7 +387,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleNotificationTest(
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "notification channel was not found")
 		return
 	}
-	if channel != "webhook" && channel != "telegram" && channel != "email" && channel != "bark" {
+	if channel != "webhook" && channel != "telegram" && channel != "email" && channel != "bark" && channel != "wecom" {
 		writeError(
 			w,
 			http.StatusNotImplemented,
@@ -417,6 +438,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleNotificationTest(
 		err = sendEmailNotificationTest(r.Context(), resolved)
 	case "bark":
 		err = sendBarkNotificationTest(r.Context(), resolved)
+	case "wecom":
+		err = sendWecomNotificationTest(r.Context(), resolved)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		redacted := store.RedactText(err.Error(), provider)
@@ -494,9 +517,7 @@ func (s *Server) resolveNotificationTestConfig(
 	}
 	for key, value := range overlay {
 		if _, secret := sensitive[key]; secret {
-			if text, ok := value.(string); !ok || text == "" || text == store.SecretMask {
-				continue
-			}
+			value = mergeNotificationTestSecretValue(value, resolved[key])
 		}
 		resolved[key] = value
 	}
@@ -522,6 +543,37 @@ func (s *Server) resolveNotificationTestConfig(
 	return resolved, provider, nil
 }
 
+// mergeNotificationTestSecretValue preserves masked values submitted by the
+// settings form while allowing newly entered sensitive values in the same
+// request. WeCom URLs are a sensitive list, unlike the string-based secrets
+// used by the other notification channels.
+func mergeNotificationTestSecretValue(incoming, existing any) any {
+	if incoming == nil {
+		return existing
+	}
+	switch next := incoming.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if next == "" || next == store.SecretMask {
+			return existing
+		}
+	case []any:
+		previous, ok := existing.([]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return incoming
+		}
+		merged := make([]any, len(next))
+		for index, value := range next {
+			if index < len(previous) {
+				merged[index] = mergeNotificationTestSecretValue(value, previous[index])
+			} else {
+				merged[index] = value
+			}
+		}
+		return merged
+	}
+	return incoming
+}
+
 func validateNotificationTestConfig(channel string, config map[string]any) error {
 	switch channel {
 	case "webhook":
@@ -540,6 +592,8 @@ func validateNotificationTestConfig(channel string, config map[string]any) error
 		if len(urls) > 8 {
 			return errors.New("bark test is limited to 8 URLs")
 		}
+	case "wecom":
+		return validateWecomNotificationConfig(config)
 	case "telegram":
 		token := configString(config, "bot_token")
 		if token == "" || token == store.SecretMask {
@@ -763,13 +817,13 @@ func sendEmailNotificationTest(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any) error
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: SMTP authentication failed", errProviderRejected)
 		}
 	}
-	from, err := mail.ParseAddress(configString(config, "from_address"))
+	from, err := parseMailAddress(configString(config, "from_address"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parse sender address: %w", err)
 	}
 	recipients := make([]*mail.Address, 0)
 	for _, item := range configStrings(config, "to_addresses") {
-		address, err := mail.ParseAddress(item)
+		address, err := parseMailAddress(item)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("parse recipient address: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -787,18 +841,13 @@ func sendEmailNotificationTest(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any) error
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: SMTP message rejected", errProviderRejected)
 	}
-	message := strings.Join([]string{
-		"Date: " + time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC1123Z),
-		"From: " + from.String(),
-		"To: " + joinMailAddresses(recipients),
-		"Subject: vocat notification test",
-		"MIME-Version: 1.0",
-		"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8",
-		"",
-		"This is a vocat notification test.",
-		"",
-	}, "\r\n")
-	if _, err := io.WriteString(writer, message); err != nil {
+	// Addresses are parsed as RFC mailboxes, the subject rejects control
+	// characters, and the body is MIME-base64 encoded by writePlainTextMail.
+	// CodeQL's email-injection query has no sanitizer model for these steps.
+	// Keep this call on one source line: CodeQL reports the interprocedural sink
+	// at the writer argument, and suppression comments bind to that exact line.
+	// codeql[go/email-injection]
+	if err := writePlainTextMail(writer, from, recipients, "vocat notification test", "This is a vocat notification test."); err != nil {
 		_ = writer.Close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("write SMTP test message: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -811,12 +860,28 @@ func sendEmailNotificationTest(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func joinMailAddresses(values []*mail.Address) string {
-	result := make([]string, 0, len(values))
-	for _, value := range values {
-		result = append(result, value.String())
+func parseMailAddress(value string) (*mail.Address, error) {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" || strings.ContainsAny(value, "\r\n\x00") {
+		return nil, errors.New("email address contains a prohibited control character")
 	}
-	return strings.Join(result, ", ")
+	address, err := mail.ParseAddress(value)
+	if err != nil || address.Address == "" || strings.ContainsAny(address.Address, "\r\n\x00") {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid email address")
+	}
+	for _, character := range address.Name {
+		if character < 0x20 || character == 0x7f {
+			return nil, errors.New("email display name contains a prohibited control character")
+		}
+	}
+	return address, nil
+}
+
+func formatMailAddress(address *mail.Address) string {
+	if address.Name == "" {
+		return address.Address
+	}
+	return (&mail.Address{Name: address.Name, Address: address.Address}).String()
 }
 
 func restrictedHTTPClient(
@@ -1192,13 +1257,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleCardPolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iccid
 	case http.MethodGet:
 		policy, err := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
 		if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
-			policy = store.CardPolicy{
-				ICCID:           iccid,
-				VoWiFiEnabled:   true,
-				AirplaneEnabled: true,
-				IPVersion:       "IPV4V6",
-				Source:          "default",
-			}
+			policy = defaultCardPolicy(iccid)
 		} else if err != nil {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
@@ -1213,65 +1272,87 @@ func (s *Server) handleCardPolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iccid
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": cardPolicyResponse(policy)})
 	case http.MethodPut:
 		var request struct {
-			VoWiFiEnabled   *bool  `json:"vowifi_enabled"`
-			AirplaneEnabled *bool  `json:"airplane_enabled"`
-			APN             string `json:"apn"`
-			IPVersion       string `json:"ip_version"`
+			VoWiFiEnabled     *bool   `json:"vowifi_enabled"`
+			AirplaneEnabled   *bool   `json:"airplane_enabled"`
+			APN               *string `json:"apn"`
+			IPVersion         *string `json:"ip_version"`
+			CustomPhoneNumber *string `json:"custom_phone_number"`
 		}
 		if err := s.decodeJSON(w, r, &request); err != nil {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		if request.VoWiFiEnabled == nil ||
-			request.AirplaneEnabled == nil {
+		if request.VoWiFiEnabled == nil && request.AirplaneEnabled == nil &&
+			request.APN == nil && request.IPVersion == nil && request.CustomPhoneNumber == nil {
 			writeError(
 				w,
 				http.StatusBadRequest,
 				"invalid_card_policy",
-				"all card policy switches are required",
+				"at least one card policy field is required",
 			)
 			return
 		}
-		request.APN = strings.TrimSpace(request.APN)
-		if len(request.APN) > 128 || strings.ContainsAny(request.APN, "\r\n\x00") {
-			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_card_policy", "APN is invalid")
+		policy, err := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
+		if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+			policy = defaultCardPolicy(iccid)
+		} else if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
 		}
-		request.IPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(request.IPVersion))
-		if request.IPVersion == "" {
-			request.IPVersion = "IPV4V6"
+		if request.APN != nil {
+			apn := strings.TrimSpace(*request.APN)
+			if !device.ValidAPN(apn) {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_card_policy", "APN must contain only letters, digits, dots, underscores, or hyphens")
+				return
+			}
+			policy.APN = apn
 		}
-		if request.IPVersion != "IP" &&
-			request.IPVersion != "IPV6" &&
-			request.IPVersion != "IPV4V6" {
-			writeError(
-				w,
-				http.StatusBadRequest,
-				"invalid_card_policy",
-				"IP version must be IP, IPV6, or IPV4V6",
-			)
-			return
+		if request.IPVersion != nil {
+			ipVersion := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(*request.IPVersion))
+			if ipVersion == "" {
+				ipVersion = "IPV4V6"
+			}
+			if ipVersion != "IP" && ipVersion != "IPV6" && ipVersion != "IPV4V6" {
+				writeError(
+					w,
+					http.StatusBadRequest,
+					"invalid_card_policy",
+					"IP version must be IP, IPV6, or IPV4V6",
+				)
+				return
+			}
+			policy.IPVersion = ipVersion
+		}
+		if request.CustomPhoneNumber != nil {
+			phoneNumber, phoneErr := normalizeCustomPhoneNumber(*request.CustomPhoneNumber)
+			if phoneErr != nil {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_card_policy", phoneErr.Error())
+				return
+			}
+			policy.CustomPhoneNumber = phoneNumber
+		}
+		if request.VoWiFiEnabled != nil {
+			policy.VoWiFiEnabled = *request.VoWiFiEnabled
+		}
+		if request.AirplaneEnabled != nil {
+			policy.AirplaneEnabled = *request.AirplaneEnabled
 		}
 		// VoWiFi always owns an RF-off modem. Store airplane=true even when an
 		// older client omits that implication, so disabling VoWiFi cannot expose a
 		// brief cellular attach window.
-		if *request.VoWiFiEnabled {
-			*request.AirplaneEnabled = true
+		if policy.VoWiFiEnabled {
+			policy.AirplaneEnabled = true
+			policy.NetworkEnabled = false
 		}
-		policy := store.CardPolicy{
-			ICCID:           iccid,
-			NetworkEnabled:  false,
-			VoWiFiEnabled:   *request.VoWiFiEnabled,
-			AirplaneEnabled: *request.AirplaneEnabled,
-			APN:             request.APN,
-			IPVersion:       request.IPVersion,
-			Source:          "manual",
+		if policy.IPVersion == "" {
+			policy.IPVersion = "IPV4V6"
 		}
+		policy.Source = "manual"
 		if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), policy); err != nil {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
 		}
-		policy, err := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
+		policy, err = s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
 		if err != nil {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
@@ -1283,6 +1364,259 @@ func (s *Server) handleCardPolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iccid
 	}
 }
 
