fix(ims): align VoWiFi SIP profile behavior (#75)

* fix: stabilize OpenStick 410 VoWiFi startup

* fix: recover OpenStick 410 eUICC channel allocation

---------

Co-authored-by: MengMengCode <[email protected]>

cmd/vocat/main.go

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func main() {
-	logs := loghub.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, nil), 2000)
+	logs := loghub.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug}), 2000)
 	logger := slog.New(logs)
 
 	args := os.Args[1:]
@@ -206,7 +206,8 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 	}
 
 	cardReaders := pcsc.New()
-	deviceManager, err := device.NewManager(device.Options{CardReaders: cardReaders, Logger: logger})
+	deviceLogger := logger.With("category", "hardware")
+	deviceManager, err := device.NewManager(device.Options{CardReaders: cardReaders, Logger: deviceLogger})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create device manager: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ func run(logger *slog.Logger, logs *loghub.Hub) error {
 	}()
 	pollContext, cancelPolling := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancelPolling()
-	go pollDeviceSnapshots(pollContext, logger, database, deviceManager)
+	go pollDeviceSnapshots(pollContext, deviceLogger, database, deviceManager)
 	go restoreConfiguredCellularData(pollContext, logger, database, deviceManager)
 	go collectCellularTraffic(pollContext, logger, database)
 	go persistLogsToStore(pollContext, logger, logs, database)
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 		Devices: mapper,
 	}
 	manager := vowifiruntime.New(vowifiruntime.Options{
-		Logger:  logger,
+		Logger:  logger.With("category", "vowifi"),
 		OnState: projector.Save,
 		Factory: func(factoryContext context.Context, deviceID string) (*vowifi.Orchestrator, error) {
 			deviceConfig, err := database.Device(factoryContext, deviceID)
@@ -683,7 +684,18 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 					)
 				}
 			}
-			if _, err := manager.RequestEnabled(deviceConfig.ID, true); err != nil {
+			requestEnable := func() error {
+				_, requestErr := manager.RequestEnabled(deviceConfig.ID, true)
+				return requestErr
+			}
+			if err := requestVoWiFiStartup(
+				ctx,
+				logger,
+				deviceConfig.DeviceType,
+				deviceConfig.ID,
+				wifi410VoWiFiStartupDelay,
+				requestEnable,
+			); err != nil {
 				_ = manager.Close(context.Background())
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("start device %q VoWiFi policy: %w", deviceConfig.ID, err)
 			}
@@ -695,8 +707,55 @@ func configureVoWiFiRuntime(
 const (
 	vowifiStartupRadioAttempts = 3
 	vowifiStartupRadioDelay    = time.Second
+	wifi410VoWiFiStartupDelay  = 80 * time.Second
 )
 
+// requestVoWiFiStartup delays only the persisted startup policy for OpenStick
+// 410 devices. Their Qualcomm UIM and Vodafone ePDG path need a short quiet
+// period after a cold boot; user-triggered reconnects and every other device
+// type continue to execute immediately.
+func requestVoWiFiStartup(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger *slog.Logger,
+	deviceType string,
+	deviceID string,
+	delay time.Duration,
+	request func() error,
+) error {
+	if deviceType != store.DeviceTypeWiFi410 || delay <= 0 {
+		return request()
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = slog.Default()
+	}
+	logger.Info(
+		"OpenStick 410 VoWiFi startup delayed",
+		"device_id", deviceID,
+		"delay", delay,
+	)
+	go func() {
+		timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
+		defer timer.Stop()
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-timer.C:
+		}
+		if err := request(); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn(
+				"OpenStick 410 delayed VoWiFi startup failed",
+				"device_id", deviceID,
+				"error", err,
+			)
+		}
+	}()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func shouldDelayWiFi410VoWiFi(deviceType string, now, notBefore time.Time) bool {
+	return deviceType == store.DeviceTypeWiFi410 && now.Before(notBefore)
+}
+
 type flightModeSetter interface {
 	SetFlight(context.Context, string, bool) (device.FlightResult, error)
 }
@@ -717,7 +776,7 @@ func protectVoWiFiStartupRadioWithRetry(
 	physicalID string,
 	attempts int,
 	delay time.Duration,
-	) error {
+) error {
 	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt < attempts; attempt++ {
 		flightContext, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
@@ -759,14 +818,15 @@ func newVoWiFiOrchestrator(
 	if apn == "" {
 		apn = "ims"
 	}
+	vowifiLogger := logger.With("category", "vowifi", "device_id", deviceConfig.ID)
 	tunnelProvider, err := ike.NewProvider(ike.Config{
-		APN: apn, Logger: logger, AutoProposalFallback: true,
+		APN: apn, Logger: vowifiLogger, AutoProposalFallback: true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("device %q IKE provider: %w", deviceConfig.ID, err)
 	}
 	imsProvider, err := ims.NewProvider(adapter, ims.Config{
-		Logger: logger,
+		Logger: vowifiLogger,
 		// Carrier-specific transport and SMSC defaults live in the shared data
 		// profile. Prefer network-provided P-CSCF hints, then safely try the
 		// alternate transport only if no SIP response was observed.
@@ -983,6 +1043,10 @@ func persistLogsToStore(
 			if !ok {
 				return
 			}
+			if loghub.IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry) {
+				continue
+			}
+			entry = loghub.SanitizeEntry(entry)
 			var fields json.RawMessage
 			if len(entry.Fields) > 0 {
 				if raw, err := json.Marshal(entry.Fields); err == nil {
@@ -1130,6 +1194,7 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 	vowifiManager *vowifiruntime.Manager,
 ) {
 	observedCards := make(map[string]string)
+	wifi410StartupNotBefore := time.Now().Add(wifi410VoWiFiStartupDelay)
 	reconcile := func() {
 		policies, policyListErr := database.ListCardPolicies(ctx)
 		if policyListErr == nil {
@@ -1211,6 +1276,9 @@ func reconcileCardPolicies(
 				}
 				switch {
 				case stateErr != nil || !state.Enabled:
+					if shouldDelayWiFi410VoWiFi(config.DeviceType, time.Now(), wifi410StartupNotBefore) {
+						continue
+					}
 					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestEnabled(config.ID, true)
 				case state.ICCID != "" && !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(state.ICCID), iccid):
 					_, _ = vowifiManager.RequestReconnect(config.ID)

go.mod

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ go 1.25.0
 require (
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.15
 	github.com/iniwex5/quectel-qmi-go v0.6.0
+	github.com/warthog618/sms v0.3.0
 	go.bug.st/serial v1.6.4
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.52.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.41.0
 	howett.net/plist v1.0.1
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.2
 )
@@ -21,7 +23,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 // indirect
-	github.com/warthog618/sms v0.3.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b // indirect
 	modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 h1:S4RLU2sB31O/NCl+zFN9Aru9A/Cq2aqKpTZJ6B+DwT4=
 golang.org/x/term v0.43.0/go.mod h1:lrhlHNdQJHO+1qVYiHfFKVuVioJIheAc3fBSMFYEIsk=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 h1:vz/seA0lnX87Othu2f/0L24RcgrXD9/YFTSuGjj3rH8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0/go.mod h1:jvf1O8ajNzZqhSrQBPbutR/EB83Cc0CFrezNQIwbb5M=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0 h1:qIpSLOxeCYGg9TrcJokLBG4KFA6d795g0xkBkiESGlo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.34.0/go.mod h1:pAP9OwEaY1CAW3HOmg3hLZC5Z0CCmzjAF2UQMSqNARg=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=

internal/device/esim.go

@@ -439,6 +439,9 @@ func (manager *Manager) openQMIEuiccOnceAID(ctx context.Context, id string, cand
 	}
 	const slot uint8 = 1
 	logicalChannel, err := session.OpenLogicalChannel(openContext, slot, aid)
+	if recoverySession, recoveryOK := session.(nativeQMIChannelRecoverySession); recoveryOK && isQMIInsufficientResources(err) {
+		logicalChannel, err = openNativeQMIChannelWithRecovery(openContext, recoverySession, slot, aid)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = session.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errNoEUICC, err)

internal/device/manager.go

@@ -206,6 +206,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 	}
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(candidates))
 