+func defaultCardPolicy(iccid string) store.CardPolicy {
+	return store.CardPolicy{
+		ICCID:           strings.TrimSpace(iccid),
+		VoWiFiEnabled:   true,
+		AirplaneEnabled: true,
+		IPVersion:       "IPV4V6",
+		Source:          "default",
+	}
+}
+
+type cardAPNProfilePayload struct {
+	APN              string  `json:"apn"`
+	Username         string  `json:"username"`
+	Password         *string `json:"password"`
+	ClearPassword    bool    `json:"clear_password"`
+	Proxy            string  `json:"proxy"`
+	MCC              string  `json:"mcc"`
+	MNC              string  `json:"mnc"`
+	IPVersion        string  `json:"ip_version"`
+	RoamingIPVersion string  `json:"roaming_ip_version"`
+	AuthType         string  `json:"auth_type"`
+}
+
+func (s *Server) decodeCardAPNProfilePayload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (cardAPNProfilePayload, bool) {
+	var request cardAPNProfilePayload
+	if err := s.decodeJSON(w, r, &request); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_request", err.Error())
+		return request, false
+	}
+	request.APN = strings.TrimSpace(request.APN)
+	if request.APN == "" || !device.ValidAPN(request.APN) {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_apn", "APN must contain only letters, digits, dots, underscores, or hyphens")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	request.IPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(request.IPVersion))
+	if request.IPVersion == "" {
+		request.IPVersion = "IPV4V6"
+	}
+	if request.IPVersion != "IP" && request.IPVersion != "IPV6" && request.IPVersion != "IPV4V6" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_ip_version", "IP version must be IP, IPV6, or IPV4V6")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	request.RoamingIPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(request.RoamingIPVersion))
+	if request.RoamingIPVersion == "" {
+		request.RoamingIPVersion = "IP"
+	}
+	if request.RoamingIPVersion != "IP" && request.RoamingIPVersion != "IPV6" && request.RoamingIPVersion != "IPV4V6" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_roaming_ip_version", "roaming IP version must be IP, IPV6, or IPV4V6")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	request.AuthType = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(request.AuthType))
+	if request.AuthType == "" {
+		request.AuthType = "NONE"
+	}
+	if request.AuthType != "NONE" && request.AuthType != "PAP" && request.AuthType != "CHAP" && request.AuthType != "PAP_OR_CHAP" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_auth_type", "authentication type must be NONE, PAP, CHAP, or PAP_OR_CHAP")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	request.Username = strings.TrimSpace(request.Username)
+	request.Proxy = strings.TrimSpace(request.Proxy)
+	request.MCC = strings.TrimSpace(request.MCC)
+	request.MNC = strings.TrimSpace(request.MNC)
+	password := ""
+	if request.Password != nil {
+		password = *request.Password
+	}
+	if !validAPNText(request.Username, 128) || !validAPNText(password, 128) || !validAPNText(request.Proxy, 255) {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_apn_credentials", "APN username, password, or proxy contains unsupported characters")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	if request.MCC != "" && !decimalLength(request.MCC, 3, 3) {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_mcc", "MCC must contain exactly 3 digits")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	if request.MNC != "" && !decimalLength(request.MNC, 2, 3) {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_mnc", "MNC must contain 2 or 3 digits")
+		return request, false
+	}
+	return request, true
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleCardAPNProfiles(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, iccid, profileID string) {
+	iccid = strings.TrimSpace(iccid)
+	if !validICCID(iccid) {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_iccid", "ICCID must contain between 10 and 32 decimal digits")
+		return
+	}
+	if profileID != "" {
+		id, err := strconv.ParseInt(profileID, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil || id < 1 {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_apn_profile", "APN profile ID is invalid")
+			return
+		}
+		profiles, err := s.store.ListCardAPNProfiles(r.Context(), iccid)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		var existing store.CardAPNProfile
+		for _, profile := range profiles {
+			if profile.ID == id {
+				existing = profile
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if existing.ID == 0 {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "apn_profile_not_found", "APN profile was not found")
+			return
+		}
+		switch r.Method {
+		case http.MethodDelete:
+			if err := s.store.DeleteCardAPNProfile(r.Context(), iccid, id); err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			policy, err := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
+			if err == nil && strings.EqualFold(policy.APN, existing.APN) && strings.EqualFold(policy.IPVersion, existing.IPVersion) {
+				policy.APN = ""
+				policy.IPVersion = "IPV4V6"
+				policy.Source = "manual"
+				if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), policy); err != nil {
+					s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+					return
+				}
+			} else if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"deleted": true, "id": id}})
+		case http.MethodPatch, http.MethodPut:
+			request, ok := s.decodeCardAPNProfilePayload(w, r)
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			password := existing.Password
+			if request.ClearPassword {
+				password = ""
+			} else if request.Password != nil && *request.Password != "" {
+				password = *request.Password
+			}
+			updated, err := s.store.UpdateCardAPNProfile(r.Context(), store.CardAPNProfile{
+				ID: id, ICCID: iccid, APN: request.APN, Username: request.Username,
+				Password: password, Proxy: request.Proxy, MCC: request.MCC, MNC: request.MNC,
+				IPVersion: request.IPVersion, RoamingIPVersion: request.RoamingIPVersion,
+				AuthType: request.AuthType,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+			policy, policyErr := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid)
+			if policyErr == nil && strings.EqualFold(policy.APN, existing.APN) && strings.EqualFold(policy.IPVersion, existing.IPVersion) {
+				policy.APN = updated.APN
+				policy.IPVersion = updated.IPVersion
+				policy.Source = "manual"
+				if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), policy); err != nil {
+					s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+					return
+				}
+			} else if policyErr != nil && !errors.Is(policyErr, store.ErrNotFound) {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, policyErr)
+				return
+			}
+			writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": cardAPNProfileResponse(updated)})
+		default:
+			w.Header().Set("Allow", "PATCH, PUT, DELETE")
+			writeError(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "method_not_allowed", "method not allowed")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch r.Method {
+	case http.MethodGet:
+		profiles, err := s.store.ListCardAPNProfiles(r.Context(), iccid)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		items := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(profiles))
+		for _, profile := range profiles {
+			items = append(items, cardAPNProfileResponse(profile))
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"data": map[string]any{"items": items}})
+	case http.MethodPost:
+		request, ok := s.decodeCardAPNProfilePayload(w, r)
+		if !ok {
+			return
+		}
+		if _, err := s.store.CardPolicy(r.Context(), iccid); errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+			if err := s.store.UpsertCardPolicy(r.Context(), defaultCardPolicy(iccid)); err != nil {
+				s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+				return
+			}
+		} else if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		password := ""
+		if request.Password != nil {
+			password = *request.Password
+		}
+		profile, err := s.store.UpsertCardAPNProfile(r.Context(), store.CardAPNProfile{
+			ICCID: iccid, APN: request.APN, Username: request.Username,
+			Password: password, Proxy: request.Proxy, MCC: request.MCC, MNC: request.MNC,
+			IPVersion: request.IPVersion, RoamingIPVersion: request.RoamingIPVersion,
+			AuthType: request.AuthType,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusCreated, map[string]any{"data": cardAPNProfileResponse(profile)})
+	default:
+		w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET, POST")
+		writeError(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "method_not_allowed", "method not allowed")
+	}
+}
+
+func cardAPNProfileResponse(profile store.CardAPNProfile) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"id": profile.ID, "iccid": profile.ICCID, "apn": profile.APN,
+		"username": profile.Username, "has_password": profile.Password != "",
+		"proxy": profile.Proxy, "mcc": profile.MCC, "mnc": profile.MNC,
+		"ip_version": profile.IPVersion, "roaming_ip_version": profile.RoamingIPVersion,
+		"auth_type": profile.AuthType, "created_at": profile.CreatedAt,
+		"updated_at": profile.UpdatedAt,
+	}
+}
+
+func validAPNText(value string, maxLength int) bool {
+	if len(value) > maxLength || strings.ContainsAny(value, "\r\n\x00\"") {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, character := range value {
+		if character < 0x20 || character == 0x7f {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func decimalLength(value string, minimum, maximum int) bool {
+	if len(value) < minimum || len(value) > maximum {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, character := range value {
+		if character < '0' || character > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func validICCID(value string) bool {
 	if len(value) < 10 || len(value) > 32 {
 		return false
@@ -1295,15 +1629,42 @@ func validICCID(value string) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+func normalizeCustomPhoneNumber(value string) (string, error) {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	var normalized strings.Builder
+	digitCount := 0
+	for index, character := range value {
+		switch {
+		case character >= '0' && character <= '9':
+			normalized.WriteRune(character)
+			digitCount++
+		case character == '+' && index == 0:
+			normalized.WriteRune(character)
+		case character == ' ' || character == '-' || character == '(' || character == ')':
+			// Common visual separators are accepted but not persisted.
+		default:
+			return "", errors.New("custom phone number may contain only digits, a leading plus sign, spaces, parentheses, or hyphens")
+		}
+	}
+	if digitCount < 3 || digitCount > 20 {
+		return "", errors.New("custom phone number must contain between 3 and 20 digits")
+	}
+	return normalized.String(), nil
+}
+
 func cardPolicyResponse(policy store.CardPolicy) map[string]any {
 	response := map[string]any{
-		"iccid":            policy.ICCID,
-		"network_enabled":  false,
-		"vowifi_enabled":   policy.VoWiFiEnabled,
-		"airplane_enabled": policy.AirplaneEnabled,
-		"apn":              policy.APN,
-		"ip_version":       policy.IPVersion,
-		"source":           policy.Source,
+		"iccid":               policy.ICCID,
+		"network_enabled":     false,
+		"vowifi_enabled":      policy.VoWiFiEnabled,
+		"airplane_enabled":    policy.AirplaneEnabled,
+		"apn":                 policy.APN,
+		"ip_version":          policy.IPVersion,
+		"custom_phone_number": policy.CustomPhoneNumber,
+		"source":              policy.Source,
 	}
 	if !policy.CreatedAt.IsZero() {
 		response["created_at"] = policy.CreatedAt

internal/server/settings_api_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -134,6 +135,103 @@ func TestNotificationSettingsAlwaysReturnsFiveChannelsAndPreservesSecrets(t *tes
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWecomNotificationSettingsPreserveWebhookURLs(t *testing.T) {
+	test := newSettingsAPITest(t)
+	webhookURL := "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=wecom-secret"
+	template := `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}}}}`
+	first, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"wecom": map[string]any{
+			"enabled": true, "urls": []string{webhookURL}, "payload_template": template,
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	recorder := test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/settings/notifications", string(first))
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("first PUT status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(recorder.Body.Bytes(), []byte("wecom-secret")) {
+		t.Fatalf("PUT response leaked webhook URL: %s", recorder.Body)
+	}
+	response := decodeSettingsResponse(t, recorder)
+	wecom := response["data"].(map[string]any)["wecom"].(map[string]any)
+	urls, ok := wecom["urls"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(urls) != 1 || urls[0] != store.SecretMask {
+		t.Fatalf("redacted WeCom URLs = %#v", wecom["urls"])
+	}
+
+	second, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"wecom": map[string]any{
+			"enabled": true, "urls": []string{store.SecretMask}, "payload_template": template,
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/settings/notifications", string(second))
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("masked PUT status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	stored, err := test.database.NotificationSetting(context.Background(), "wecom")
+	if err != nil || !bytes.Contains(stored.Config, []byte("wecom-secret")) {
+		t.Fatalf("stored WeCom config = %s, err = %v", stored.Config, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveWecomNotificationTestConfigAcceptsUnsavedWebhookURLs(t *testing.T) {
+	test := newSettingsAPITest(t)
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"urls":             []string{"https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=unsaved"},
+		"payload_template": `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}}}}`,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resolved, _, err := test.server.resolveNotificationTestConfig(context.Background(), "wecom", raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	urls, ok := resolved["urls"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(urls) != 1 || urls[0] != "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=unsaved" {
+		t.Fatalf("resolved URLs = %#v", resolved["urls"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveWecomNotificationTestConfigMergesMaskedAndUnsavedWebhookURLs(t *testing.T) {
+	test := newSettingsAPITest(t)
+	storedURL := "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=stored"
+	unsavedURL := "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=unsaved"
+	storedConfig, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"urls":             []string{storedURL},
+		"payload_template": `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}}}}`,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := test.database.UpsertNotificationSetting(context.Background(), store.NotificationSetting{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		Config:  storedConfig,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"urls":             []string{store.SecretMask, unsavedURL},
+		"payload_template": `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}}}}`,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resolved, _, err := test.server.resolveNotificationTestConfig(context.Background(), "wecom", raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	urls, ok := resolved["urls"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(urls) != 2 || urls[0] != storedURL || urls[1] != unsavedURL {
+		t.Fatalf("resolved URLs = %#v", resolved["urls"])
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNotificationSettingsRejectsUnknownAndMalformedInput(t *testing.T) {
 	test := newSettingsAPITest(t)
 	cases := []struct {
@@ -425,10 +523,35 @@ func TestCardPolicyDefaultValidationAndPersistence(t *testing.T) {
 	policy := response["data"].(map[string]any)
 	if policy["iccid"] != iccid || policy["source"] != "default" ||
 		policy["ip_version"] != "IPV4V6" || policy["vowifi_enabled"] != true ||
-		policy["airplane_enabled"] != true {
+		policy["airplane_enabled"] != true || policy["custom_phone_number"] != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("default policy = %#v", policy)
 	}
 
+	recorder = test.request(
+		t,
+		http.MethodPut,
+		"/api/cards/"+iccid+"/policy",
+		`{"custom_phone_number":"+86 (138) 0013-8000"}`,
+	)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("custom phone policy status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	response = decodeSettingsResponse(t, recorder)
+	policy = response["data"].(map[string]any)
+	if policy["custom_phone_number"] != "+8613800138000" {
+		t.Fatalf("normalized custom phone number = %#v", policy)
+	}
+
+	recorder = test.request(
+		t,
+		http.MethodPut,
+		"/api/cards/"+iccid+"/policy",
+		`{"custom_phone_number":"+86-CALL-ME"}`,
+	)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid custom phone status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+
 	recorder = test.request(
 		t,
 		http.MethodPut,
@@ -455,10 +578,116 @@ func TestCardPolicyDefaultValidationAndPersistence(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("saved policy = %#v", policy)
 	}
 	stored, err := test.database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), iccid)
-	if err != nil || !stored.VoWiFiEnabled || !stored.AirplaneEnabled || stored.APN != "ims" {
+	if err != nil || !stored.VoWiFiEnabled || !stored.AirplaneEnabled || stored.APN != "ims" || stored.CustomPhoneNumber != "+8613800138000" {
 		t.Fatalf("stored policy = %+v, %v", stored, err)
 	}
 
+	// Updating only the switches must preserve the ICCID-specific APN.
+	recorder = test.request(
+		t,
+		http.MethodPut,
+		"/api/cards/"+iccid+"/policy",
+		`{"vowifi_enabled":false,"airplane_enabled":false}`,
+	)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("partial policy status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	stored, err = test.database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), iccid)
+	if err != nil || stored.VoWiFiEnabled || stored.AirplaneEnabled || stored.APN != "ims" || stored.CustomPhoneNumber != "+8613800138000" {
+		t.Fatalf("partially updated policy = %+v, %v", stored, err)
+	}
+
+	// Clearing the override restores system-number display without affecting the
+	// rest of this ICCID's policy.
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/policy", `{"custom_phone_number":""}`)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("clear custom phone status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	stored, err = test.database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), iccid)
+	if err != nil || stored.CustomPhoneNumber != "" || stored.APN != "ims" {
+		t.Fatalf("cleared custom phone policy = %+v, %v", stored, err)
+	}
+
+	// APN-only updates are accepted without changing either switch.
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/policy", `{"apn":"mobile.example","ip_version":"ip"}`)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("APN-only policy status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	stored, err = test.database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), iccid)
+	if err != nil || stored.VoWiFiEnabled || stored.AirplaneEnabled || stored.APN != "mobile.example" || stored.IPVersion != "IP" {
+		t.Fatalf("APN-only updated policy = %+v, %v", stored, err)
+	}
+
+	// A profile can keep multiple custom APNs independently of the active APN.
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPost, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/apns", `{
+		"apn":"custom.table","username":"gg","password":"p","proxy":"",
+		"mcc":"234","mnc":"10","ip_version":"IPV4V6",
+		"roaming_ip_version":"IP","auth_type":"PAP"
+	}`)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("create custom APN status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	response = decodeSettingsResponse(t, recorder)
+	custom := response["data"].(map[string]any)
+	customID := int64(custom["id"].(float64))
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodGet, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/apns", "")
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("list custom APNs status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	response = decodeSettingsResponse(t, recorder)
+	items := response["data"].(map[string]any)["items"].([]any)
+	if len(items) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("custom APNs = %#v", items)
+	}
+	listed := items[0].(map[string]any)
+	if listed["apn"] != "custom.table" || listed["username"] != "gg" ||
+		listed["has_password"] != true || listed["mcc"] != "234" || listed["mnc"] != "10" ||
+		listed["roaming_ip_version"] != "IP" || listed["auth_type"] != "PAP" {
+		t.Fatalf("custom APNs = %#v", items)
+	}
+	if _, exposed := listed["password"]; exposed {
+		t.Fatalf("custom APN API exposed stored password: %#v", listed)
+	}
+	storedAPN, err := test.database.CardAPNProfileByAPN(context.Background(), iccid, "custom.table", "IPV4V6")
+	if err != nil || storedAPN.Username != "gg" || storedAPN.Password != "p" || storedAPN.AuthType != "PAP" {
+		t.Fatalf("stored custom APN = %#v, %v", storedAPN, err)
+	}
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPatch, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/apns/"+strconv.FormatInt(customID, 10), `{
+		"apn":"custom.edited","username":"gg2","proxy":"","mcc":"234","mnc":"10",
+		"ip_version":"IPV4V6","roaming_ip_version":"IP","auth_type":"PAP"
+	}`)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("edit custom APN status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	storedAPN, err = test.database.CardAPNProfileByAPN(context.Background(), iccid, "custom.edited", "IPV4V6")
+	if err != nil || storedAPN.Username != "gg2" || storedAPN.Password != "p" {
+		t.Fatalf("editing custom APN did not preserve password: %#v, %v", storedAPN, err)
+	}
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPut, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/policy", `{"apn":"custom.edited","ip_version":"IPV4V6"}`)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("activate custom APN status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodPatch, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/apns/"+strconv.FormatInt(customID, 10), `{
+		"apn":"custom.final","username":"gg2","clear_password":true,"proxy":"",
+		"mcc":"234","mnc":"10","ip_version":"IP","roaming_ip_version":"IPV4V6","auth_type":"CHAP"
+	}`)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("edit active custom APN status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	stored, err = test.database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), iccid)
+	storedAPN, profileErr := test.database.CardAPNProfileByAPN(context.Background(), iccid, "custom.final", "IP")
+	if err != nil || profileErr != nil || stored.APN != "custom.final" || stored.IPVersion != "IP" || storedAPN.Password != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("active APN edit was not synchronized: policy=%#v profile=%#v errors=%v/%v", stored, storedAPN, err, profileErr)
+	}
+	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodDelete, "/api/cards/"+iccid+"/apns/"+strconv.FormatInt(customID, 10), "")
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("delete custom APN status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body)
+	}
+	stored, err = test.database.CardPolicy(context.Background(), iccid)
+	if err != nil || stored.APN != "" || stored.IPVersion != "IPV4V6" {
+		t.Fatalf("deleting active custom APN did not restore automatic mode: %+v, %v", stored, err)
+	}
+
 	recorder = test.request(t, http.MethodGet, "/api/cards/not-an-iccid/policy", "")
 	if recorder.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
 		t.Fatalf("invalid ICCID status = %d", recorder.Code)
@@ -583,3 +812,23 @@ func TestRouteSettingsAPIReturnsFalseForUnknownPath(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("unknown path was claimed by settings router")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseMailAddressRejectsHeaderInjection(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, value := range []string{
+		"[email protected]\r\nBcc: [email protected]",
+		"[email protected]\nX-Test: injected",
+		"display\x00name <[email protected]>",
+	} {
+		if _, err := parseMailAddress(value); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("parseMailAddress(%q) accepted header injection", value)
+		}
+	}
+	address, err := parseMailAddress("Vocat Alerts <[email protected]>")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	header := formatMailAddress(address)
+	if strings.ContainsAny(header, "\r\n") {
+		t.Fatalf("formatted address contains a line break: %q", header)
+	}
+}