+	type discoveryEvent struct {
+		connected bool
+		candidate modem.Candidate
+	}
+	events := make([]discoveryEvent, 0)
 	manager.mu.Lock()
 	for _, candidate := range candidates {
 		if strings.TrimSpace(candidate.ID) == "" {
@@ -218,8 +223,12 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 				candidate:  candidate,
 				discovered: true,
 			}
+			events = append(events, discoveryEvent{connected: true, candidate: candidate})
 			continue
 		}
+		if !state.discovered {
+			events = append(events, discoveryEvent{connected: true, candidate: candidate})
+		}
 		if state.candidate.ATPort.OpenPath() != candidate.ATPort.OpenPath() {
 			state.resetClientOnLock = true
 		}
@@ -231,10 +240,28 @@ func (manager *Manager) Discover(ctx context.Context) ([]Device, error) {
 		if _, ok := seen[id]; ok {
 			continue
 		}
+		if state.discovered {
+			events = append(events, discoveryEvent{candidate: state.candidate})
+		}
 		state.discovered = false
 		stale = append(stale, state)
 	}
 	manager.mu.Unlock()
+	if manager.logger != nil {
+		for _, event := range events {
+			message := "hardware disconnected"
+			if event.connected {
+				message = "hardware connected"
+			}
+			manager.logger.Info(message,
+				"event", "hardware.discovery",
+				"device_id", event.candidate.ID,
+				"hardware_kind", event.candidate.HardwareKind,
+				"vendor_id", event.candidate.VendorID,
+				"product_id", event.candidate.ProductID,
+			)
+		}
+	}
 
 	for _, state := range stale {
 		state.opMu.Lock()
@@ -382,6 +409,11 @@ func (manager *Manager) setResult(
 		return
 	}
 	previousError := state.lastError
+	var previousSnapshot *Snapshot
+	if state.snapshot != nil {
+		value := *state.snapshot
+		previousSnapshot = &value
+	}
 	if snapshot != nil {
 		value := *snapshot
 		value.Warnings = append([]string(nil), snapshot.Warnings...)
@@ -394,6 +426,13 @@ func (manager *Manager) setResult(
 		state.lastError = ""
 	}
 	shouldLog := err != nil && manager.logger != nil && previousError != err.Error()
+	registrationChanged := snapshot != nil && manager.logger != nil &&
+		(previousSnapshot == nil ||
+			previousSnapshot.RegistrationStatus != snapshot.RegistrationStatus ||
+			previousSnapshot.OperatorCode != snapshot.OperatorCode ||
+			previousSnapshot.AccessTech != snapshot.AccessTech ||
+			previousSnapshot.PSAttached != snapshot.PSAttached ||
+			previousSnapshot.SIMStatus != snapshot.SIMStatus)
 	backend := state.backend
 	hardwareKind := state.candidate.HardwareKind
 	manager.mu.Unlock()
@@ -406,6 +445,21 @@ func (manager *Manager) setResult(
 			"error", HardwareErrorDetail(err),
 		)
 	}
+	if registrationChanged {
+		manager.logger.Info(
+			"cellular registration state changed",
+			"category", "network",
+			"event", "network.registration",
+			"device_id", id,
+			"sim_status", snapshot.SIMStatus,
+			"registration_status", snapshot.RegistrationStatus,
+			"registration_source", snapshot.RegistrationSource,
+			"operator", snapshot.OperatorName,
+			"operator_code", snapshot.OperatorCode,
+			"access_technology", snapshot.AccessTech,
+			"packet_service_attached", snapshot.PSAttached,
+		)
+	}
 }
 
 func (manager *Manager) candidateFor(state *managedDevice) modem.Candidate {

internal/device/sms_pdu.go

@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf16"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/warthog618/sms/encoding/gsm7"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
+	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
 )
 
 var gsm7DefaultAlphabet = [128]rune{
@@ -770,14 +776,19 @@ func readTPAddress(cursor *pduCursor) (string, error) {
 	var septetCount int
 	if toa&0x70 == 0x50 {
 		// 3GPP TS 23.040 §9.1.2.5: For alphanumeric addresses, the length field
-		// indicates the number of useful semi-octets (i.e. characters * 7 / 4, rounded up).
-		// The number of characters is (length * 4) / 7 and byte count is (length + 1) / 2.
-		// However, some non-standard sources specify length as the direct count of septets
-		// (e.g. length=4 for 4 chars, which needs 4 bytes instead of (4+1)/2=2 bytes).
-		if length >= 7 {
-			byteCount = (int(length) + 1) / 2
-			septetCount = int(length) * 4 / 7
-		} else {
+		// is a count of useful semi-octets, not a character count. In particular,
+		// a three-character sender such as "OKX" has length 6. Treating every
+		// short length as a septet count consumes PID/DCS bytes as part of the
+		// address and shifts the entire TPDU, producing plausible-looking GSM-7
+		// garbage instead of the message body.
+		byteCount = (int(length) + 1) / 2
+		septetCount = int(length) * 4 / 7
+
+		// A few legacy/non-standard sources do put the character count in this
+		// field. Retain compatibility only when the standard-sized value cannot
+		// be a valid zero-padded GSM-7 address; do not guess based on its length.
+		if byteCount == 0 || cursor.index+byteCount > len(cursor.data) ||
+			!hasZeroGSM7Padding(cursor.data[cursor.index:cursor.index+byteCount], septetCount) {
 			byteCount = (int(length)*7 + 7) / 8
 			septetCount = int(length)
 		}
@@ -798,6 +809,18 @@ func readTPAddress(cursor *pduCursor) (string, error) {
 	return decodeNumericAddress(value, int(length), toa), nil
 }
 
+func hasZeroGSM7Padding(data []byte, septetCount int) bool {
+	if septetCount <= 0 || septetCount*7 > len(data)*8 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for bit := septetCount * 7; bit < len(data)*8; bit++ {
+		if data[bit/8]&(byte(1)<<uint(bit%8)) != 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func decodeNumericAddress(value []byte, digits int, toa byte) string {
 	var result strings.Builder
 	if toa&0x70 == 0x10 {
@@ -825,9 +848,9 @@ func decodeUserData(
 	udl int,
 	message *SMSMessage,
 ) error {
-	alphabet := dcs & 0x0c
+	alphabet := decodeSMSAlphabet(dcs)
 	expectedBytes := udl
-	if alphabet == 0 {
+	if alphabet == smsAlphabetGSM7 {
 		expectedBytes = (udl*7 + 7) / 8
 	}
 	if expectedBytes > len(data) {
@@ -848,8 +871,12 @@ func decodeUserData(
 		message.Concat = parseConcatHeader(data[1:headerBytes])
 	}
 
+	var header []byte
+	if headerBytes > 0 {
+		header = data[1:headerBytes]
+	}
 	switch alphabet {
-	case 0:
+	case smsAlphabetGSM7:
 		message.Encoding = SMSEncodingGSM7PDU
 		headerSeptets := 0
 		if headerBytes > 0 {
@@ -860,33 +887,228 @@ func decodeUserData(
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		text, err := decodeGSM7(septets)
+		text, err := decodeGSM7WithHeader(septets, header)
 		message.Text = text
 		return err
-	case 8:
+	case smsAlphabetUCS2:
 		message.Encoding = SMSEncodingUCS2PDU
 		payload := data[headerBytes:]
-		if len(payload)%2 != 0 {
-			return errors.New("UCS2 SMS has an odd byte count")
+		text, ok := decodeUTF16Bytes(payload)
+		if ok {
+			message.Text = text
+			return nil
 		}
-		units := make([]uint16, 0, len(payload)/2)
-		for index := 0; index < len(payload); index += 2 {
-			units = append(units, uint16(payload[index])<<8|uint16(payload[index+1]))
+		// Some gateways label UTF-8 or a local 8-bit character set as UCS-2.
+		// Only accept a fallback when it is unambiguously readable text.
+		if text, encoding, detected := decodeTextBytes(payload, header); detected {
+			message.Text = text
+			message.Encoding = encoding
+			return nil
 		}
-		message.Text = string(utf16.Decode(units))
-		return nil
+		return errors.New("UCS2 SMS has invalid UTF-16 data")
 	default:
-		// 8-bit (binary) user data has no portable text representation, so the
-		// raw payload bytes are rendered as uppercase hexadecimal after the user
-		// data header is stripped. This keeps the bubble non-empty and gives a
-		// faithful rendering of the delivered content rather than a blank "".
-		message.Encoding = SMSEncoding8BitPDU
 		payload := data[headerBytes:]
+		if text, encoding, detected := decodeTextBytes(payload, header); detected {
+			message.Text = text
+			message.Encoding = encoding
+			return nil
+		}
+		// Port-addressed or non-text 8-bit data remains hexadecimal, preserving
+		// binary SMS (WAP push, provisioning, SIM data) without lossy guessing.
+		message.Encoding = SMSEncoding8BitPDU
 		message.Text = strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload))
 		return nil
 	}
 }
 
+type smsAlphabet byte
+
+const (
+	smsAlphabetGSM7 smsAlphabet = iota
+	smsAlphabet8Bit
+	smsAlphabetUCS2
+	smsAlphabetUnknown
+)
+
+// decodeSMSAlphabet applies the complete 3GPP TS 23.038 DCS grouping rules.
+// A plain dcs&0x0c check is incorrect for message-waiting groups Cx/Dx/Ex and
+// reserved coding groups, and can silently select the wrong decoder.
+func decodeSMSAlphabet(dcs byte) smsAlphabet {
+	switch {
+	case dcs&0x80 == 0:
+		if dcs&0x20 != 0 { // GSM compression is not safely decodable here.
+			return smsAlphabetUnknown
+		}
+		switch (dcs >> 2) & 0x03 {
+		case 0:
+			return smsAlphabetGSM7
+		case 1:
+			return smsAlphabet8Bit
+		case 2:
+			return smsAlphabetUCS2
+		default:
+			return smsAlphabetUnknown
+		}
+	case dcs&0xe0 == 0xc0: // Cx and Dx message-waiting groups use GSM-7.
+		return smsAlphabetGSM7
+	case dcs&0xf0 == 0xe0: // Ex message-waiting group uses UCS-2.
+		return smsAlphabetUCS2
+	case dcs&0xf0 == 0xf0:
+		if dcs&0x04 != 0 {
+			return smsAlphabet8Bit
+		}
+		return smsAlphabetGSM7
+	default:
+		return smsAlphabetUnknown
+	}
+}
+
+func decodeGSM7WithHeader(septets, header []byte) (string, error) {
+	locking, hasLocking := userDataHeaderLanguage(header, 0x25)
+	shift, hasShift := userDataHeaderLanguage(header, 0x24)
+	if !hasLocking && !hasShift {
+		return decodeGSM7(septets)
+	}
+	options := make([]gsm7.DecoderOption, 0, 2)
+	if hasLocking {
+		options = append(options, gsm7.WithCharset(locking))
+	}
+	if hasShift {
+		options = append(options, gsm7.WithExtCharset(shift))
+	}
+	decoded, err := gsm7.Decode(septets, options...)
+	return string(decoded), err
+}
+
+func userDataHeaderLanguage(header []byte, identifier byte) (int, bool) {
+	for index := 0; index+1 < len(header); {
+		id := header[index]
+		length := int(header[index+1])
+		index += 2
+		if index+length > len(header) {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		if id == identifier && length == 1 {
+			return int(header[index]), true
+		}
+		index += length
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+func decodeUTF16Bytes(payload []byte) (string, bool) {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return "", true
+	}
+	if len(payload)%2 != 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	littleEndian := len(payload) >= 2 && payload[0] == 0xff && payload[1] == 0xfe
+	if (payload[0] == 0xfe && payload[1] == 0xff) || littleEndian {
+		payload = payload[2:]
+	}
+	units := make([]uint16, 0, len(payload)/2)
+	for index := 0; index < len(payload); index += 2 {
+		unit := uint16(payload[index])<<8 | uint16(payload[index+1])
+		if littleEndian {
+			unit = uint16(payload[index+1])<<8 | uint16(payload[index])
+		}
+		units = append(units, unit)
+	}
+	text := string(utf16.Decode(units))
+	return text, !strings.ContainsRune(text, unicode.ReplacementChar) && readableText(text)
+}
+
+func decodeTextBytes(payload, header []byte) (string, SMSEncoding, bool) {
+	if hasApplicationPortAddressing(header) || len(payload) == 0 {
+		return "", SMSEncoding8BitPDU, false
+	}
+	if len(payload) >= 2 && ((payload[0] == 0xfe && payload[1] == 0xff) ||
+		(payload[0] == 0xff && payload[1] == 0xfe)) {
+		if text, ok := decodeUTF16Bytes(payload); ok {
+			return text, SMSEncodingUCS2PDU, true
+		}
+	}
+	if utf8.Valid(payload) {
+		text := string(payload)
+		if readableText(text) {
+			return text, SMSEncodingUTF8PDU, true
+		}
+	}
+	if containsNonASCII(payload) {
+		decoded, _, err := transform.Bytes(simplifiedchinese.GB18030.NewDecoder(), payload)
+		text := string(decoded)
+		if err == nil && strings.ContainsFunc(text, func(character rune) bool {
+			return unicode.Is(unicode.Han, character)
+		}) && readableText(text) {
+			return text, SMSEncodingGB18030, true
+		}
+	}
+	if text, ok := decodeLatin1Text(payload); ok {
+		return text, SMSEncodingLatin1, true
+	}
+	return "", SMSEncoding8BitPDU, false
+}
+
+func readableText(text string) bool {
+	if text == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	printable, total := 0, 0
+	for _, character := range text {
+		total++
+		if unicode.IsPrint(character) || character == '\n' || character == '\r' || character == '\t' {
+			printable++
+		}
+	}
+	return printable*100 >= total*90
+}
+
+func containsNonASCII(data []byte) bool {
+	for _, value := range data {
+		if value >= utf8.RuneSelf {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func decodeLatin1Text(payload []byte) (string, bool) {
+	characters := make([]rune, 0, len(payload))
+	ascii := 0
+	for _, value := range payload {
+		switch {
+		case value == '\n' || value == '\r' || value == '\t' || value >= 0x20 && value <= 0x7e:
+			ascii++
+		case value >= 0xa0:
+		default:
+			return "", false
+		}
+		characters = append(characters, rune(value))
+	}
+	if ascii == 0 || ascii*2 < len(payload) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	text := string(characters)
+	return text, readableText(text)
+}
+
+func hasApplicationPortAddressing(header []byte) bool {
+	for index := 0; index+1 < len(header); {
+		identifier := header[index]
+		length := int(header[index+1])
+		index += 2
+		if index+length > len(header) {
+			return true
+		}
+		if (identifier == 0x04 && length == 2) || (identifier == 0x05 && length == 4) {
+			return true
+		}
+		index += length
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func parseConcatHeader(header []byte) *SMSConcatInfo {
 	for index := 0; index+1 < len(header); {
 		identifier := header[index]

internal/device/sms_pdu_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package device
 