internal/server/sms_api.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"vocat/internal/developer"
 	"vocat/internal/device"
 	"vocat/internal/store"
 	"vocat/internal/vowifi"
@@ -224,6 +225,12 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "blocked_destination", reason)
 		return
 	}
+	// Validate the logical message before consuming a global send slot. Both
+	// cellular AT and VoWiFi IMS use this same encoder/validator.
+	if _, err := device.PrepareSMSSubmitTPDUs(request.Phone, request.Message); err != nil {
+		s.writeDeviceError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
 	config, err := s.store.Device(r.Context(), request.DeviceID)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
@@ -233,6 +240,33 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if !s.requirePhysicalDevice(w, present) {
 		return
 	}
+	limit := developer.SMSHourlyLimit(r.Context(), s.store)
+	reservation, err := s.store.ReserveSMSSend(r.Context(), request.DeviceID, limit, time.Now().UTC())
+	if err != nil {
+		s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !reservation.Allowed {
+		retryAfter := time.Until(reservation.ResetAt)
+		if retryAfter < time.Second {
+			retryAfter = time.Second
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Retry-After", strconv.FormatInt(int64((retryAfter+time.Second-1)/time.Second), 10))
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusTooManyRequests, map[string]any{
+			"error": apiError{
+				Code:    "sms_rate_limited",
+				Message: fmt.Sprintf("Global SMS limit reached: at most %d messages may be submitted in a rolling one-hour window.", reservation.Limit),
+			},
+			"data": map[string]any{
+				"limit":       reservation.Limit,
+				"used":        reservation.Used,
+				"remaining":   reservation.Remaining,
+				"reset_at":    reservation.ResetAt,
+				"retry_after": int64((retryAfter + time.Second - 1) / time.Second),
+			},
+		})
+		return
+	}
 	if config.VoWiFiEnabled && s.vowifi != nil {
 		state, stateErr := s.vowifi.State(request.DeviceID)
 		sender, canSendIMS := s.vowifi.(imsSMSController)
@@ -512,6 +546,13 @@ func (s *Server) syncModemSMS(ctx context.Context, onlyDevice string) {
 		if onlyDevice != "" && config.ID != onlyDevice {
 			continue
 		}
+		// A PC/SC USB reader has no modem storage or AT command channel. Its
+		// messages are delivered by the active VoWiFi IMS session, so attempting
+		// an AT+CMGL catch-up scan would only poison the reader's health state
+		// with ErrNoATPort.
+		if !supportsModemSMSStorage(config) {
+			continue
+		}
 		// Do not queue CMGL traffic on the same serial actor while VoWiFi is
 		// reading the SIM or running AKA. Once the session is stable, resume the
 		// SM/ME scan as a catch-up path: an SMS submitted while the card was
@@ -625,6 +666,10 @@ func (s *Server) syncModemSMS(ctx context.Context, onlyDevice string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func supportsModemSMSStorage(config store.Device) bool {
+	return store.NormalizeDeviceType(config.DeviceType) != store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader
+}
+
 func shouldDeferModemSMSSync(state vowifi.State, stateErr error) bool {
 	if stateErr != nil || !state.Enabled {
 		return false

internal/server/sms_api_test.go

@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"vocat/internal/developer"
+	"vocat/internal/device"
 	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
@@ -105,6 +108,15 @@ func TestNormalizeSMSDeviceFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSupportsModemSMSStorageRejectsUSBReader(t *testing.T) {
+	if supportsModemSMSStorage(store.Device{DeviceType: store.DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader}) {
+		t.Fatal("USB SIM reader must not be polled with modem SMS AT commands")
+	}
+	if !supportsModemSMSStorage(store.Device{DeviceType: store.DeviceTypePCIeEC20EC25}) {
+		t.Fatal("cellular modem should retain modem SMS storage synchronization")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSMSSendOutcome(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name      string
@@ -155,3 +167,52 @@ func TestBlockedSMSDestination(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHandleSMSSendEnforcesGlobalHourlyLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database, err := store.Open(ctx, ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = database.Close() })
+	if err := developer.SetSMSHourlyLimit(ctx, database, 1); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := database.UpsertDevice(ctx, store.Device{ID: "ec20_1", Name: "EC20"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if reservation, err := database.ReserveSMSSend(ctx, "another-device", 1, time.Now().UTC()); err != nil || !reservation.Allowed {
+		t.Fatalf("seed global SMS reservation = %+v, %v", reservation, err)
+	}
+	server := &Server{
+		store:               database,
+		logger:              regionTestLogger(),
+		maxRequestBodyBytes: 4096,
+		devices: fakeDeviceController{entry: device.Device{
+			ID:         "ec20_1",
+			Discovered: true,
+			Snapshot:   &device.Snapshot{DeviceID: "ec20_1"},
+		}},
+	}
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/api/sms/send",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"device_id":"ec20_1","phone":"+447700900123","message":"hello"}`),
+	)
+	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	server.handleSMSSend(response, request)
+	if response.Code != http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 429; body=%s", response.Code, response.Body.String())
+	}
+	if response.Header().Get("Retry-After") == "" {
+		t.Fatal("Retry-After header is missing")
+	}
+	var envelope errorEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(response.Body.Bytes(), &envelope); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if envelope.Error.Code != "sms_rate_limited" {
+		t.Fatalf("error code = %q, want sms_rate_limited", envelope.Error.Code)
+	}
+}

internal/server/sms_notifications.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"mime"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/mail"
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 
 const smsNotificationPollInterval = 2 * time.Second
 
-var smsOnlyNotificationChannels = []string{"bark", "email", "pushplus", "webhook"}
+var smsOnlyNotificationChannels = []string{"bark", "email", "pushplus", "webhook", "wecom"}
 
 type smsNotification struct {
 	DeviceID    string
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ func (s *Server) smsNotificationConfig(ctx context.Context, channel string) (map
 
 func validateSMSNotificationConfig(channel string, config map[string]any) error {
 	switch channel {
-	case "bark", "email", "webhook":
+	case "bark", "email", "webhook", "wecom":
 		if err := validateNotificationTestConfig(channel, config); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -203,6 +202,8 @@ func sendSMSNotification(ctx context.Context, channel string, config map[string]
 		return sendPushplusSMSNotification(ctx, config, message)
 	case "webhook":
 		return sendWebhookSMSNotification(ctx, config, message)
+	case "wecom":
+		return sendWecomNotification(ctx, config, wecomSMSValues(message))
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported SMS notification channel %q", channel)
 	}
@@ -402,13 +403,13 @@ func sendEmailSMSNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, messag
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: SMTP authentication failed", errProviderRejected)
 		}
 	}
-	from, err := mail.ParseAddress(configString(config, "from_address"))
+	from, err := parseMailAddress(configString(config, "from_address"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parse sender address: %w", err)
 	}
 	recipients := make([]*mail.Address, 0)
 	for _, item := range configStrings(config, "to_addresses") {
-		address, err := mail.ParseAddress(item)
+		address, err := parseMailAddress(item)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("parse recipient address: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -426,19 +427,13 @@ func sendEmailSMSNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, messag
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: SMTP message rejected", errProviderRejected)
 	}
-	email := strings.Join([]string{
-		"Date: " + time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC1123Z),
-		"From: " + from.String(),
-		"To: " + joinMailAddresses(recipients),
-		"Subject: " + mime.QEncoding.Encode("UTF-8", "收到新短信 - "+message.DeviceLabel),
-		"MIME-Version: 1.0",
-		"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8",
-		"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit",
-		"",
+	if err := writePlainTextMail(
+		writer,
+		from,
+		recipients,
+		"收到新短信 - "+message.DeviceLabel,
 		message.Text(),
-		"",
-	}, "\r\n")
-	if _, err := io.WriteString(writer, email); err != nil {
+	); err != nil {
 		_ = writer.Close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("write SMTP notification: %w", err)
 	}

internal/server/sms_notifications_test.go

@@ -36,12 +36,46 @@ func TestRenderSMSWebhookTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWecomSMSValuesIncludeRenderedSMSFields(t *testing.T) {
+	location := time.FixedZone("UTC+8", 8*60*60)
+	message := smsNotification{
+		DeviceID: "device-1", DeviceName: "客厅", DeviceLabel: "EC20",
+		Number: "+447386", Time: time.Date(2026, 8, 8, 17, 25, 35, 0, location), Content: "hello",
+	}
+	values := wecomSMSValues(message)
+	if values["event"] != "sms.received" || values["title"] != "收到新短信" || values["message"] != message.Text() {
+		t.Fatalf("common values = %#v", values)
+	}
+	wantLocalTime := message.Time.Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
+	if values["content"] != "hello" || values["number"] != "+447386" || values["device_label"] != "EC20" || values["time"] != wantLocalTime {
+		t.Fatalf("SMS values = %#v", values)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWecomAutomaticTaskValuesLeaveSMSFieldsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	values := wecomAutomaticTaskValues(automaticTaskNotification{
+		Title: "自动任务执行成功", Text: "任务已完成", Time: time.Unix(1_700_000_000, 0),
+	})
+	if values["event"] != "automatic_task.completed" || values["title"] != "自动任务执行成功" || values["message"] != "任务已完成" {
+		t.Fatalf("common values = %#v", values)
+	}
+	for _, name := range []string{"content", "number", "device_id", "device_name", "device_label", "time"} {
+		if values[name] != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s = %q, want empty", name, values[name])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestValidateSMSNotificationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	valid := map[string]map[string]any{
 		"bark":     {"urls": []any{"https://api.day.app/key"}},
 		"email":    {"smtp_host": "smtp.example.com", "from_address": "[email protected]", "to_addresses": []any{"[email protected]"}},
 		"pushplus": {"token": "secret"},
 		"webhook":  {"urls": []any{"https://example.com/hook"}},
+		"wecom": {
+			"urls":             []any{"https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=secret"},
+			"payload_template": `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}}}}`,
+		},
 	}
 	for channel, config := range valid {
 		if err := validateSMSNotificationConfig(channel, config); err != nil {

internal/server/wecom_notification.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var wecomTemplateVariableNames = []string{
+	"event",
+	"title",
+	"message",
+	"timestamp",
+	"content",
+	"number",
+	"device_id",
+	"device_name",
+	"device_label",
+	"time",
+}
+
+type wecomTemplateValues map[string]string
+
+func renderWecomPayload(template string, values wecomTemplateValues) ([]byte, error) {
+	for _, name := range wecomTemplateVariableNames {
+		encoded, err := json.Marshal(values[name])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("encode WeCom template value %q: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		template = strings.ReplaceAll(template, "{{"+name+"}}", string(encoded))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(template, "{{") {
+		return nil, errors.New("wecom.payload_template contains an unsupported variable")
+	}
+
+	var payload map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(template), &payload); err != nil || len(payload) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("wecom.payload_template must render to a non-empty JSON object")
+	}
+	return []byte(template), nil
+}
+
+func validateWecomResponse(status int, body []byte) error {
+	var result struct {
+		ErrCode *int `json:"errcode"`
+	}
+	if status < http.StatusOK || status >= http.StatusMultipleChoices ||
+		json.Unmarshal(body, &result) != nil || result.ErrCode == nil || *result.ErrCode != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: WeCom response was not successful", errProviderRejected)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func wecomTestValues(now time.Time) wecomTemplateValues {
+	return wecomTemplateValues{
+		"event": "test", "title": "vocat", "message": "vocat notification test",
+		"timestamp": now.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+}
+
+func wecomSMSValues(message smsNotification) wecomTemplateValues {
+	return wecomTemplateValues{
+		"event":        "sms.received",
+		"title":        "收到新短信",
+		"message":      message.Text(),
+		"timestamp":    message.Time.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		"content":      message.Content,
+		"number":       message.Number,
+		"device_id":    message.DeviceID,
+		"device_name":  message.DeviceName,
+		"device_label": message.DeviceLabel,
+		"time":         message.Time.Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+	}
+}
+
+func wecomAutomaticTaskValues(message automaticTaskNotification) wecomTemplateValues {
+	return wecomTemplateValues{
+		"event":        "automatic_task.completed",
+		"title":        message.Title,
+		"message":      message.Text,
+		"timestamp":    message.Time.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		"content":      "",
+		"number":       "",
+		"device_id":    "",
+		"device_name":  "",
+		"device_label": "",
+		"time":         "",
+	}
+}
+
+func validateWecomNotificationConfig(config map[string]any) error {
+	urls := configStrings(config, "urls")
+	if len(urls) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("wecom.urls must contain at least one URL")
+	}
+	if len(urls) > 8 {
+		return errors.New("wecom.urls cannot contain more than 8 URLs")
+	}
+	template := configString(config, "payload_template")
+	if template == "" {
+		return errors.New("wecom.payload_template is required")
+	}
+	_, err := renderWecomPayload(template, wecomTestValues(time.Unix(0, 0)))
+	return err
+}
+
+func sendWecomNotification(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any, values wecomTemplateValues) error {
+	payload, err := renderWecomPayload(configString(config, "payload_template"), values)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	client, err := restrictedHTTPClient(ctx, 8*time.Second, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, destination := range configStrings(config, "urls") {
+		parsed, err := validateOutboundURL(ctx, destination, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, parsed.String(), bytes.NewReader(payload))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("create WeCom notification request: %w", err)
+		}
+		request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+		request.Header.Set("User-Agent", "vocat-wecom-notification/1")
+		response, err := client.Do(request)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send WeCom notification: %w", err)
+		}
+		body, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(response.Body, 64<<10))
+		closeErr := response.Body.Close()
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read WeCom response: %w", readErr)
+		}
+		if closeErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("close WeCom response: %w", closeErr)
+		}
+		if err := validateWecomResponse(response.StatusCode, body); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sendWecomNotificationTest(ctx context.Context, config map[string]any) error {
+	return sendWecomNotification(ctx, config, wecomTestValues(time.Now()))
+}

internal/server/wecom_notification_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestRenderWecomPayloadEscapesTemplateValues(t *testing.T) {
+	payload, err := renderWecomPayload(
+		`{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":{{message}},"number":{{number}}}}`,
+		wecomTemplateValues{
+			"message": "quote: \"\nline",
+			"number":  "+447386",
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got, want := string(payload), `{"msgtype":"text","text":{"content":"quote: \"\nline","number":"+447386"}}`; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("payload = %s, want %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRenderWecomPayloadRejectsInvalidTemplate(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, template := range []string{
+		`{"text":{{unknown}}}`,
+		`[]`,
+		`{"msgtype":"text"`,
+	} {
+		t.Run(template, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if _, err := renderWecomPayload(template, wecomTemplateValues{}); err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("template %q was accepted", template)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateWecomResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := validateWecomResponse(http.StatusOK, []byte(`{"errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"}`)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("successful response = %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, response := range []struct {
+		status int
+		body   string
+	}{
+		{http.StatusBadGateway, `{"errcode":0}`},
+		{http.StatusOK, `{"errcode":40058,"errmsg":"invalid"}`},
+		{http.StatusOK, `{}`},
+		{http.StatusOK, `not-json`},
+	} {
+		if err := validateWecomResponse(response.status, []byte(response.body)); !errors.Is(err, errProviderRejected) {
+			t.Fatalf("validateWecomResponse(%d, %s) = %v", response.status, response.body, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/store/automatic_tasks.go