 import (
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -323,6 +324,35 @@ func TestDecodeDeliverPDUWithAlphanumericSender(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDecodeDeliverPDUWithShortStandardAlphanumericSender(t *testing.T) {
+	// TP-OA length is expressed in useful semi-octets. The three-character
+	// sender "OKX" therefore has length 6, even though it contains 3 septets.
+	// A previous short-address heuristic interpreted 6 as the character count
+	// and swallowed PID, DCS, and timestamp bytes into the sender address.
+	text := "Your OKX verification code is: 123456"
+	textSeptets, ok := encodeGSM7(text)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("test text is not GSM-7 encodable")
+	}
+	pdu := []byte{0x00, 0x04, 0x06, 0xd0}
+	pdu = append(pdu, packSeptets([]byte{'O', 'K', 'X'}, 0)...)
+	pdu = append(pdu,
+		0x00, 0x00, // PID and GSM-7 DCS.
+		0x62, 0x80, 0x20, 0x91, 0x40, 0x95, 0x00, // 2026-08-02 19:04:59 UTC.
+		byte(len(textSeptets)),
+	)
+	pdu = append(pdu, packSeptets(textSeptets, 0)...)
+
+	message, err := decodeSMSPDU(hex.EncodeToString(pdu))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode short alphanumeric sender: %v", err)
+	}
+	if message.From != "OKX" || message.Text != text ||
+		message.Encoding != SMSEncodingGSM7PDU || message.DataCodingScheme != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDecode8BitPDUShowsHexPayload(t *testing.T) {
 	// SMS-DELIVER with no SMSC, from +12345, DCS=0xF5 (8-bit data,
 	// alphabet bits 0x0c), UDL=3. User data bytes are 0xAA 0xBB 0xCC.
@@ -340,3 +370,87 @@ func TestDecode8BitPDUShowsHexPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("8-bit message = %#v", message)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDecodeUserDataUnderstandsDCSGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	septets, ok := encodeGSM7("HELLO")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("encode GSM-7 test text")
+	}
+	packed := packSeptets(septets, 0)
+	for _, dcs := range []byte{0x00, 0xc8, 0xd0, 0xf0} {
+		message := SMSMessage{}
+		if err := decodeUserData(packed, 0, dcs, len(septets), &message); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode DCS 0x%02X: %v", dcs, err)
+		}
+		if message.Text != "HELLO" || message.Encoding != SMSEncodingGSM7PDU {
+			t.Fatalf("DCS 0x%02X message = %#v", dcs, message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	ucs2 := []byte{0x4f, 0x60, 0x59, 0x7d}
+	for _, dcs := range []byte{0x08, 0xe0} {
+		message := SMSMessage{}
+		if err := decodeUserData(ucs2, 0, dcs, len(ucs2), &message); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode DCS 0x%02X: %v", dcs, err)
+		}
+		if message.Text != "你好" || message.Encoding != SMSEncodingUCS2PDU {
+			t.Fatalf("DCS 0x%02X message = %#v", dcs, message)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeGSM7NationalLanguageTables(t *testing.T) {
+	// National language locking shift IEI 0x25, Turkish table 1. In that
+	// locking table septet 0x07 is the dotless i (ı), rather than default ì.
+	header := []byte{0x03, 0x25, 0x01, 0x01}
+	headerSeptets := (len(header)*8 + 6) / 7
+	data := packSeptets([]byte{0x07}, headerSeptets*7)
+	copy(data, header)
+
+	message := SMSMessage{}
+	if err := decodeUserData(data, 0x40, 0x00, headerSeptets+1, &message); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode Turkish locking table: %v", err)
+	}
+	if message.Text != "ı" || message.Encoding != SMSEncodingGSM7PDU {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode8BitTextEncodingsAndPreservesBinary(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		payload  []byte
+		wantText string
+		encoding SMSEncoding
+	}{
+		{name: "UTF-8", payload: []byte("验证码 123456"), wantText: "验证码 123456", encoding: SMSEncodingUTF8PDU},
+		{name: "GB18030", payload: []byte{0xd1, 0xe9, 0xd6, 0xa4, 0xc2, 0xeb}, wantText: "验证码", encoding: SMSEncodingGB18030},
+		{name: "Latin-1", payload: []byte{'C', 'a', 'f', 0xe9}, wantText: "Café", encoding: SMSEncodingLatin1},
+		{name: "binary", payload: []byte{0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc}, wantText: "AABBCC", encoding: SMSEncoding8BitPDU},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			message := SMSMessage{}
+			if err := decodeUserData(test.payload, 0, 0x04, len(test.payload), &message); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+			}
+			if message.Text != test.wantText || message.Encoding != test.encoding {
+				t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodePortAddressed8BitSMSRemainsBinary(t *testing.T) {
+	header := []byte{0x04, 0x04, 0x02, 0x0b, 0x84}
+	data := append(append([]byte(nil), header...), []byte("plain-looking payload")...)
+	message := SMSMessage{}
+	if err := decodeUserData(data, 0x40, 0x04, len(data), &message); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	payload := data[len(header):]
+	if message.Text != strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(payload)) ||
+		message.Encoding != SMSEncoding8BitPDU {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %#v", message)
+	}
+}

internal/device/types.go

@@ -146,6 +146,9 @@ const (
 	SMSEncodingGSM7Text SMSEncoding = "gsm7_text"
 	SMSEncodingGSM7PDU  SMSEncoding = "gsm7_pdu"
 	SMSEncodingUCS2PDU  SMSEncoding = "ucs2_pdu"
+	SMSEncodingUTF8PDU  SMSEncoding = "utf8_pdu"
+	SMSEncodingGB18030  SMSEncoding = "gb18030_pdu"
+	SMSEncodingLatin1   SMSEncoding = "latin1_pdu"
 	SMSEncoding8BitPDU  SMSEncoding = "8bit_pdu"
 	SMSEncodingUnknown  SMSEncoding = "unknown"
 )

internal/device/vowifi_qmi.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/iniwex5/quectel-qmi-go/pkg/qmi"
 )
 
 func (manager *Manager) withNativeQMIVoWiFiSession(ctx context.Context, id string, fn func(nativeQMIVoWiFiSession) error) error {
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ func (manager *Manager) ProbeNativeQMIApplication(ctx context.Context, id, prefe
 
 func (manager *Manager) AuthenticateNativeQMI(ctx context.Context, id string, aid, apdu []byte) (response []byte, err error) {
 	err = manager.withNativeQMIVoWiFiSession(ctx, id, func(session nativeQMIVoWiFiSession) error {
-		channel, openErr := session.OpenLogicalChannel(ctx, 1, aid)
+		channel, openErr := openNativeQMIChannelWithRecovery(ctx, session, 1, aid)
 		if openErr != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("open QMI UIM logical channel: %w", openErr)
 		}
@@ -102,6 +104,60 @@ func (manager *Manager) AuthenticateNativeQMI(ctx context.Context, id string, ai
 	return
 }
 
+type nativeQMIChannelRecoverySession interface {
+	OpenLogicalChannel(context.Context, uint8, []byte) (byte, error)
+	PowerOffSIM(context.Context, uint8) error
+	PowerOnSIM(context.Context, uint8) error
+}
+
+// OpenStick 410 can leave the physical UICC powered but unable to allocate a
+// logical channel after a SIM hot-swap. A UIM service reset alone does not
+// clear that state; cycling the affected physical slot does. Recover only the
+// precise QMI InsufficientResources response, then retry the original AID once.
+func openNativeQMIChannelWithRecovery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	session nativeQMIChannelRecoverySession,
+	slot uint8,
+	aid []byte,
+) (byte, error) {
+	channel, err := session.OpenLogicalChannel(ctx, slot, aid)
+	if err == nil || !isQMIInsufficientResources(err) {
+		return channel, err
+	}
+	if resetter, ok := session.(nativeQMIUIMResetSession); ok {
+		_ = resetter.ResetUIM(ctx)
+	}
+	if powerErr := session.PowerOffSIM(ctx, slot); powerErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("power off QMI UIM slot %d: %w", slot, powerErr))
+	}
+	if waitErr := waitNativeQMIRecovery(ctx, 3*time.Second); waitErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, waitErr)
+	}
+	if powerErr := session.PowerOnSIM(ctx, slot); powerErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("power on QMI UIM slot %d: %w", slot, powerErr))
+	}
+	if waitErr := waitNativeQMIRecovery(ctx, 5*time.Second); waitErr != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Join(err, waitErr)
+	}
+	return session.OpenLogicalChannel(ctx, slot, aid)
+}
+
+func isQMIInsufficientResources(err error) bool {
+	qmiErr := qmi.GetQMIError(err)
+	return qmiErr != nil && qmiErr.Service == qmi.ServiceUIM && qmiErr.ErrorCode == 0x0044
+}
+
+var waitNativeQMIRecovery = func(ctx context.Context, delay time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 func (manager *Manager) NativeQMIRadioSnapshot(ctx context.Context, id string) (mode int, psAttached bool, err error) {
 	err = manager.withNativeQMIVoWiFiSession(ctx, id, func(session nativeQMIVoWiFiSession) error {
 		qmiMode, modeErr := session.GetOperatingMode(ctx)