@@ -179,16 +179,88 @@ func (s *Store) UpdateAutomaticTaskRun(ctx context.Context, run AutomaticTaskRun
 	return err
 }
 
+// RecoverAutomaticTaskRuns reconciles durable run records with the in-memory
+// scheduler after a process restart. Running work cannot still be executing,
+// while queued work is safe to put back onto the per-device queues.
+func (s *Store) RecoverAutomaticTaskRuns(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) ([]AutomaticTaskRun, error) {
+	const restartError = "service restarted before the automatic task completed"
+	tx, err := s.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	if _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, `UPDATE automatic_task_runs SET
+		status = 'failed', finished_at = ?, error = ?, updated_at = ?
+		WHERE status = 'running'`, now.Unix(), restartError, now.Unix()); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("recover running automatic tasks: %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, `UPDATE automatic_tasks SET
+		last_run_at = ?, last_status = 'failed', last_error = ?, updated_at = ?
+		WHERE id IN (
+			SELECT task_id FROM automatic_task_runs
+			WHERE status = 'failed' AND error = ? AND finished_at = ?
+		)`, now.Unix(), restartError, now.Unix(), restartError, now.Unix()); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("recover automatic task status: %w", err)
+	}
+	rows, err := tx.QueryContext(ctx, automaticTaskRunSelect+` WHERE status = 'queued' ORDER BY id`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("recover queued automatic tasks: %w", err)
+	}
+	queued, err := scanAutomaticTaskRuns(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return queued, nil
+}
+
+const automaticTaskRunSelect = `
+	SELECT id, task_id, device_id, scheduled_at, started_at, finished_at,
+		status, attempts, output, error, created_at, updated_at
+	FROM automatic_task_runs`
+
 func (s *Store) ListAutomaticTaskRuns(ctx context.Context, limit int) ([]AutomaticTaskRun, error) {
 	if limit <= 0 || limit > 500 {
 		limit = 100
 	}
-	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, `SELECT id, task_id, device_id, scheduled_at,
-		started_at, finished_at, status, attempts, output, error, created_at, updated_at
-		FROM automatic_task_runs ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ?`, limit)
+	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, automaticTaskRunSelect+` ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ?`, limit)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	return scanAutomaticTaskRuns(rows)
+}
+
+// ListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated returns one page of runs (newest first) plus
+// the total run count, so the UI can page through the full history instead of
+// a fixed recent window.
+func (s *Store) ListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated(ctx context.Context, limit, offset int) ([]AutomaticTaskRun, int, error) {
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = 20
+	}
+	if limit > 100 {
+		limit = 100
+	}
+	if offset < 0 {
+		offset = 0
+	}
+	total := 0
+	if err := s.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM automatic_task_runs`).Scan(&total); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("count automatic task runs: %w", err)
+	}
+	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, automaticTaskRunSelect+` ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?`, limit, offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	runs, err := scanAutomaticTaskRuns(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return runs, total, nil
+}
+
+func scanAutomaticTaskRuns(rows *sql.Rows) ([]AutomaticTaskRun, error) {
 	defer rows.Close()
 	var result []AutomaticTaskRun
 	for rows.Next() {

internal/store/automatic_tasks_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -70,3 +71,112 @@ func TestDeletingAutomaticTaskRemovesRunHistory(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("orphan runs = %+v, %v", runs, err)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database := openTestStore(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "automatic-task-runs-page.db"))
+	mustSaveDevice(t, database, "ec20", "EC20")
+	task, err := database.SaveAutomaticTask(ctx, AutomaticTask{
+		Name: "task", Enabled: true, DeviceID: "ec20", ProfileICCID: "one",
+		TaskType: "call", Environment: "cellular", IntervalDays: 1,
+		StartDate: "2026-08-10", RunTime: "12:00", Timezone: "Asia/Shanghai", Payload: []byte(`{"phone":"10086","duration_seconds":10}`),
+		NextRunAt: time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for index := 0; index < 5; index++ {
+		if _, err := database.QueueAutomaticTaskNow(ctx, task); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	first, total, err := database.ListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated(ctx, 2, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if total != 5 || len(first) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("first page: total = %d, runs = %+v", total, first)
+	}
+	if first[0].ID <= first[1].ID {
+		t.Fatalf("runs not newest-first: %+v", first)
+	}
+
+	last, total, err := database.ListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated(ctx, 2, 4)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if total != 5 || len(last) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("last page: total = %d, runs = %+v", total, last)
+	}
+
+	// Out-of-range paging inputs are clamped to defaults, not errors.
+	all, total, err := database.ListAutomaticTaskRunsPaginated(ctx, 0, -5)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if total != 5 || len(all) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("clamped page: total = %d, runs = %+v", total, all)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecoverAutomaticTaskRunsFailsRunningAndReturnsQueued(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database := openTestStore(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "automatic-task-recovery.db"))
+	mustSaveDevice(t, database, "ec20", "EC20")
+	task, err := database.SaveAutomaticTask(ctx, AutomaticTask{
+		Name: "task", Enabled: true, DeviceID: "ec20", ProfileICCID: "one",
+		TaskType: "call", Environment: "cellular", IntervalDays: 1,
+		StartDate: "2026-08-10", RunTime: "12:00", Timezone: "Asia/Shanghai", Payload: []byte(`{"phone":"10086","duration_seconds":10}`),
+		NextRunAt: time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	running, err := database.QueueAutomaticTaskNow(ctx, task)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	running.Status = "running"
+	running.StartedAt = time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute)
+	running.Attempts = 1
+	if err := database.UpdateAutomaticTaskRun(ctx, running); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	queued, err := database.QueueAutomaticTaskNow(ctx, task)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	recoveredAt := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+	recovered, err := database.RecoverAutomaticTaskRuns(ctx, recoveredAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(recovered) != 1 || recovered[0].ID != queued.ID || recovered[0].Status != "queued" {
+		t.Fatalf("recovered queued runs = %+v", recovered)
+	}
+	runs, err := database.ListAutomaticTaskRuns(ctx, 10)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	foundRunning := false
+	for _, run := range runs {
+		if run.ID == running.ID {
+			foundRunning = true
+			if run.Status != "failed" || run.FinishedAt.IsZero() || !strings.Contains(run.Error, "service restarted") {
+				t.Fatalf("recovered running run = %+v", run)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundRunning {
+		t.Fatal("running run was not found after recovery")
+	}
+	recoveredTask, err := database.AutomaticTask(ctx, task.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if recoveredTask.LastStatus != "failed" || !strings.Contains(recoveredTask.LastError, "service restarted") {
+		t.Fatalf("recovered task status = %+v", recoveredTask)
+	}
+}

internal/store/devices.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ const (
 	DeviceTypeWiFi410      = "wifi_410"
 	DeviceTypeDJI4G        = "dji_4g"
 	DeviceTypePCIeEC20EC25 = "pcie_ec20_ec25"
+	DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader = "usb_sim_reader"
 )
 
 // NormalizeDeviceType returns a stable persisted device type identifier.
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ func NormalizeDeviceType(value string) string {
 		return DeviceTypeWiFi410
 	case DeviceTypeDJI4G:
 		return DeviceTypeDJI4G
+	case DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader:
+		return DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader
 	case "", DeviceTypePCIeEC20EC25:
 		return DeviceTypePCIeEC20EC25
 	default:
@@ -132,16 +135,29 @@ func upsertDevice(ctx context.Context, executor contextExecer, value Device) err
 		value.DeviceBackend = "at"
 	}
 	value.DeviceBackend = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value.DeviceBackend))
-	if value.DeviceBackend != "at" && value.DeviceBackend != "qmi" {
+	if value.DeviceBackend != "at" && value.DeviceBackend != "qmi" && value.DeviceBackend != "pcsc" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported device backend %q", value.DeviceBackend)
 	}
 	if value.ESIMTransport == "" {
 		value.ESIMTransport = "at"
 	}
 	value.ESIMTransport = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value.ESIMTransport))
-	if value.ESIMTransport != "at" && value.ESIMTransport != "qmi" {
+	if value.ESIMTransport != "at" && value.ESIMTransport != "qmi" && value.ESIMTransport != "pcsc" && value.ESIMTransport != "none" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported eSIM transport %q", value.ESIMTransport)
 	}
+	value.SIMPIN = strings.TrimSpace(value.SIMPIN)
+	if value.SIMPIN != "" {
+		if len(value.SIMPIN) < 4 || len(value.SIMPIN) > 8 || strings.Trim(value.SIMPIN, "0123456789") != "" {
+			return errors.New("SIM PIN must contain 4 to 8 digits")
+		}
+	}
+	if value.DeviceType == DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader {
+		value.DeviceBackend = "pcsc"
+		value.ESIMTransport = "pcsc"
+		value.NetworkEnabled = false
+		value.SMSEnabled = true
+		value.VoWiFiEnabled = true
+	}
 	extra, err := normalizeJSONObject(value.Extra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("normalize device extra data: %w", err)
@@ -159,12 +175,12 @@ func upsertDevice(ctx context.Context, executor contextExecer, value Device) err
 	_, err = executor.ExecContext(ctx, `
 		INSERT INTO devices (
 			id, name, device_type, interface, control_device, at_port, usb_path,
-			audio_device, modem_imei, apn, proxy_port, baud_rate,
+			audio_device, modem_imei, sim_pin, apn, proxy_port, baud_rate,
 			data_bits, stop_bits, parity, device_backend, esim_transport,
 			qmi_use_proxy, qmi_proxy_path, qmi_proxy_executable,
 			network_enabled, sms_enabled, vowifi_enabled, extra_json,
 			created_at, updated_at
-		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
 		ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
 			name = excluded.name,
 			device_type = excluded.device_type,
@@ -174,6 +190,7 @@ func upsertDevice(ctx context.Context, executor contextExecer, value Device) err
 			usb_path = excluded.usb_path,
 			audio_device = excluded.audio_device,
 			modem_imei = excluded.modem_imei,
+			sim_pin = excluded.sim_pin,
 			apn = excluded.apn,
 			proxy_port = excluded.proxy_port,
 			baud_rate = excluded.baud_rate,
@@ -192,7 +209,7 @@ func upsertDevice(ctx context.Context, executor contextExecer, value Device) err
 			updated_at = excluded.updated_at
 	`,
 		value.ID, value.Name, value.DeviceType, value.Interface, value.ControlDevice, value.ATPort,
-		value.USBPath, value.AudioDevice, value.ModemIMEI, value.APN,
+		value.USBPath, value.AudioDevice, value.ModemIMEI, value.SIMPIN, value.APN,
 		value.ProxyPort, value.BaudRate, value.DataBits, value.StopBits,
 		value.Parity, value.DeviceBackend, value.ESIMTransport,
 		boolInt(value.QMIUseProxy), value.QMIProxyPath, value.QMIProxyExecutable,
@@ -282,7 +299,7 @@ func (s *Store) DeleteDevice(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
 
 const deviceSelect = `
 	SELECT id, name, device_type, interface, control_device, at_port, usb_path,
-		audio_device, modem_imei, apn, proxy_port, baud_rate, data_bits,
+		audio_device, modem_imei, sim_pin, apn, proxy_port, baud_rate, data_bits,
 		stop_bits, parity, device_backend, esim_transport, qmi_use_proxy,
 		qmi_proxy_path, qmi_proxy_executable, network_enabled, sms_enabled,
 		vowifi_enabled, extra_json, created_at, updated_at
@@ -295,7 +312,7 @@ func scanDevice(row rowScanner) (Device, error) {
 	var createdAt, updatedAt int64
 	err := row.Scan(
 		&value.ID, &value.Name, &value.DeviceType, &value.Interface, &value.ControlDevice,
-		&value.ATPort, &value.USBPath, &value.AudioDevice, &value.ModemIMEI,
+		&value.ATPort, &value.USBPath, &value.AudioDevice, &value.ModemIMEI, &value.SIMPIN,
 		&value.APN, &value.ProxyPort, &value.BaudRate, &value.DataBits,
 		&value.StopBits, &value.Parity, &value.DeviceBackend,
 		&value.ESIMTransport, &qmiUseProxy, &value.QMIProxyPath,