internal/loghub/hub.go

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-// Entry is the stable, secret-neutral representation exposed by the log API.
-// Callers remain responsible for never adding credentials or keying material
-// to slog attributes.
+// Entry is the stable, centrally-redacted representation exposed by the log
+// API. The Hub sanitizes both the downstream handler and the captured entry so
+// diagnostic logs can be safely exported by users.
 type Entry struct {
 	Time    time.Time      `json:"time"`
 	Level   string         `json:"level"`
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ func (h *Hub) Enabled(ctx context.Context, level slog.Level) bool {
 }
 
 func (h *Hub) Handle(ctx context.Context, record slog.Record) error {
+	record = sanitizeRecord(record)
 	err := h.next.Handle(ctx, record)
 	fields := make(map[string]any)
 	for _, attr := range h.attrs {
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ func (h *Hub) Handle(ctx context.Context, record slog.Record) error {
 }
 
 func (h *Hub) WithAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) slog.Handler {
+	attrs = sanitizeAttrs(attrs)
 	nextAttrs := append(append([]slog.Attr(nil), h.attrs...), attrs...)
 	return &Hub{
 		next:   h.next.WithAttrs(attrs),
@@ -180,6 +182,24 @@ func (h *Hub) Subscribe(buffer int) (<-chan Entry, func()) {
 	return channel, cancel
 }
 
+// Clear drops captured history and every entry currently queued for live and
+// persistence subscribers. Subscribers stay connected for future events.
+func (h *Hub) Clear() {
+	h.core.mu.Lock()
+	h.core.entries = h.core.entries[:0]
+	for _, subscriber := range h.core.subscribers {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-subscriber:
+				continue
+			default:
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	h.core.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
 func appendAttribute(fields map[string]any, groups []string, attr slog.Attr) {
 	attr.Value = attr.Value.Resolve()
 	if attr.Equal(slog.Attr{}) {

internal/loghub/hub_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package loghub
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -29,6 +32,51 @@ func TestHubHistoryFiltersAndBounds(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHubRedactsDownstreamAndHistoryAndPreservesErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	hub := New(slog.NewJSONHandler(&output, nil), 100)
+	logger := slog.New(hub).With("imsi", "234159611634973")
+	logger.Warn(
+		"delivery to +447700900123 failed",
+		"iccid", "8944101234567890123",
+		"peer", "+447700900456",
+		"error", errors.New("modem rejected MSISDN=447700900789 with +CMS ERROR: 305"),
+	)
+
+	entry := hub.History(1, slog.LevelDebug, "")[0]
+	if strings.Contains(entry.Message, "447700900123") {
+		t.Fatalf("message was not redacted: %q", entry.Message)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"imsi", "iccid", "peer"} {
+		if value := entry.Fields[key]; !strings.Contains(value.(string), "REDACTED") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s = %#v, want redacted", key, value)
+		}
+	}
+	errorText, ok := entry.Fields["error"].(string)
+	if !ok || !strings.Contains(errorText, "+CMS ERROR: 305") || strings.Contains(errorText, "447700900789") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %#v, want original modem error with identity redacted", entry.Fields["error"])
+	}
+	if raw := output.String(); strings.Contains(raw, "234159611634973") || strings.Contains(raw, "447700900") {
+		t.Fatalf("downstream output leaked an identity: %s", raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeEntryProtectsLegacyNestedFields(t *testing.T) {
+	entry := SanitizeEntry(Entry{
+		Message: "incoming SIP from sip:[email protected]",
+		Fields: map[string]any{
+			"details": map[string]any{"associated_number": "+447700900456", "status": "registered"},
+		},
+	})
+	if strings.Contains(entry.Message, "447700900123") {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q", entry.Message)
+	}
+	details := entry.Fields["details"].(map[string]any)
+	if strings.Contains(details["associated_number"].(string), "447700900456") {
+		t.Fatalf("nested field leaked: %#v", details)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHubSubscription(t *testing.T) {
 	hub := New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
 	entries, cancel := hub.Subscribe(1)
@@ -47,3 +95,29 @@ func TestHubSubscription(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for log entry")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHubClearDropsHistoryAndQueuedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	hub := New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
+	entries, cancel := hub.Subscribe(4)
+	defer cancel()
+	logger := slog.New(hub)
+	logger.Info("before clear")
+	hub.Clear()
+	if history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("history after Clear = %#v", history)
+	}
+	select {
+	case entry := <-entries:
+		t.Fatalf("queued entry survived Clear: %#v", entry)
+	default:
+	}
+	logger.Info("after clear")
+	select {
+	case entry := <-entries:
+		if entry.Message != "after clear" {
+			t.Fatalf("entry = %#v", entry)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("subscriber did not remain active after Clear")
+	}
+}

internal/loghub/redact.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package loghub
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+var (
+	sipIdentityPattern        = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(sips?|tel):([^@;>,\s]+)(@[^;>,\s]+)?`)
+	internationalPhonePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`(?:\+|00)[0-9][0-9 ()-]{5,}[0-9]`)
+	longDigitsPattern         = regexp.MustCompile(`\b[0-9]{7,22}\b`)
+	labeledIdentityPattern    = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(iccid|imsi|msisdn|imei|eid)\s*([=:])\s*([a-z0-9+_-]{7,})`)
+)
+
+// IsHTTPAccessEntry identifies legacy request-traffic entries. Access traffic
+// is intentionally excluded from the user diagnostic log surface.
+func IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry Entry) bool {
+	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(entry.Message), "http request") {
+		return true
+	}
+	category, _ := entry.Fields["category"].(string)
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(category), "http_access")
+}
+
+// SanitizeEntry also protects records that were persisted by an older build
+// before central redaction was introduced.
+func SanitizeEntry(entry Entry) Entry {
+	entry.Message = RedactString(entry.Message)
+	entry.Caller = RedactString(entry.Caller)
+	if entry.Fields != nil {
+		entry.Fields = sanitizeMap(entry.Fields)
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
+// RedactString masks common telecom identities while retaining enough of the
+// suffix to correlate repeated events in an exported diagnostic log.
+func RedactString(value string) string {
+	if value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	value = labeledIdentityPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, func(match string) string {
+		parts := labeledIdentityPattern.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		return parts[1] + parts[2] + maskToken(parts[3])
+	})
+	value = sipIdentityPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, func(match string) string {
+		parts := sipIdentityPattern.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		domain := parts[3]
+		return parts[1] + ":" + maskToken(parts[2]) + domain
+	})
+	value = internationalPhonePattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, maskToken)
+	return longDigitsPattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, maskToken)
+}
+
+func sanitizeRecord(record slog.Record) slog.Record {
+	clean := slog.NewRecord(record.Time, record.Level, RedactString(record.Message), record.PC)
+	record.Attrs(func(attr slog.Attr) bool {
+		clean.AddAttrs(sanitizeAttr(attr))
+		return true
+	})
+	return clean
+}
+
+func sanitizeAttrs(attrs []slog.Attr) []slog.Attr {
+	clean := make([]slog.Attr, 0, len(attrs))
+	for _, attr := range attrs {
+		clean = append(clean, sanitizeAttr(attr))
+	}
+	return clean
+}
+
+func sanitizeAttr(attr slog.Attr) slog.Attr {
+	attr.Value = attr.Value.Resolve()
+	if attr.Equal(slog.Attr{}) {
+		return attr
+	}
+	if sensitiveKey(attr.Key) {
+		return slog.String(attr.Key, maskToken(valueText(attr.Value.Any())))
+	}
+	if attr.Value.Kind() == slog.KindGroup {
+		children := attr.Value.Group()
+		return slog.Group(attr.Key, attrsToAny(sanitizeAttrs(children))...)
+	}
+	switch attr.Value.Kind() {
+	case slog.KindString:
+		return slog.String(attr.Key, RedactString(attr.Value.String()))
+	case slog.KindAny:
+		return slog.Any(attr.Key, sanitizeAny(attr.Value.Any(), attr.Key))
+	default:
+		return attr
+	}
+}
+
+func attrsToAny(attrs []slog.Attr) []any {
+	values := make([]any, len(attrs))
+	for index := range attrs {
+		values[index] = attrs[index]
+	}
+	return values
+}
+
+func sanitizeAny(value any, key string) any {
+	if value == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if sensitiveKey(key) {
+		return maskToken(valueText(value))
+	}
+	switch typed := value.(type) {
+	case error:
+		return RedactString(typed.Error())
+	case string:
+		return RedactString(typed)
+	case []byte:
+		return RedactString(string(typed))
+	case json.RawMessage:
+		var decoded any
+		if json.Unmarshal(typed, &decoded) == nil {
+			return sanitizeAny(decoded, key)
+		}
+		return RedactString(string(typed))
+	case map[string]any:
+		return sanitizeMap(typed)
+	case []any:
+		result := make([]any, len(typed))
+		for index := range typed {
+			result[index] = sanitizeAny(typed[index], key)
+		}
+		return result
+	case time.Time, time.Duration:
+		return value
+	}
+
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+	if rv.IsValid() && (rv.Kind() == reflect.Map || rv.Kind() == reflect.Slice || rv.Kind() == reflect.Array || rv.Kind() == reflect.Struct || rv.Kind() == reflect.Pointer) {
+		if raw, err := json.Marshal(value); err == nil {
+			var decoded any
+			if json.Unmarshal(raw, &decoded) == nil {
+				return sanitizeAny(decoded, key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if stringer, ok := value.(fmt.Stringer); ok {
+		return RedactString(stringer.String())
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func sanitizeMap(source map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	result := make(map[string]any, len(source))
+	for key, value := range source {
+		result[key] = sanitizeAny(value, key)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func sensitiveKey(key string) bool {
+	normalized := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
+		if unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r) {
+			return unicode.ToLower(r)
+		}
+		return -1
+	}, key)
+	if strings.Contains(normalized, "password") || strings.Contains(normalized, "passwd") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "secret") || strings.Contains(normalized, "token") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "cookie") || strings.Contains(normalized, "authorization") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "privateidentity") || strings.Contains(normalized, "publicidentity") ||
+		strings.Contains(normalized, "associatednumber") || strings.Contains(normalized, "sipuri") {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch normalized {
+	case "iccid", "imsi", "imei", "eid", "supi", "suci", "msisdn", "phone", "phonenumber",
+		"number", "caller", "called", "callee", "recipient", "peer", "from", "to":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func valueText(value any) string {
+	if value == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if err, ok := value.(error); ok {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprint(value)
+}
+
+func maskToken(value string) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return "[REDACTED]"
+	}
+	runes := []rune(value)
+	digits := make([]rune, 0, 4)
+	for index := len(runes) - 1; index >= 0 && len(digits) < 4; index-- {
+		if unicode.IsDigit(runes[index]) {
+			digits = append(digits, runes[index])
+		}
+	}
+	if len(digits) == 0 {
+		return "[REDACTED]"
+	}
+	for left, right := 0, len(digits)-1; left < right; left, right = left+1, right-1 {
+		digits[left], digits[right] = digits[right], digits[left]
+	}
+	return "[REDACTED:" + string(digits) + "]"
+}

internal/server/audit.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -21,6 +22,20 @@ func (s *Server) recordAudit(
 	outcome string,
 	remoteAddr string,
 ) {
+	level := slog.LevelInfo
+	if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(outcome), "success") {
+		level = slog.LevelWarn
+	}
+	if s.logger != nil {
+		s.logger.Log(ctx, level, "user operation",
+			"category", auditLogCategory(action),
+			"event", action,
+			"actor", actor,
+			"entity_type", entityType,
+			"entity_id", entityID,
+			"outcome", outcome,
+		)
+	}
 	if s.store == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -34,7 +49,24 @@ func (s *Server) recordAudit(
 		CreatedAt:  time.Now().UTC(),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("write audit event failed", "action", action, "error", err)
+		s.logger.Warn("write audit event failed", "category", "system", "action", action, "raw_error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func auditLogCategory(action string) string {
+	action = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(action))
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(action, ".sms") || strings.HasPrefix(action, "sms."):
+		return "sms"
+	case strings.Contains(action, ".call") || strings.HasPrefix(action, "call."):
+		return "call"
+	case strings.Contains(action, "vowifi") || strings.Contains(action, "ims"):
+		return "vowifi"
+	case strings.Contains(action, "device") || strings.Contains(action, "esim") ||
+		strings.Contains(action, ".at.") || strings.Contains(action, ".ussd"):
+		return "hardware"
+	default:
+		return "operation"
 	}
 }
 

internal/server/call_api.go

@@ -130,6 +130,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleCallAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config
 			}
 		}
 		if err != nil {
+			s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi call operation failed",
+				"category", "call", "event", "call."+action,
+				"device_id", config.ID, "number", number, "call_id", callID,
+				"transport", transport, "raw_error", err,
+			)
 			writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "vowifi_call_failed", err.Error())
 			return true
 		}
@@ -156,6 +161,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleCallAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config
 		return true
 	}
 	if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(response.Final), "OK") {
+		s.logger.Warn("cellular call operation rejected",
+			"category", "call", "event", "call."+action,
+			"device_id", config.ID, "number", number, "transport", transport,
+			"modem_final", response.Final, "raw_response", response.Text(),
+		)
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "call_rejected", "modem did not accept the call action")
 		return true
 	}

internal/server/call_notifications.go

@@ -98,11 +98,21 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyIncomingCall(ctx context.Context, notification IncomingCa
 	if notification.Time.IsZero() {
 		notification.Time = time.Now().UTC()
 	}
+	if s.logger != nil {
+		s.logger.Info("incoming call detected",
+			"category", "call",
+			"event", "call.incoming",
+			"device_id", notification.DeviceID,
+			"caller", notification.Caller,
+			"called", notification.Called,
+			"transport", notification.Environment,
+		)
+	}
 