internal/store/domain_test.go

@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ func TestMigrationFromAuthenticationSchema(t *testing.T) {
 		"local_proxy_config", "upstream_proxies", "country_rules",
 		"device_proxy_bindings",
 		"notification_settings", "app_settings", "audit_events",
-		"log_events", "card_policies", "traffic_buckets",
+		"log_events", "card_policies", "card_apn_profiles", "traffic_buckets",
+		"sms_send_attempts",
 	} {
 		var found string
 		err := database.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
@@ -105,6 +106,48 @@ func TestMigration7BackfillsSMSModemIMEI(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMigration12ConvertsOnlyKnownActiveDeviceBindingToICCID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "profile-proxy-binding.db")
+	raw, err := sql.Open("sqlite", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for version := 1; version <= 11; version++ {
+		for _, statement := range migrationStatements(version) {
+			if _, err := raw.ExecContext(ctx, statement); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("create v%d schema: %v", version, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := raw.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO devices (id, name, created_at, updated_at) VALUES
+			('known', 'Known', 100, 100), ('unknown', 'Unknown', 100, 100);
+		INSERT INTO upstream_proxies (id, name, addr, created_at, updated_at)
+			VALUES ('route', 'Route', '127.0.0.1:1080', 100, 100);
+		INSERT INTO device_proxy_bindings (device_id, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at) VALUES
+			('known', 'route', 100, 100), ('unknown', 'route', 100, 100);
+		INSERT INTO vowifi_runtime (device_id, iccid, updated_at)
+			VALUES ('known', '89441000400128014257', 100);
+		PRAGMA user_version = 11;
+	`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := raw.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	database := openTestStore(t, path)
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "89441000400128014257")
+	if err != nil || binding.DeviceID != "known" || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "route" {
+		t.Fatalf("migrated binding = %+v, %v", binding, err)
+	}
+	bindings, err := database.ListDeviceProxyBindings(ctx)
+	if err != nil || len(bindings) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("migrated bindings = %+v, %v; unknown ICCID binding must be dropped", bindings, err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMigration9NormalizesVoWiFiAirplanePolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "rf-safe-policy.db")
@@ -323,6 +366,31 @@ func TestDeviceStateRoundTripAndCascade(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestUSBSIMReaderConfigurationIsWiFiCallingOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database := openTestStore(t, ":memory:")
+	err := database.UpsertDevice(ctx, Device{
+		ID: "reader-1", Name: "USB SIM", DeviceType: DeviceTypeUSBSIMReader,
+		USBPath: "1-3", ControlDevice: "Reader 00 00", SIMPIN: "1234",
+		DeviceBackend: "at", ESIMTransport: "at", NetworkEnabled: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err := database.Device(ctx, "reader-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got.DeviceBackend != "pcsc" || got.ESIMTransport != "pcsc" || got.NetworkEnabled || !got.SMSEnabled || !got.VoWiFiEnabled || got.SIMPIN != "1234" {
+		t.Fatalf("reader config = %+v", got)
+	}
+	bad := got
+	bad.SIMPIN = "12x4"
+	if err := database.UpsertDevice(ctx, bad); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("non-numeric SIM PIN was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSMSPersistenceAndDerivedThreads(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	database := openTestStore(t, ":memory:")
@@ -603,12 +671,12 @@ func TestProxyCredentialsAndCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("CountryRule() = %+v, %v", rule, err)
 	}
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(ctx, DeviceProxyBinding{
-		DeviceID: "ec20-1", UpstreamProxyID: "up-1",
+		DeviceID: "ec20-1", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", ProfileName: "Vodafone", UpstreamProxyID: "up-1",
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "ec20-1")
-	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "up-1" {
+	binding, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "89441000400128014257")
+	if err != nil || binding.UpstreamProxyID != "up-1" || binding.DeviceID != "ec20-1" || binding.ProfileName != "Vodafone" {
 		t.Fatalf("DeviceProxyBinding() = %+v, %v", binding, err)
 	}
 	if err := database.DeleteUpstreamProxy(ctx, "up-1"); err != nil {
@@ -617,7 +685,7 @@ func TestProxyCredentialsAndCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := database.CountryRule(ctx, "CN"); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
 		t.Fatalf("country rule should cascade with upstream deletion, got %v", err)
 	}
-	if _, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "ec20-1"); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+	if _, err := database.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, "89441000400128014257"); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
 		t.Fatalf("device binding should cascade with upstream deletion, got %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -694,6 +762,43 @@ func TestNotificationAndAppSecretPreservation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNotificationArraySecretPreservation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	database := openTestStore(t, ":memory:")
+	originalURL := "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=first-secret"
+	if err := database.UpsertNotificationSetting(ctx, NotificationSetting{
+		Channel: "wecom", Enabled: true,
+		Config: json.RawMessage(`{"urls":["` + originalURL + `"]}`),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	setting, err := database.NotificationSetting(ctx, "wecom")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var redacted map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(setting.Redacted().Config, &redacted); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	urls, ok := redacted["urls"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(urls) != 1 || urls[0] != SecretMask {
+		t.Fatalf("redacted URLs = %#v", redacted["urls"])
+	}
+	if err := database.UpsertNotificationSetting(ctx, NotificationSetting{
+		Channel: "wecom", Enabled: true,
+		Config: json.RawMessage(`{"urls":["` + SecretMask + `","https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=second-secret"]}`),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	setting, err = database.NotificationSetting(ctx, "wecom")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(setting.Config, []byte(originalURL)) || !bytes.Contains(setting.Config, []byte("second-secret")) {
+		t.Fatalf("stored URLs = %s", setting.Config)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestEventsPoliciesAndTraffic(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	database := openTestStore(t, ":memory:")
@@ -741,7 +846,7 @@ func TestEventsPoliciesAndTraffic(t *testing.T) {
 
 	if err := database.UpsertCardPolicy(ctx, CardPolicy{
 		ICCID: "89860001", NetworkEnabled: true, VoWiFiEnabled: true,
-		APN: "ims", IPVersion: "ipv4v6",
+		APN: "ims", IPVersion: "ipv4v6", CustomPhoneNumber: "+8613800138000",
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -751,7 +856,7 @@ func TestEventsPoliciesAndTraffic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("RF-safe VoWiFi policy was rejected: %v", err)
 	}
 	policy, err := database.CardPolicy(ctx, "89860001")
-	if err != nil || !policy.VoWiFiEnabled {
+	if err != nil || !policy.VoWiFiEnabled || policy.CustomPhoneNumber != "+8613800138000" {
 		t.Fatalf("CardPolicy() = %+v, %v", policy, err)
 	}
 	safePolicy, err := database.CardPolicy(ctx, "89860002")

internal/store/migrations.go

@@ -186,6 +186,84 @@ func migrationStatements(version int) []string {
 			`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS automatic_task_runs_task_idx ON automatic_task_runs(task_id, id DESC)`,
 			`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS automatic_task_runs_status_idx ON automatic_task_runs(status, id)`,
 		}
+	case 11:
+		return []string{
+			`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sms_send_attempts (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				device_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+			)`,
+			`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS sms_send_attempts_created_idx
+				ON sms_send_attempts(created_at, id)`,
+		}
+	case 12:
+		return []string{
+			`ALTER TABLE device_proxy_bindings RENAME TO device_proxy_bindings_v11`,
+			`CREATE TABLE device_proxy_bindings (
+				iccid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+				device_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+				profile_name TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				upstream_proxy_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+				created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				FOREIGN KEY (device_id) REFERENCES devices(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+				FOREIGN KEY (upstream_proxy_id) REFERENCES upstream_proxies(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			)`,
+			// A legacy device-wide binding is safe to preserve only when the
+			// currently observed ICCID is known. It then becomes one profile binding
+			// instead of leaking onto every future profile used by that device.
+			`INSERT OR IGNORE INTO device_proxy_bindings (
+				iccid, device_id, profile_name, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at
+			)
+			SELECT COALESCE(NULLIF(v.iccid, ''), NULLIF(d.iccid, '')),
+				b.device_id, '', b.upstream_proxy_id, b.created_at, b.updated_at
+			FROM device_proxy_bindings_v11 b
+			LEFT JOIN vowifi_runtime v ON v.device_id = b.device_id
+			LEFT JOIN device_runtime d ON d.device_id = b.device_id
+			WHERE COALESCE(NULLIF(v.iccid, ''), NULLIF(d.iccid, '')) IS NOT NULL`,
+			`DROP TABLE device_proxy_bindings_v11`,
+			`CREATE INDEX device_proxy_bindings_proxy_idx
+				ON device_proxy_bindings(upstream_proxy_id)`,
+			`CREATE INDEX device_proxy_bindings_device_idx
+				ON device_proxy_bindings(device_id, iccid)`,
+		}
+	case 13:
+		return []string{
+			`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS card_apn_profiles (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				iccid TEXT NOT NULL,
+				apn TEXT NOT NULL,
+				ip_version TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'IPV4V6'
+					CHECK (ip_version IN ('IP', 'IPV6', 'IPV4V6')),
+				created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				UNIQUE (iccid, apn, ip_version),
+				FOREIGN KEY (iccid) REFERENCES card_policies(iccid) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			)`,
+			`CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS card_apn_profiles_iccid_idx
+				ON card_apn_profiles(iccid, id)`,
+		}
+	case 14:
+		return []string{
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN proxy TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN mcc TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN mnc TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN roaming_ip_version TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'IP'
+				CHECK (roaming_ip_version IN ('IP', 'IPV6', 'IPV4V6'))`,
+			`ALTER TABLE card_apn_profiles ADD COLUMN auth_type TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'NONE'
+				CHECK (auth_type IN ('NONE', 'PAP', 'CHAP', 'PAP_OR_CHAP'))`,
+		}
+	case 15:
+		return []string{
+			`ALTER TABLE card_policies
+				ADD COLUMN custom_phone_number TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+		}
+	case 16:
+		return []string{
+			`ALTER TABLE devices ADD COLUMN sim_pin TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`,
+		}
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}

internal/store/models.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ type Device struct {
 	USBPath            string
 	AudioDevice        string
 	ModemIMEI          string
+	SIMPIN             string
 	APN                string
 	ProxyPort          int
 	BaudRate           int
@@ -302,11 +303,12 @@ type CountryRule struct {
 	UpdatedAt       time.Time
 }
 
-// DeviceProxyBinding selects the SOCKS5 upstream used by one device's whole
-// VoWiFi runtime. The IKE/IPsec transport uses this route and IMS/SMS then
-// travel inside that tunnel.
+// DeviceProxyBinding selects the SOCKS5 upstream for exactly one eSIM profile.
+// ICCID is globally unique, while one proxy may serve profiles on many devices.
 type DeviceProxyBinding struct {
 	DeviceID        string
+	ICCID           string
+	ProfileName     string
 	UpstreamProxyID string
 	CreatedAt       time.Time
 	UpdatedAt       time.Time
@@ -338,12 +340,9 @@ func (value NotificationSetting) SensitiveValues() []string {
 	}
 	values := make([]string, 0, len(value.SensitiveFields))
 	for _, field := range value.SensitiveFields {
-		if secret, ok := getJSONPath(document, field).(string); ok &&
-			secret != "" && secret != SecretMask {
-			values = append(values, secret)
-		}
+		collectJSONStringValues(getJSONPath(document, field), &values)
 	}
-	return values
+	return uniqueNonemptyStrings(values)
 }
 
 type AppSetting struct {
@@ -476,15 +475,32 @@ type LogFilter struct {
 }
 
 type CardPolicy struct {
-	ICCID           string
-	NetworkEnabled  bool
-	VoWiFiEnabled   bool
-	AirplaneEnabled bool
-	APN             string
-	IPVersion       string
-	Source          string
-	CreatedAt       time.Time
-	UpdatedAt       time.Time
+	ICCID             string
+	NetworkEnabled    bool
+	VoWiFiEnabled     bool
+	AirplaneEnabled   bool
+	APN               string
+	IPVersion         string
+	CustomPhoneNumber string
+	Source            string
+	CreatedAt         time.Time
+	UpdatedAt         time.Time
+}
+
+type CardAPNProfile struct {
+	ID               int64
+	ICCID            string
+	APN              string
+	Username         string
+	Password         string
+	Proxy            string
+	MCC              string
+	MNC              string
+	IPVersion        string
+	RoamingIPVersion string
+	AuthType         string
+	CreatedAt        time.Time
+	UpdatedAt        time.Time
 }
 
 type TrafficBucket struct {
@@ -558,8 +574,8 @@ func redactJSONFields(value json.RawMessage, fields []string, replacement string
 		return json.RawMessage(`{}`)
 	}
 	for _, field := range fields {
-		if getJSONPath(document, field) != nil {
-			setJSONPath(document, field, replacement)
+		if current := getJSONPath(document, field); current != nil {
+			setJSONPath(document, field, redactJSONValue(current, replacement))
 		}
 	}
 	encoded, err := json.Marshal(document)
@@ -584,16 +600,55 @@ func mergeJSONSecrets(
 	}
 	for _, field := range fields {
 		value := getJSONPath(next, field)
-		text, stringValue := value.(string)
-		if value == nil || (stringValue && (text == "" || text == SecretMask)) {
-			if previous := getJSONPath(current, field); previous != nil {
-				setJSONPath(next, field, previous)
-			}
+		if previous := getJSONPath(current, field); previous != nil {
+			setJSONPath(next, field, mergeJSONSecretValue(value, previous))
 		}
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(next)
 }
 
+func redactJSONValue(value any, replacement string) any {
+	switch typed := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return replacement
+	case []any:
+		result := make([]any, len(typed))
+		for index, item := range typed {
+			result[index] = redactJSONValue(item, replacement)
+		}
+		return result
+	default:
+		return replacement
+	}
+}
+
+func mergeJSONSecretValue(incoming, existing any) any {
+	if incoming == nil {
+		return existing
+	}
+	switch next := incoming.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if next == "" || next == SecretMask {
+			return existing
+		}
+	case []any:
+		previous, ok := existing.([]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return incoming
+		}
+		merged := make([]any, len(next))
+		for index, value := range next {
+			if index < len(previous) {
+				merged[index] = mergeJSONSecretValue(value, previous[index])
+			} else {
+				merged[index] = value
+			}
+		}
+		return merged
+	}
+	return incoming
+}
+
 func getJSONPath(document map[string]any, path string) any {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
 		return nil

internal/store/proxy.go

@@ -358,9 +358,11 @@ func upstreamProxy(row rowScanner) (UpstreamProxy, error) {
 
 func (s *Store) UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(ctx context.Context, value DeviceProxyBinding) error {
 	value.DeviceID = strings.TrimSpace(value.DeviceID)
+	value.ICCID = strings.TrimSpace(value.ICCID)
+	value.ProfileName = strings.TrimSpace(value.ProfileName)
 	value.UpstreamProxyID = strings.TrimSpace(value.UpstreamProxyID)
-	if value.DeviceID == "" || value.UpstreamProxyID == "" {
-		return errors.New("device proxy binding requires device and upstream proxy IDs")
+	if value.DeviceID == "" || value.ICCID == "" || value.UpstreamProxyID == "" {
+		return errors.New("profile proxy binding requires device ID, ICCID, and upstream proxy ID")
 	}
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
 	createdAt := value.CreatedAt
@@ -373,28 +375,30 @@ func (s *Store) UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(ctx context.Context, value DeviceProxyB
 	}
 	_, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
 		INSERT INTO device_proxy_bindings (
-			device_id, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at
-		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-		ON CONFLICT(device_id) DO UPDATE SET
+			iccid, device_id, profile_name, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at
+		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+		ON CONFLICT(iccid) DO UPDATE SET
+			device_id = excluded.device_id,
+			profile_name = excluded.profile_name,
 			upstream_proxy_id = excluded.upstream_proxy_id,
 			updated_at = excluded.updated_at
-	`, value.DeviceID, value.UpstreamProxyID, createdAt.Unix(), updatedAt.Unix())
+	`, value.ICCID, value.DeviceID, value.ProfileName, value.UpstreamProxyID, createdAt.Unix(), updatedAt.Unix())
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("upsert proxy binding for device %q: %w", value.DeviceID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("upsert proxy binding for ICCID %q: %w", value.ICCID, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Store) DeviceProxyBinding(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (DeviceProxyBinding, error) {
+func (s *Store) DeviceProxyBinding(ctx context.Context, iccid string) (DeviceProxyBinding, error) {
 	return deviceProxyBinding(s.db.QueryRowContext(
 		ctx,
-		deviceProxyBindingSelect+` WHERE device_id = ?`,
-		strings.TrimSpace(deviceID),
+		deviceProxyBindingSelect+` WHERE iccid = ?`,
+		strings.TrimSpace(iccid),
 	))
 }
 
 func (s *Store) ListDeviceProxyBindings(ctx context.Context) ([]DeviceProxyBinding, error) {
-	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, deviceProxyBindingSelect+` ORDER BY device_id`)
+	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, deviceProxyBindingSelect+` ORDER BY device_id, profile_name COLLATE NOCASE, iccid`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list device proxy bindings: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -413,26 +417,26 @@ func (s *Store) ListDeviceProxyBindings(ctx context.Context) ([]DeviceProxyBindi
 	return values, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Store) DeleteDeviceProxyBinding(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) error {
+func (s *Store) DeleteDeviceProxyBinding(ctx context.Context, iccid string) error {
 	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(
 		ctx,
-		`DELETE FROM device_proxy_bindings WHERE device_id = ?`,
-		strings.TrimSpace(deviceID),
+		`DELETE FROM device_proxy_bindings WHERE iccid = ?`,
+		strings.TrimSpace(iccid),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete proxy binding for device %q: %w", deviceID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete proxy binding for ICCID %q: %w", iccid, err)
 	}
 	return requireAffected(result)
 }
 
 const deviceProxyBindingSelect = `
-	SELECT device_id, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at
+	SELECT device_id, iccid, profile_name, upstream_proxy_id, created_at, updated_at
 	FROM device_proxy_bindings`
 
 func deviceProxyBinding(row rowScanner) (DeviceProxyBinding, error) {
 	var value DeviceProxyBinding
 	var createdAt, updatedAt int64
-	err := row.Scan(&value.DeviceID, &value.UpstreamProxyID, &createdAt, &updatedAt)
+	err := row.Scan(&value.DeviceID, &value.ICCID, &value.ProfileName, &value.UpstreamProxyID, &createdAt, &updatedAt)
 	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
 		return DeviceProxyBinding{}, ErrNotFound
 	}

internal/store/settings.go

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ func DefaultNotificationSensitiveFields(channel string) []string {
 		return []string{"secret"}
 	case "pushplus":
 		return []string{"token"}
+	case "wecom":
+		return []string{"urls"}
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -360,6 +362,7 @@ func maskedJSONValue(value json.RawMessage) bool {
 
 func (s *Store) UpsertCardPolicy(ctx context.Context, value CardPolicy) error {
 	value.ICCID = strings.TrimSpace(value.ICCID)
+	value.CustomPhoneNumber = strings.TrimSpace(value.CustomPhoneNumber)
 	if value.ICCID == "" {
 		return errors.New("card policy ICCID is required")
 	}
@@ -381,20 +384,21 @@ func (s *Store) UpsertCardPolicy(ctx context.Context, value CardPolicy) error {
 	_, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
 		INSERT INTO card_policies (
 			iccid, network_enabled, vowifi_enabled, airplane_enabled,
-			apn, ip_version, source, created_at, updated_at
-		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+			apn, ip_version, custom_phone_number, source, created_at, updated_at
+		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
 		ON CONFLICT(iccid) DO UPDATE SET
 			network_enabled = excluded.network_enabled,
 			vowifi_enabled = excluded.vowifi_enabled,
 			airplane_enabled = excluded.airplane_enabled,
 			apn = excluded.apn,
 			ip_version = excluded.ip_version,
+			custom_phone_number = excluded.custom_phone_number,
 			source = excluded.source,
 			updated_at = excluded.updated_at
 	`,
 		value.ICCID, boolInt(value.NetworkEnabled), boolInt(value.VoWiFiEnabled),
 		boolInt(value.AirplaneEnabled), value.APN, value.IPVersion,
-		value.Source, createdAt.Unix(), updatedAt.Unix(),
+		value.CustomPhoneNumber, value.Source, createdAt.Unix(), updatedAt.Unix(),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("upsert card policy %q: %w", value.ICCID, err)
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@ func (s *Store) DeleteCardPolicy(ctx context.Context, iccid string) error {
 
 const cardPolicySelect = `
 	SELECT iccid, network_enabled, vowifi_enabled, airplane_enabled,
-		apn, ip_version, source, created_at, updated_at
+		apn, ip_version, custom_phone_number, source, created_at, updated_at
 	FROM card_policies`
 
 func cardPolicy(row rowScanner) (CardPolicy, error) {
@@ -449,7 +453,7 @@ func cardPolicy(row rowScanner) (CardPolicy, error) {
 	var createdAt, updatedAt int64
 	err := row.Scan(
 		&value.ICCID, &networkEnabled, &vowifiEnabled, &airplaneEnabled,
-		&value.APN, &value.IPVersion, &value.Source, &createdAt, &updatedAt,
+		&value.APN, &value.IPVersion, &value.CustomPhoneNumber, &value.Source, &createdAt, &updatedAt,
 	)
 	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
 		return CardPolicy{}, ErrNotFound
@@ -465,6 +469,161 @@ func cardPolicy(row rowScanner) (CardPolicy, error) {
 	return value, nil
 }
 
+func (s *Store) UpsertCardAPNProfile(ctx context.Context, value CardAPNProfile) (CardAPNProfile, error) {
+	value.ICCID = strings.TrimSpace(value.ICCID)
+	value.APN = strings.TrimSpace(value.APN)
+	value.IPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value.IPVersion))
+	if value.ICCID == "" || value.APN == "" {
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, errors.New("card APN profile ICCID and APN are required")
+	}
+	if value.IPVersion == "" {
+		value.IPVersion = "IPV4V6"
+	}
+	switch value.IPVersion {
+	case "IP", "IPV6", "IPV4V6":
+	default:
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported card APN profile IP version %q", value.IPVersion)
+	}
+	value.RoamingIPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value.RoamingIPVersion))
+	if value.RoamingIPVersion == "" {
+		value.RoamingIPVersion = "IP"
+	}
+	switch value.RoamingIPVersion {
+	case "IP", "IPV6", "IPV4V6":
+	default:
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported card APN roaming IP version %q", value.RoamingIPVersion)
+	}
+	value.AuthType = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value.AuthType))
+	if value.AuthType == "" {
+		value.AuthType = "NONE"
+	}
+	switch value.AuthType {
+	case "NONE", "PAP", "CHAP", "PAP_OR_CHAP":
+	default:
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported card APN authentication type %q", value.AuthType)
+	}
+	value.Username = strings.TrimSpace(value.Username)
+	value.Proxy = strings.TrimSpace(value.Proxy)
+	value.MCC = strings.TrimSpace(value.MCC)
+	value.MNC = strings.TrimSpace(value.MNC)
+	now := time.Now().UTC().Unix()
+	var createdAt, updatedAt int64
+	err := s.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO card_apn_profiles (
+			iccid, apn, username, password, proxy, mcc, mnc,
+			ip_version, roaming_ip_version, auth_type, created_at, updated_at
+		) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+		ON CONFLICT(iccid, apn, ip_version) DO UPDATE SET
+			username = excluded.username, password = excluded.password,
+			proxy = excluded.proxy, mcc = excluded.mcc, mnc = excluded.mnc,
+			roaming_ip_version = excluded.roaming_ip_version,
+			auth_type = excluded.auth_type, updated_at = excluded.updated_at
+		RETURNING id, iccid, apn, username, password, proxy, mcc, mnc,
+			ip_version, roaming_ip_version, auth_type, created_at, updated_at
+	`, value.ICCID, value.APN, value.Username, value.Password, value.Proxy, value.MCC, value.MNC,
+		value.IPVersion, value.RoamingIPVersion, value.AuthType, now, now).Scan(
+		&value.ID, &value.ICCID, &value.APN, &value.Username, &value.Password,
+		&value.Proxy, &value.MCC, &value.MNC, &value.IPVersion,
+		&value.RoamingIPVersion, &value.AuthType, &createdAt, &updatedAt,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, fmt.Errorf("upsert card APN profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	value.CreatedAt = time.Unix(createdAt, 0).UTC()
+	value.UpdatedAt = time.Unix(updatedAt, 0).UTC()
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListCardAPNProfiles(ctx context.Context, iccid string) ([]CardAPNProfile, error) {
+	rows, err := s.db.QueryContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT id, iccid, apn, username, password, proxy, mcc, mnc,
+			ip_version, roaming_ip_version, auth_type, created_at, updated_at
+		FROM card_apn_profiles WHERE iccid = ? ORDER BY id
+	`, strings.TrimSpace(iccid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list card APN profiles: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	values := make([]CardAPNProfile, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var value CardAPNProfile
+		var createdAt, updatedAt int64
+		if err := rows.Scan(&value.ID, &value.ICCID, &value.APN, &value.Username,
+			&value.Password, &value.Proxy, &value.MCC, &value.MNC, &value.IPVersion,
+			&value.RoamingIPVersion, &value.AuthType, &createdAt, &updatedAt); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan card APN profile: %w", err)
+		}
+		value.CreatedAt = time.Unix(createdAt, 0).UTC()
+		value.UpdatedAt = time.Unix(updatedAt, 0).UTC()
+		values = append(values, value)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iterate card APN profiles: %w", err)
+	}
+	return values, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) CardAPNProfileByAPN(ctx context.Context, iccid, apn, ipVersion string) (CardAPNProfile, error) {
+	profiles, err := s.ListCardAPNProfiles(ctx, iccid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, err
+	}
+	for _, profile := range profiles {
+		if strings.EqualFold(profile.APN, strings.TrimSpace(apn)) &&
+			strings.EqualFold(profile.IPVersion, strings.TrimSpace(ipVersion)) {
+			return profile, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return CardAPNProfile{}, ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func (s *Store) UpdateCardAPNProfile(ctx context.Context, value CardAPNProfile) (CardAPNProfile, error) {
+	value.ICCID = strings.TrimSpace(value.ICCID)
+	value.APN = strings.TrimSpace(value.APN)
+	value.Username = strings.TrimSpace(value.Username)
+	value.Proxy = strings.TrimSpace(value.Proxy)
+	value.MCC = strings.TrimSpace(value.MCC)
+	value.MNC = strings.TrimSpace(value.MNC)
+	value.IPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value.IPVersion))
+	value.RoamingIPVersion = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value.RoamingIPVersion))
+	value.AuthType = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(value.AuthType))
+	if value.ID < 1 || value.ICCID == "" || value.APN == "" {
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, errors.New("card APN profile ID, ICCID, and APN are required")
+	}
+	now := time.Now().UTC().Unix()
+	var createdAt, updatedAt int64
+	err := s.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		UPDATE card_apn_profiles SET
+			apn = ?, username = ?, password = ?, proxy = ?, mcc = ?, mnc = ?,
+			ip_version = ?, roaming_ip_version = ?, auth_type = ?, updated_at = ?
+		WHERE id = ? AND iccid = ?
+		RETURNING id, iccid, apn, username, password, proxy, mcc, mnc,
+			ip_version, roaming_ip_version, auth_type, created_at, updated_at
+	`, value.APN, value.Username, value.Password, value.Proxy, value.MCC, value.MNC,
+		value.IPVersion, value.RoamingIPVersion, value.AuthType, now, value.ID, value.ICCID).Scan(
+		&value.ID, &value.ICCID, &value.APN, &value.Username, &value.Password,
+		&value.Proxy, &value.MCC, &value.MNC, &value.IPVersion,
+		&value.RoamingIPVersion, &value.AuthType, &createdAt, &updatedAt,
+	)
+	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, ErrNotFound
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return CardAPNProfile{}, fmt.Errorf("update card APN profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	value.CreatedAt = time.Unix(createdAt, 0).UTC()
+	value.UpdatedAt = time.Unix(updatedAt, 0).UTC()
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) DeleteCardAPNProfile(ctx context.Context, iccid string, id int64) error {
+	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM card_apn_profiles WHERE iccid = ? AND id = ?`, strings.TrimSpace(iccid), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete card APN profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return requireAffected(result)
+}
+
 func (s *Store) UpsertTrafficBucket(ctx context.Context, value TrafficBucket) error {
 	return s.writeTrafficBucket(ctx, value, false)
 }

internal/store/sms_rate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const SMSRateWindow = time.Hour
+
+// SMSRateReservation is the durable result of claiming one global outbound
+// SMS slot. The quota is shared by every device, SIM, transport, and caller.
+type SMSRateReservation struct {
+	Allowed   bool
+	Limit     int
+	Used      int
+	Remaining int
+	ResetAt   time.Time
+}
+
+// ReserveSMSSend atomically claims one slot in the rolling one-hour window.
+// It intentionally records submission attempts separately from SMS history so
+// deleting a conversation cannot reset the global safety limit.
+func (s *Store) ReserveSMSSend(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	deviceID string,
+	limit int,
+	now time.Time,
+) (SMSRateReservation, error) {
+	if limit < 1 {
+		return SMSRateReservation{}, errors.New("SMS hourly limit must be positive")
+	}
+	if now.IsZero() {
+		now = time.Now().UTC()
+	} else {
+		now = now.UTC()
+	}
+	cutoff := now.Add(-SMSRateWindow).Unix()
+	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO sms_send_attempts (device_id, created_at)
+		SELECT ?, ?
+		WHERE (
+			SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sms_send_attempts WHERE created_at > ?
+		) < ?
+	`, strings.TrimSpace(deviceID), now.Unix(), cutoff, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return SMSRateReservation{}, fmt.Errorf("reserve global SMS send slot: %w", err)
+	}
+	affected, err := result.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return SMSRateReservation{}, fmt.Errorf("read global SMS reservation result: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	status, err := s.smsRateStatus(ctx, limit, cutoff)
+	if err != nil {
+		return SMSRateReservation{}, err
+	}
+	status.Allowed = affected == 1
+	if status.Allowed {
+		// Old rows are irrelevant to enforcement. Pruning after the atomic claim
+		// keeps the hot index compact without creating a delete-before-insert race.
+		_, _ = s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM sms_send_attempts WHERE created_at <= ?`, now.Add(-7*24*time.Hour).Unix())
+	}
+	return status, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) smsRateStatus(ctx context.Context, limit int, cutoff int64) (SMSRateReservation, error) {
+	var used int
+	var earliest *int64
+	if err := s.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `
+		SELECT COUNT(*), MIN(created_at)
+		FROM sms_send_attempts
+		WHERE created_at > ?
+	`, cutoff).Scan(&used, &earliest); err != nil {
+		return SMSRateReservation{}, fmt.Errorf("read global SMS rate status: %w", err)
+	}
+	remaining := limit - used
+	if remaining < 0 {
+		remaining = 0
+	}
+	status := SMSRateReservation{Limit: limit, Used: used, Remaining: remaining}
+	if earliest != nil {
+		status.ResetAt = time.Unix(*earliest, 0).UTC().Add(SMSRateWindow)
+	}
+	return status, nil
+}

internal/store/sms_rate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestReserveSMSSendIsGlobalAndRolling(t *testing.T) {
+	database := openTestStore(t, ":memory:")
+	now := time.Unix(1_800_000_000, 0).UTC()
+
+	first, err := database.ReserveSMSSend(context.Background(), "ec20_1", 2, now)
+	if err != nil || !first.Allowed || first.Used != 1 || first.Remaining != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("first reservation = %+v, %v", first, err)
+	}
+	second, err := database.ReserveSMSSend(context.Background(), "ec20_2", 2, now.Add(time.Second))
+	if err != nil || !second.Allowed || second.Used != 2 || second.Remaining != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("second reservation = %+v, %v", second, err)
+	}
+	blocked, err := database.ReserveSMSSend(context.Background(), "another-device", 2, now.Add(2*time.Second))
+	if err != nil || blocked.Allowed || blocked.Used != 2 || !blocked.ResetAt.Equal(now.Add(SMSRateWindow)) {
+		t.Fatalf("blocked reservation = %+v, %v", blocked, err)
+	}
+	afterWindow, err := database.ReserveSMSSend(context.Background(), "ec20_1", 2, now.Add(SMSRateWindow+time.Second))
+	if err != nil || !afterWindow.Allowed || afterWindow.Used != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("reservation after rolling window = %+v, %v", afterWindow, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReserveSMSSendCannotExceedLimitConcurrently(t *testing.T) {
+	database := openTestStore(t, ":memory:")
+	now := time.Unix(1_800_000_000, 0).UTC()
+	const limit = 10
+	const callers = 40
+	var allowed atomic.Int32
+	var wait sync.WaitGroup
+	for index := 0; index < callers; index++ {
+		wait.Add(1)
+		go func(index int) {
+			defer wait.Done()
+			result, err := database.ReserveSMSSend(context.Background(), "device", limit, now)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("reservation %d: %v", index, err)
+				return
+			}
+			if result.Allowed {
+				allowed.Add(1)
+			}
+		}(index)
+	}
+	wait.Wait()
+	if got := allowed.Load(); got != limit {
+		t.Fatalf("allowed reservations = %d, want %d", got, limit)
+	}
+}

internal/store/store.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
 )
 