 	dedupKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", notification.DeviceID, notification.Caller)
 	if shouldSuppressDuplicateCall(dedupKey, notification.Time, callDeduplicationWindow) {
 		if s.logger != nil {
-			s.logger.Debug("suppressed duplicate incoming call notification", "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller)
+			s.logger.Debug("suppressed duplicate incoming call notification", "category", "call", "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -137,7 +147,7 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyIncomingCall(ctx context.Context, notification IncomingCa
 		}
 		if err := sendCallNotification(destCtx, channel, config, notification); err != nil {
 			if s.logger != nil {
-				s.logger.Warn("send incoming call notification", "channel", channel, "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller, "error", err)
+				s.logger.Warn("send incoming call notification", "category", "call", "channel", channel, "device_id", notification.DeviceID, "caller", notification.Caller, "raw_error", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -315,11 +325,7 @@ func (s *Server) pollCellularCalls(ctx context.Context) {
 		}
 		calls := parseCLCC(response)
 		for _, call := range calls {
-			direction, _ := call["direction"].(int)
-			state, _ := call["state"].(int)
-			// direction 1 = incoming (Mobile Terminated)
-			// state 4 = incoming/ringing, 5 = waiting, 0 = active, 3 = alerting
-			if direction == 1 && (state == 4 || state == 5 || state == 0 || state == 3) {
+			if isIncomingVoiceCLCC(call) {
 				caller, _ := call["number"].(string)
 				if caller == "" {
 					caller = "未知号码"
@@ -341,3 +347,13 @@ func (s *Server) pollCellularCalls(ctx context.Context) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func isIncomingVoiceCLCC(call map[string]any) bool {
+	direction, _ := call["direction"].(int)
+	state, _ := call["state"].(int)
+	mode, _ := call["mode"].(int)
+	// direction 1 = incoming (Mobile Terminated)
+	// mode 0 = voice; some modems also expose packet-data sessions as CLCC mode 1
+	// state 4 = incoming/ringing, 5 = waiting, 0 = active, 3 = alerting
+	return direction == 1 && mode == 0 && (state == 4 || state == 5 || state == 0 || state == 3)
+}

internal/server/call_notifications_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"vocat/internal/modem"
 )
 
 func TestIncomingCallNotificationTextFormatting(t *testing.T) {
@@ -61,6 +63,56 @@ func TestIncomingCallDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestIncomingVoiceCLCCIgnoresDataSessions(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		call map[string]any
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "incoming voice ringing",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 1, "state": 4, "mode": 0},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "incoming voice active",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 1, "state": 0, "mode": 0},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "incoming packet data active",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 1, "state": 0, "mode": 1},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "outgoing voice alerting",
+			call: map[string]any{"direction": 0, "state": 3, "mode": 0},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isIncomingVoiceCLCC(test.call); got != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("isIncomingVoiceCLCC() = %v, want %v", got, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// EC20/EC25 firmware may expose an active packet-data session in CLCC.
+	// It must not be treated as an incoming voice call.
+	dataCalls := parseCLCC(modem.Response{
+		Lines: []string{`+CLCC: 1,1,0,1,0,"",128`},
+		Final: "OK",
+	})
+	if len(dataCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("parseCLCC() returned %d data calls, want 1", len(dataCalls))
+	}
+	if isIncomingVoiceCLCC(dataCalls[0]) {
+		t.Fatal("active packet-data CLCC record was treated as an incoming voice call")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRenderCallWebhookTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	now := time.Date(2026, 8, 20, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 	message := IncomingCallNotification{

internal/server/device_api.go

@@ -1002,6 +1002,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleVoWiFiReconnect(
 }
 
 func (s *Server) writeVoWiFiError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi operation failed",
+		"category", "vowifi",
+		"event", "vowifi.operation_failed",
+		"raw_error", err,
+	)
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, vowifiruntime.ErrNotRegistered):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "vowifi_device_unavailable", "the configured device has no VoWiFi runtime")
@@ -1012,7 +1017,6 @@ func (s *Server) writeVoWiFiError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	case errors.Is(err, vowifi.ErrNotRunning):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "vowifi_not_running", "VoWiFi is not running")
 	default:
-		s.logger.Warn("VoWiFi action rejected", "error", err)
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "vowifi_error", err.Error())
 	}
 }
@@ -1070,6 +1074,13 @@ func (s *Server) handleAT(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, id string) boo
 				text += "\n"
 			}
 			text += commandErr.Final
+			s.logger.Warn("AT command rejected by modem",
+				"category", "hardware",
+				"event", "hardware.at_rejected",
+				"device_id", id,
+				"modem_final", commandErr.Final,
+				"raw_response", text,
+			)
 			writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
 				"data": map[string]any{
 					"response":    text,
@@ -1509,6 +1520,11 @@ func (s *Server) requirePhysicalDevice(w http.ResponseWriter, present bool) bool
 }
 
 func (s *Server) writeDeviceError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	s.logger.Warn("hardware operation failed",
+		"category", "hardware",
+		"event", "hardware.operation_failed",
+		"raw_error", device.HardwareErrorDetail(err),
+	)
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, device.ErrNotFound):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "device_not_found", "device was not found or is no longer present")
@@ -1547,9 +1563,6 @@ func (s *Server) writeDeviceError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusRequestTimeout, "request_canceled", "the modem request was canceled")
 	default:
-		// Preserve the hardware failure reason in the operator-visible log while
-		// keeping AT payloads and long APDU material out of it.
-		s.logger.Warn("device operation failed", "error", device.HardwareErrorDetail(err))
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "modem_error", "the device operation failed")
 	}
 }

internal/server/general_api.go

@@ -152,7 +152,24 @@ func (s *Server) writeUIPreferences(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) handleLogHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if !requireMethod(w, r, http.MethodGet) {
+	if r.Method == http.MethodDelete {
+		clearedAt := time.Now().UTC()
+		if s.logs != nil {
+			s.logs.Clear()
+		}
+		deleted, err := s.store.ClearLogEvents(r.Context(), clearedAt)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+			"data": map[string]any{"cleared": true, "deleted": deleted},
+		})
+		return
+	}
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET, DELETE")
+		writeError(w, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "method_not_allowed", "method not allowed")
 		return
 	}
 	limit, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("lines"))
@@ -170,7 +187,9 @@ func (s *Server) handleLogHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// backs the live stream).
 	entries := []loghub.Entry{}
 	if s.store != nil {
-		events, err := s.store.ListLogEvents(r.Context(), store.LogFilter{Limit: limit})
+		events, err := s.store.ListLogEvents(r.Context(), store.LogFilter{
+			Limit: limit, ExcludeMessage: "http request",
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			s.writeStoreError(w, err)
 			return
@@ -179,11 +198,17 @@ func (s *Server) handleLogHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			if storedLogLevel(event.Level) < minimum {
 				continue
 			}
-			entry := storedLogToEntry(event)
+			entry := loghub.SanitizeEntry(storedLogToEntry(event))
+			if loghub.IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if search != "" && !storedLogContains(entry, search) {
 				continue
 			}
 			entries = append(entries, entry)
+			if len(entries) == limit {
+				break
+			}
 		}
 		// ListLogEvents is newest-first; present chronologically.
 		for i, j := 0, len(entries)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
@@ -283,7 +308,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleLogStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			if !ok {
 				return
 			}
-			if logLevel(entry.Level) < minimum {
+			entry = loghub.SanitizeEntry(entry)
+			if loghub.IsHTTPAccessEntry(entry) || logLevel(entry.Level) < minimum {
 				continue
 			}
 			if _, err := w.Write([]byte("event: log\ndata: ")); err != nil {
@@ -308,7 +334,7 @@ func logLevel(value string) slog.Level {
 		return slog.LevelError
 	case "warn", "warning":
 		return slog.LevelWarn
-	case "debug":
+	case "debug", "all", "":
 		return slog.LevelDebug
 	default:
 		return slog.LevelInfo

internal/server/log_clear_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"vocat/internal/loghub"
+	"vocat/internal/store"
+)
+
+func TestHandleLogHistoryDeleteClearsMemoryAndDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	server := newSettingsTestServer(t)
+	hub := loghub.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
+	server.logs = hub
+	server.logger = slog.New(hub)
+	server.logger.Info("memory log")
+	if _, err := server.store.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), store.LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "persisted log",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	request := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/logs/history", nil)
+	server.handleLogHistory(recorder, request)
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", recorder.Code, recorder.Body.String())
+	}
+	if history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("memory history after clear = %#v", history)
+	}
+	count, err := server.store.CountLogEvents(context.Background())
+	if err != nil || count != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("persisted count after clear = %d, %v", count, err)
+	}
+}

internal/server/logging_api.go

@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ func parseLoggingConfig(config loggingConfig) (loggingConfig, error) {
 	if config.Count < 1 {
 		config.Count = 10000
 	}
+	if config.Count > store.MaxLogEvents {
+		config.Count = store.MaxLogEvents
+	}
 	if config.Days < 1 {
 		config.Days = 30
 	}
 	return config, nil
 }
 