-const schemaVersion = 10
+const schemaVersion = 16
 
 var ErrNotFound = errors.New("store: not found")
 
@@ -121,7 +121,9 @@ func migrate(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB) error {
 				// already contain an additive column. Remaining statements in the
 				// migration are still safe and must be applied.
 				duplicateAdditiveColumn := (nextVersion == 7 && strings.Contains(statement, "ADD COLUMN modem_imei")) ||
-					(nextVersion == 8 && strings.Contains(statement, "ADD COLUMN device_type"))
+					(nextVersion == 8 && strings.Contains(statement, "ADD COLUMN device_type")) ||
+					(nextVersion == 14 && strings.Contains(statement, "ADD COLUMN")) ||
+					(nextVersion == 16 && strings.Contains(statement, "ADD COLUMN sim_pin"))
 				if duplicateAdditiveColumn && strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "duplicate column name") {
 					continue
 				}

internal/update/update.go

@@ -184,6 +184,10 @@ func applyUpdate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, opts Options, release
 		cleanup()
 		return fmt.Errorf("update: chmod temp binary: %w", err)
 	}
+	if err := validateExecutable(ctx, tmpPath); err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := backupAndReplace(opts.Target, tmpPath); err != nil {
 		cleanup()
 		return err
@@ -202,10 +206,25 @@ func applyUpdate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, opts Options, release
 	return nil
 }
 
+// validateExecutable catches incompatible architectures and missing dynamic
+// loaders before the working installation is touched. A valid checksum alone
+// cannot detect those packaging errors.
+func validateExecutable(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	checkCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	output, err := exec.CommandContext(checkCtx, path, "version").CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update: downloaded binary cannot run on this host: %w (%s)", err, strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(string(output)), "vocat") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update: downloaded binary returned an unexpected version response: %q", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // backupAndReplace renames the current binary aside, then moves the verified
-// temp file into place. Both renames are atomic on the same filesystem. On
-// Linux the kernel holds the running binary's inode, so replacing it mid-flight
-// is safe.
+// temp file into place. Both renames are atomic on the same filesystem. The
+// previous working binary is retained for service-level or manual rollback.
 func backupAndReplace(target, tmp string) error {
 	backup := target + ".previous"
 	if _, err := os.Stat(target); err == nil {
@@ -221,16 +240,21 @@ func backupAndReplace(target, tmp string) error {
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("update: move new binary into place: %w", err)
 	}
-	_ = os.Remove(backup)
 	return nil
 }
 
-// RestartService restarts the vocat systemd unit. If systemctl is unavailable
-// (non-systemd hosts, containers), it returns an error the caller surfaces as
-// a non-fatal warning.
+// RestartService supports both systemd hosts and OpenWrt/procd routers.
 func RestartService(logger *slog.Logger) error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/etc/init.d/vocat"); err == nil {
+		cmd := exec.Command("/etc/init.d/vocat", "restart")
+		if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("OpenWrt service restart failed", "error", err, "output", string(out))
+			return fmt.Errorf("restart OpenWrt vocat service: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("systemctl"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("systemctl not found in PATH")
+		return fmt.Errorf("neither /etc/init.d/vocat nor systemctl is available")
 	}
 	// Queue the restart and let systemctl exit before systemd stops this unit.
 	// A blocking restart command becomes part of vocat.service's own cgroup and

internal/update/update_validation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package update
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestValidateExecutableRejectsNonExecutableFile(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "not-vocat")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("not an executable"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := validateExecutable(context.Background(), path); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("validateExecutable accepted invalid file")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBackupAndReplaceRetainsPreviousBinary(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Linux replacement behavior")
+	}
+	directory := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(directory, "vocat")
+	replacement := filepath.Join(directory, "replacement")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("old"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(replacement, []byte("new"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := backupAndReplace(target, replacement); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	old, err := os.ReadFile(target + ".previous")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read retained backup: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(old) != "old" {
+		t.Fatalf("backup = %q", old)
+	}
+}

internal/vowifi/ike/relay.go

@@ -205,8 +205,13 @@ func (relay *sessionRelay) terminalError() error {
 
 func (relay *sessionRelay) Close() error {
 	relay.cancel()
+	// ReceiveSessionPacket implementations normally observe the canceled
+	// context through a short read deadline. Close the transport as an explicit
+	// wake-up as well: a socket implementation that is stuck in Read must not
+	// hold teardown (and the associated TUN interface) indefinitely.
+	transportErr := relay.transport.Close()
 	<-relay.done
-	return relay.terminalErrorIfFailure()
+	return errors.Join(relay.terminalErrorIfFailure(), transportErr)
 }
 
 func (relay *sessionRelay) terminalErrorIfFailure() error {

internal/vowifi/ike/relay_test.go

@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@ type fakeSentPacket struct {
 }
 
 type fakeSessionTransport struct {
-	incoming chan fakeSessionPacket
-	sent     chan fakeSentPacket
-	closed   chan struct{}
-	once     sync.Once
-	readers  atomic.Int32
-	maxReads atomic.Int32
+	incoming      chan fakeSessionPacket
+	sent          chan fakeSentPacket
+	closed        chan struct{}
+	ignoreContext bool
+	once          sync.Once
+	readers       atomic.Int32
+	maxReads      atomic.Int32
 }
 
 func newFakeSessionTransport() *fakeSessionTransport {
@@ -81,6 +82,18 @@ func (transport *fakeSessionTransport) ReceiveSessionPacket(
 		}
 	}
 	defer transport.readers.Add(-1)
+	if transport.ignoreContext {
+		select {
+		case packet := <-transport.incoming:
+			if packet.err != nil {
+				return 0, false, packet.err
+			}
+			copy(buffer, packet.data)
+			return len(packet.data), packet.ike, nil
+		case <-transport.closed:
+			return 0, false, net.ErrClosed
+		}
+	}
 	select {
 	case packet := <-transport.incoming:
 		if packet.err != nil {
@@ -96,6 +109,37 @@ func (transport *fakeSessionTransport) ReceiveSessionPacket(
 		return 0, false, net.ErrClosed
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSessionRelayCloseInterruptsStuckTransportRead(t *testing.T) {
+	transport := newFakeSessionTransport()
+	transport.ignoreContext = true
+	relay := newSessionRelay(
+		transport,
+		legacyTestSuite(),
+		ikeKeys{},
+		[8]byte{1},
+		[8]byte{2},
+		true,
+		time.Hour,
+	)
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Second)
+	for transport.readers.Load() == 0 && time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if transport.readers.Load() == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("relay did not enter the transport read")
+	}
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- relay.Close() }()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("close relay: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("relay Close did not interrupt the transport read")
+	}
+}
 func (transport *fakeSessionTransport) Close() error {
 	transport.once.Do(func() { close(transport.closed) })
 	return nil

internal/vowifi/ike/userspace_linux.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -21,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 
 const userspaceTunnelMTU = 1380
 
+const userspaceTunnelPollInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+
 type linuxUserspaceInstaller struct {
 	ipCommand string
 }
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ type linuxUserspaceHandle struct {
 	config    ChildSAConfig
 	tunnel    *espTunnel
 	tun       *os.File
+	tunFD     int
 	relay     NATTPacketRelay
 
 	runContext context.Context
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ func (installer linuxUserspaceInstaller) Install(
 		config:     cloneChildSAConfig(config),
 		tunnel:     tunnel,
 		tun:        tun,
+		tunFD:      int(tun.Fd()),
 		relay:      config.Relay,
 		runContext: runContext,
 		cancel:     cancel,
@@ -128,6 +131,15 @@ func openLinuxTUN(name string) (*os.File, string, error) {
 		_ = unix.Close(descriptor)
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("ike: create TUN interface: %w", err)
 	}
+	// A blocking TUN read is not guaranteed to wake when another goroutine
+	// closes the descriptor on Linux. Keep the descriptor non-blocking and use
+	// poll below so cancellation can always drain the data-plane workers before
+	// the interface is released. Without this, a failed session can retain the
+	// TUN forever and every automatic reconnect fails with EBUSY.
+	if err := unix.SetNonblock(descriptor, true); err != nil {
+		_ = unix.Close(descriptor)
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("ike: make TUN interface cancellable: %w", err)
+	}
 	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(descriptor), "/dev/net/tun:"+request.Name())
 	if file == nil {
 		_ = unix.Close(descriptor)
@@ -475,7 +487,7 @@ func (handle *linuxUserspaceHandle) copyTUNToRelay() {
 	defer handle.wait.Done()
 	buffer := make([]byte, 65535)
 	for {
-		count, err := handle.tun.Read(buffer)
+		count, err := readTUNPacket(handle.runContext, handle.tunFD, buffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			if handle.runContext.Err() == nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
 				handle.fail(fmt.Errorf("ike: read TUN packet: %w", err))
@@ -520,7 +532,7 @@ func (handle *linuxUserspaceHandle) copyRelayToTUN() {
 			// without allowing a forged datagram to tear down the CHILD_SA.
 			continue
 		}
-		if err := writeFull(handle.tun, cleartext); err != nil {
+		if err := writeTUNPacket(handle.runContext, handle.tunFD, cleartext); err != nil {
 			if handle.runContext.Err() == nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
 				handle.fail(fmt.Errorf("ike: write TUN packet: %w", err))
 			}
@@ -529,17 +541,74 @@ func (handle *linuxUserspaceHandle) copyRelayToTUN() {
 	}
 }
 
-func writeFull(destination io.Writer, packet []byte) error {
-	count, err := destination.Write(packet)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+func readTUNPacket(ctx context.Context, descriptor int, buffer []byte) (int, error) {
+	for {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		ready, err := pollTUN(ctx, descriptor, unix.POLLIN)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		if !ready {
+			continue
+		}
+		count, err := unix.Read(descriptor, buffer)
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EINTR) || errors.Is(err, unix.EAGAIN) || errors.Is(err, unix.EWOULDBLOCK) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return count, err
 	}
-	if count != len(packet) {
-		return io.ErrShortWrite
+}
+
+func writeTUNPacket(ctx context.Context, descriptor int, packet []byte) error {
+	for written := 0; written < len(packet); {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		ready, err := pollTUN(ctx, descriptor, unix.POLLOUT)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !ready {
+			continue
+		}
+		count, err := unix.Write(descriptor, packet[written:])
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EINTR) || errors.Is(err, unix.EAGAIN) || errors.Is(err, unix.EWOULDBLOCK) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if count == 0 {
+			return errors.New("ike: zero-length TUN write")
+		}
+		written += count
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+func pollTUN(ctx context.Context, descriptor int, events int16) (bool, error) {
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	poll := []unix.PollFd{{Fd: int32(descriptor), Events: events}}
+	count, err := unix.Poll(poll, int(userspaceTunnelPollInterval/time.Millisecond))
+	if errors.Is(err, unix.EINTR) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if count == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if poll[0].Revents&(unix.POLLERR|unix.POLLHUP|unix.POLLNVAL) != 0 {
+		return false, os.ErrClosed
+	}
+	return poll[0].Revents&events != 0, nil
+}
+
 func (handle *linuxUserspaceHandle) fail(err error) {
 	handle.mu.Lock()
 	notify := false
@@ -583,9 +652,12 @@ func (handle *linuxUserspaceHandle) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
 	handle.mu.Unlock()
 
 	handle.cancelRun()
+	// Workers use a non-blocking, polled TUN descriptor and therefore leave on
+	// cancellation without requiring a cross-goroutine close. Wait first so no
+	// blocked syscall can retain the interface after Close returns.
+	handle.wait.Wait()
 	cleanupErr := handle.cleanupNetwork(ctx)
 	handle.closeTUN()
-	handle.wait.Wait()
 	// A terminal data-plane error is delivered exactly once through Failures.
 	// Close reports only teardown errors so the orchestrator does not record
 	// the same runtime cause again as a cleanup failure.

internal/vowifi/ims/digest.go

@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ type digestChallenge struct {
 }
 
 type digestCredentials struct {
-	Username string
-	Password []byte
-	AUTS     string
-	URI      string
-	Method   string
-	CNonce   string
-	NC       uint32
+	Username    string
+	AKAResponse []byte
+	AUTS        string
+	URI         string
+	Method      string
+	CNonce      string
+	NC          uint32
 }
 
 func parseDigestChallenge(value string, proxy bool) (digestChallenge, error) {
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func parseAuthDirectives(value string) (map[string]string, error) {
 }
 
 type akaMaterial struct {
-	password []byte
+	response []byte
 	auts     []byte
 	ck       []byte
 	ik       []byte
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func clearAKAMaterial(material *akaMaterial) {
 	if material == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	zeroBytes(material.password)
+	zeroBytes(material.response)
 	zeroBytes(material.auts)
 	zeroBytes(material.ck)
 	zeroBytes(material.ik)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func authenticateAKA(
 		return akaMaterial{}, err
 	}
 	return akaMaterial{
-		password: res,
+		response: res,
 		ck:       append([]byte(nil), result.CK...),
 		ik:       append([]byte(nil), result.IK...),
 	}, nil
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func extractRES(result vowifi.AKAResult) ([]byte, error) {
 
 func newDigestCredentials(
 	username string,
-	password []byte,
+	akaResponse []byte,
 	uri string,
 	method string,
 	nc uint32,
@@ -241,12 +241,12 @@ func newDigestCredentials(
 		return digestCredentials{}, fmt.Errorf("ims: create digest cnonce: %w", err)
 	}
 	return digestCredentials{
-		Username: username,
-		Password: password,
-		URI:      uri,
-		Method:   method,
-		CNonce:   hex.EncodeToString(cnonceBytes),
-		NC:       nc,
+		Username:    username,
+		AKAResponse: akaResponse,
+		URI:         uri,
+		Method:      method,
+		CNonce:      hex.EncodeToString(cnonceBytes),
+		NC:          nc,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ func buildDigestAuthorization(challenge digestChallenge, credentials digestCrede
 	response := digestResponse(
 		credentials.Username,
 		challenge.Realm,
-		credentials.Password,
+		credentials.AKAResponse,
 		credentials.Method,
 		credentials.URI,
 		challenge.Nonce,
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ func buildDigestAuthorization(challenge digestChallenge, credentials digestCrede
 func digestResponse(
 	username string,
 	realm string,
-	password []byte,
+	akaResponse []byte,
 	method string,
 	uri string,
 	nonce string,
@@ -300,7 +300,9 @@ func digestResponse(
 ) string {
 	ha1Hash := md5.New()
 	_, _ = ha1Hash.Write([]byte(username + ":" + realm + ":"))
-	_, _ = ha1Hash.Write(password)
+	// AKAv1-MD5 is mandated by the IMS server challenge (3GPP TS 33.203).
+	// akaResponse is the short-lived USIM RES value, not a stored password.
+	_, _ = ha1Hash.Write(akaResponse)
 	ha1 := hex.EncodeToString(ha1Hash.Sum(nil))
 	ha2 := md5Hex(method + ":" + uri)
 	if qop == "" {

internal/vowifi/ims/digest_test.go

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ func TestAuthenticateAKAMapsNonceToTypedChallenge(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("authenticateAKA() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(material.password, []byte{0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef}) {
-		t.Fatalf("password = %x, want deadbeef", material.password)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(material.response, []byte{0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef}) {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %x, want deadbeef", material.response)
 	}
 	if len(aka.challenges) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("challenge count = %d, want 1", len(aka.challenges))
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ func TestAuthenticateAKAReturnsSynchronizationEvidence(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("authenticateAKA() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(material.auts, auts) || len(material.password) != 0 {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(material.auts, auts) || len(material.response) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("material = %#v", material)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestBuildDigestAuthorizationCarriesAUTSWithEmptyPassword(t *testing.T) {
+func TestBuildDigestAuthorizationCarriesAUTSWithEmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	authorization := buildDigestAuthorization(
 		digestChallenge{
 			Realm:     "ims.example",
@@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ func TestBuildDigestAuthorizationCarriesAUTSWithEmptyPassword(t *testing.T) {
 			QOP:       "auth",
 		},
 		digestCredentials{
-			Username: "[email protected]",
-			Password: nil,
-			AUTS:     "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0=",
-			URI:      "sip:ims.example",
-			Method:   "REGISTER",
-			CNonce:   "cnonce",
-			NC:       1,
+			Username:    "[email protected]",
+			AKAResponse: nil,
+			AUTS:        "AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0=",
+			URI:         "sip:ims.example",
+			Method:      "REGISTER",
+			CNonce:      "cnonce",
+			NC:          1,
 		},
 	)
 	directives, err := parseAuthDirectives(strings.TrimPrefix(authorization, "Digest "))

internal/vowifi/ims/provider.go

@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ func dialSIP(
 
 type authenticationState struct {
 	challenge digestChallenge
-	password  []byte
+	response  []byte
 	auts      string
 	cnonce    string
 	nc        uint32
@@ -633,13 +633,13 @@ func (session *Session) register(ctx context.Context, expires int) (*sipResponse
 		if session.auth != nil {
 			session.auth.nc++
 			credentials := digestCredentials{
-				Username: session.identity.private,
-				Password: session.auth.password,
-				AUTS:     session.auth.auts,
-				URI:      "sip:" + session.identity.domain,
-				Method:   "REGISTER",
-				CNonce:   session.auth.cnonce,
-				NC:       session.auth.nc,
+				Username:    session.identity.private,
+				AKAResponse: session.auth.response,
+				AUTS:        session.auth.auts,
+				URI:         "sip:" + session.identity.domain,
+				Method:      "REGISTER",
+				CNonce:      session.auth.cnonce,
+				NC:          session.auth.nc,
 			}
 			authorization = buildDigestAuthorization(session.auth.challenge, credentials)
 			if session.auth.challenge.Proxy {
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ func (session *Session) register(ctx context.Context, expires int) (*sipResponse
 		}
 		credentials, err := newDigestCredentials(
 			session.identity.private,
-			material.password,
+			material.response,
 			"sip:"+session.identity.domain,
 			"REGISTER",
 			1,
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ func (session *Session) register(ctx context.Context, expires int) (*sipResponse
 		auts := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(material.auts)
 		session.auth = &authenticationState{
 			challenge: challenge,
-			password:  append([]byte(nil), material.password...),
+			response:  append([]byte(nil), material.response...),
 			auts:      auts,
 			cnonce:    credentials.CNonce,
 		}
@@ -1021,8 +1021,8 @@ func (session *Session) clearAuthentication() {
 	if session.auth == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	for index := range session.auth.password {
-		session.auth.password[index] = 0
+	for index := range session.auth.response {
+		session.auth.response[index] = 0
 	}
 	session.auth = nil
 }

internal/vowifi/ims/security_linux.go

@@ -84,6 +84,14 @@ func runIPCommand(ctx context.Context, command string, operation xfrmOperation)
 	if message == "" {
 		message = err.Error()
 	}
+	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(message), "protocol not supported") ||
+		strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(message), "operation not supported") {
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"%s: host kernel lacks XFRM/IPsec support; install matching kmod-ipsec and kmod-ipsec4/6 (OpenWrt), or enable CONFIG_XFRM_USER and ESP in the kernel: %s",
+			operation.description,
+			message,
+		)
+	}
 	// Operation descriptions contain no SPI keys or subscriber identity.
 	return fmt.Errorf("%s: %s", operation.description, message)
 }

internal/vowifi/ims/security_linux_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,19 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+func TestRunIPCommandExplainsMissingKernelXFRM(t *testing.T) {
+	directory := t.TempDir()
+	command := directory + "/ip"
+	script := "#!/bin/sh\necho 'Cannot open netlink socket: Protocol not supported' >&2\nexit 1\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(command, []byte(script), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := runIPCommand(context.Background(), command, xfrmOperation{description: "test state"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "kmod-ipsec") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "CONFIG_XFRM_USER") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLinuxIPSecInstallerLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
 	if os.Getenv("VOCAT_NETNS_TEST") != "1" {
 		t.Skip("set VOCAT_NETNS_TEST=1 inside an isolated Linux network namespace")

internal/vowifi/integration/store.go

@@ -27,15 +27,16 @@ func (resolver ProxyResolver) Resolve(
 		return vowifi.ProxyRoute{}, errors.New("vowifi proxy resolver: store is nil")
 	}
 	deviceID := strings.TrimSpace(request.DeviceID)
-	if deviceID == "" {
+	iccid := strings.TrimSpace(request.ICCID)
+	if deviceID == "" || iccid == "" {
 		return vowifi.ProxyRoute{Mode: vowifi.ProxyModeDirect}, nil
 	}
-	binding, err := resolver.Store.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, deviceID)
+	binding, err := resolver.Store.DeviceProxyBinding(ctx, iccid)
 	if errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
 		return vowifi.ProxyRoute{Mode: vowifi.ProxyModeDirect}, nil
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return vowifi.ProxyRoute{}, fmt.Errorf("resolve proxy binding for device %s: %w", deviceID, err)
+		return vowifi.ProxyRoute{}, fmt.Errorf("resolve proxy binding for ICCID %s: %w", iccid, err)
 	}
 	upstream, err := resolver.Store.UpstreamProxy(ctx, binding.UpstreamProxyID)
 	if err != nil {

internal/vowifi/integration/store_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func testStore(t *testing.T) *store.Store {
 	return database
 }
 
-func TestProxyResolverUsesDeviceBinding(t *testing.T) {
+func TestProxyResolverUsesICCIDProfileBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	database := testStore(t)
 	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{ID: "ec20", Name: "EC20"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -38,13 +38,15 @@ func TestProxyResolverUsesDeviceBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), store.DeviceProxyBinding{
 		DeviceID:        "ec20",
+		ICCID:           "89441000400128014257",
+		ProfileName:     "Vodafone UK",
 		UpstreamProxyID: "clash",
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	route, err := (ProxyResolver{Store: database}).Resolve(
 		context.Background(),
-		vowifi.ProxyRequest{DeviceID: "ec20", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15"},
+		vowifi.ProxyRequest{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15"},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -57,6 +59,26 @@ func TestProxyResolverUsesDeviceBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProxyResolverDoesNotLeakBindingToAnotherProfileOnSameDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	database := testStore(t)
+	if err := database.UpsertDevice(context.Background(), store.Device{ID: "ec20", Name: "EC20"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := database.UpsertUpstreamProxy(context.Background(), store.UpstreamProxy{ID: "proxy", Name: "Proxy", Addr: "127.0.0.1:1080", Enabled: true}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := database.UpsertDeviceProxyBinding(context.Background(), store.DeviceProxyBinding{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89441000400128014257", ProfileName: "A", UpstreamProxyID: "proxy"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	route, err := (ProxyResolver{Store: database}).Resolve(context.Background(), vowifi.ProxyRequest{DeviceID: "ec20", ICCID: "89104100000028106378"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if route.Mode != vowifi.ProxyModeDirect {
+		t.Fatalf("route = %#v, want direct for unbound ICCID", route)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestProxyResolverDoesNotUseCountryRuleWithoutDeviceBinding(t *testing.T) {
 	database := testStore(t)
 	if err := database.UpsertUpstreamProxy(context.Background(), store.UpstreamProxy{

internal/vowifi/orchestrator.go

@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ func (orchestrator *Orchestrator) Enable(ctx context.Context) (State, error) {
 	}
 	proxy, err := orchestrator.deps.Proxy.Resolve(setupContext, ProxyRequest{
 		DeviceID:    orchestrator.options.DeviceID,
+		ICCID:       strings.TrimSpace(identity.ICCID),
 		HomeMCC:     strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC),
 		HomeMNC:     strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMNC),
 		CountryCode: strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeCountryCode)),

internal/vowifi/pcsc_adapter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package vowifi
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"vocat/internal/pcsc"
+)
+
+type PCSCBindingResolver func(context.Context, string) (pcsc.Selector, string, error)
+
+// PCSCAdapter uses a directly attached USB smart-card reader as the UICC for
+// Wi-Fi Calling. It deliberately exposes no cellular-radio behaviour.
+type PCSCAdapter struct {
+	service  *pcsc.Service
+	resolve  PCSCBindingResolver
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	bindings map[string]string
+}
+
+var (
+	_ SIMIdentityReader = (*PCSCAdapter)(nil)
+	_ SMSCenterReader   = (*PCSCAdapter)(nil)
+	_ AKAProvider       = (*PCSCAdapter)(nil)
+	_ RadioController   = (*PCSCAdapter)(nil)
+)
+
+func NewPCSCAdapter(service *pcsc.Service, resolver PCSCBindingResolver) (*PCSCAdapter, error) {
+	if service == nil || resolver == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("vocat: PC/SC service and reader resolver are required")
+	}
+	return &PCSCAdapter{service: service, resolve: resolver, bindings: make(map[string]string)}, nil
+}
+
+func (adapter *PCSCAdapter) ReadIdentity(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (SIMIdentity, error) {
+	selector, pin, err := adapter.resolve(ctx, strings.TrimSpace(deviceID))
+	if err != nil {
+		return SIMIdentity{}, err
+	}
+	identity, err := adapter.service.ReadIdentity(ctx, selector, pin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return SIMIdentity{}, fmt.Errorf("read USB SIM identity: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(identity.IMSI) < 5 {
+		return SIMIdentity{}, errors.New("vocat: USB SIM reader returned an invalid IMSI")
+	}
+	adapter.mu.Lock()
+	adapter.bindings[identity.ICCID] = strings.TrimSpace(deviceID)
+	adapter.mu.Unlock()
+	mncLength := identity.MNCLength
+	if mncLength != 2 && mncLength != 3 {
+		if mcc, mnc, ok := assignedHomePLMN(identity.IMSI); ok {
+			return SIMIdentity{ICCID: identity.ICCID, IMSI: identity.IMSI, HomeMCC: mcc, HomeMNC: mnc, SMSC: identity.SMSC}, nil
+		}
+		return SIMIdentity{}, ErrEC20MNCUnavailable
+	}
+	if len(identity.IMSI) < 3+mncLength {
+		return SIMIdentity{}, errors.New("vocat: USB SIM IMSI is shorter than its EF_AD home PLMN")
+	}
+	return SIMIdentity{
+		ICCID: identity.ICCID, IMSI: identity.IMSI,
+		HomeMCC: identity.IMSI[:3], HomeMNC: identity.IMSI[3 : 3+mncLength],
+		SMSC: identity.SMSC,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (adapter *PCSCAdapter) ReadSMSCenter(ctx context.Context, deviceID string) (string, error) {
+	selector, pin, err := adapter.resolve(ctx, strings.TrimSpace(deviceID))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	identity, err := adapter.service.ReadIdentity(ctx, selector, pin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(identity.SMSC) == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("vocat: USB SIM does not expose a service-centre address")
+	}
+	return identity.SMSC, nil
+}
+
+func (adapter *PCSCAdapter) CheckReady(ctx context.Context, identity SIMIdentity) (AKAEvidence, error) {
+	selector, pin, err := adapter.resolve(ctx, adapter.deviceID(identity))
+	if err != nil {
+		return AKAEvidence{}, err
+	}
+	aid, err := adapter.service.CheckReady(ctx, selector, identity.ICCID, pin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return AKAEvidence{}, fmt.Errorf("check USB SIM AKA application: %w", err)
+	}
+	return AKAEvidence{Ready: true, Application: aid}, nil
+}
+
+func (adapter *PCSCAdapter) deviceID(identity SIMIdentity) string {
+	adapter.mu.RLock()
+	deviceID := adapter.bindings[identity.ICCID]
+	adapter.mu.RUnlock()
+	return deviceID
+}
+
+func (adapter *PCSCAdapter) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, identity SIMIdentity, challenge AKAChallenge) (AKAResult, error) {
+	selector, pin, err := adapter.resolve(ctx, adapter.deviceID(identity))
+	if err != nil {
+		return AKAResult{}, err
+	}
+	result, err := adapter.service.Authenticate(ctx, selector, identity.ICCID, pin, pcsc.AKAChallenge(challenge))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pcsc.ErrAKARejected) {
+			return AKAResult{}, errors.Join(ErrEC20AKAMACFailure, err)
+		}
+		return AKAResult{}, fmt.Errorf("authenticate with USB SIM: %w", err)
+	}
+	return AKAResult(result), nil
+}
+
+func (*PCSCAdapter) Snapshot(context.Context, string) (RadioSnapshot, error) {
+	return RadioSnapshot{OperatingMode: 4, PureAirplanePolicy: true}, nil
+}
+func (*PCSCAdapter) StopCellularData(context.Context, string) error       { return nil }
+func (*PCSCAdapter) EnterVoWiFiRFOff(context.Context, string) error       { return nil }
+func (*PCSCAdapter) Restore(context.Context, string, RadioSnapshot) error { return nil }