-// loadLoggingConfig reads the persisted retention policy, defaulting to unlimited.
+// loadLoggingConfig reads the persisted retention policy. "unlimited" means
+// no user-selected limit below the global 10,000-row hard ceiling.
 func (s *Server) loadLoggingConfig(ctx context.Context) loggingConfig {
 	config := defaultLoggingConfig()
 	setting, err := s.store.AppSetting(ctx, loggingSettingKey)
@@ -64,13 +68,17 @@ func (s *Server) applyLogRetention(ctx context.Context) error {
 	switch config.Mode {
 	case "days":
 		cutoff := time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Duration(config.Days) * 24 * time.Hour)
-		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEvents(ctx, cutoff)
+		if _, err := s.store.PruneLogEvents(ctx, cutoff); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx, store.MaxLogEvents)
 		return err
 	case "count":
 		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx, config.Count)
 		return err
 	default:
-		return nil
+		_, err := s.store.PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx, store.MaxLogEvents)
+		return err
 	}
 }
 
@@ -116,6 +124,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleLoggingSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				"count":       config.Count,
 				"days":        config.Days,
 				"stored_logs": stored,
+				"max_logs":    store.MaxLogEvents,
 			},
 		})
 	case http.MethodPut:
@@ -152,6 +161,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleLoggingSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				"count":       config.Count,
 				"days":        config.Days,
 				"stored_logs": stored,
+				"max_logs":    store.MaxLogEvents,
 			},
 		})
 	default:

internal/server/security_settings_test.go

@@ -199,6 +199,16 @@ func TestHandleLoggingSettingsRoundTripAndEnforceCount(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestLoggingCountIsClampedToHardLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	config, err := parseLoggingConfig(loggingConfig{Mode: "count", Count: store.MaxLogEvents + 500})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if config.Count != store.MaxLogEvents {
+		t.Fatalf("count = %d, want %d", config.Count, store.MaxLogEvents)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLoginLockoutViaHTTP(t *testing.T) {
 	app := newTestApplication(t)
 	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {

internal/server/server.go

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func New(options Options) (*Server, error) {
 	mux.HandleFunc("/", server.handleSPA)
 
 	server.handler = server.recoverPanics(
-		server.securityHeaders(server.accessControl(server.logRequests(mux))),
+		server.securityHeaders(server.accessControl(server.logUserOperation(mux))),
 	)
 	return server, nil
 }
@@ -557,16 +557,14 @@ func requireMethod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, allowed string) bool
 	return false
 }
 
-type statusWriter struct {
+type operationStatusWriter struct {
 	http.ResponseWriter
 	status int
 }
 
-func (w *statusWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
-	return w.ResponseWriter
-}
+func (w *operationStatusWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter { return w.ResponseWriter }
 
-func (w *statusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
+func (w *operationStatusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	if w.status != 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -574,25 +572,60 @@ func (w *statusWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
 	w.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(status)
 }
 
-func (s *Server) logRequests(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+// logUserOperation records state-changing API actions, not request traffic.
+// GET/HEAD polling, assets, health checks and the live log stream are never
+// emitted, keeping the diagnostic page focused on actions a user initiated.
+func (s *Server) logUserOperation(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		startedAt := time.Now()
-		writer := &statusWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/") ||
+			r.Method == http.MethodGet || r.Method == http.MethodHead || r.Method == http.MethodOptions ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/auth/") || strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/logs/") {
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		writer := &operationStatusWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
 		next.ServeHTTP(writer, r)
 		status := writer.status
 		if status == 0 {
 			status = http.StatusOK
 		}
-		s.logger.Info(
-			"http request",
-			"method", r.Method,
-			"path", r.URL.Path,
+		level := slog.LevelInfo
+		outcome := "success"
+		message := "user operation completed"
+		if status >= http.StatusBadRequest {
+			level = slog.LevelWarn
+			outcome = "failed"
+			message = "user operation failed"
+		}
+		s.logger.Log(r.Context(), level, message,
+			"category", operationPathCategory(r.URL.Path),
+			"event", "user.operation",
+			"operation", strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api/"),
+			"outcome", outcome,
 			"status", status,
-			"duration", time.Since(startedAt),
 		)
 	})
 }
 
+func operationPathCategory(path string) string {
+	path = strings.ToLower(path)
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/sms"):
+		return "sms"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/call"):
+		return "call"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/vowifi") || strings.Contains(path, "/ims"):
+		return "vowifi"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/network") || strings.Contains(path, "/operator"):
+		return "network"
+	case strings.Contains(path, "/device") || strings.Contains(path, "/esim") ||
+		strings.Contains(path, "/ussd") || strings.Contains(path, "/at"):
+		return "hardware"
+	default:
+		return "operation"
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *Server) securityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")

internal/server/server_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/cookiejar"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -18,9 +19,36 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 
 	"vocat/internal/auth"
+	"vocat/internal/loghub"
 	"vocat/internal/store"
 )
 
+func TestUserOperationLoggerExcludesReadTraffic(t *testing.T) {
+	hub := loghub.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil), 100)
+	server := &Server{logger: slog.New(hub)}
+	handler := server.logUserOperation(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}))
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/devices", nil))
+	if history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("GET traffic produced diagnostic logs: %#v", history)
+	}
+
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPatch, "/api/devices/dev1/network", nil))
+	history := hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, "")
+	if len(history) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("mutation log count = %d, want 1", len(history))
+	}
+	if history[0].Message != "user operation completed" || history[0].Fields["category"] != "network" {
+		t.Fatalf("mutation log = %#v", history[0])
+	}
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/logs/history", nil))
+	if history = hub.History(10, slog.LevelDebug, ""); len(history) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("log clear endpoint produced an operation log: %#v", history)
+	}
+}
+
 type testApplication struct {
 	server *httptest.Server
 	client *http.Client

internal/server/sms_api.go

@@ -369,16 +369,26 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if sendErr != nil {
 		data["retry_safe"] = false
 		if result.PartsAccepted > 0 {
+			s.logger.Warn("multipart SMS was only partially accepted",
+				"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+				"device_id", request.DeviceID, "peer", request.Phone,
+				"transport", "cellular_at", "parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted,
+				"parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted, "raw_error", sendErr,
+			)
 			data["warning"] = "Only part of the multipart SMS was accepted by the modem. Do not retry the whole message."
 			writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"data": data})
 			return
 		}
 		s.logger.Warn(
 			"SMS submission failed after modem interaction",
+			"category", "sms",
+			"event", "sms.submission",
 			"device_id", request.DeviceID,
+			"peer", request.Phone,
+			"transport", "cellular_at",
 			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted,
 			"parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
-			"error", sendErr,
+			"raw_error", sendErr,
 		)
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadGateway, map[string]any{
 			"error": apiError{
@@ -390,6 +400,12 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 	if !result.AllPartsAccepted {
+		s.logger.Warn("SMS submission was not confirmed",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", request.DeviceID, "peer", request.Phone,
+			"transport", "cellular_at", "modem_final", result.ModemFinal,
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadGateway, map[string]any{
 			"error": apiError{
 				Code:    "sms_submission_unconfirmed",
@@ -399,6 +415,11 @@ func (s *Server) handleSMSSend(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		})
 		return
 	}
+	s.logger.Info("SMS submission accepted",
+		"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+		"device_id", request.DeviceID, "peer", request.Phone,
+		"transport", "cellular_at", "parts", result.PartsAccepted,
+	)
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"data": data})
 }
 
@@ -475,6 +496,12 @@ func (s *Server) writeIMSSMSSendResult(
 		"outcome":             smsSendOutcome(result.AllPartsAccepted, result.PartsAccepted, result.PartsTotal, result.DeliveryConfirmed),
 	}
 	if sendErr != nil {
+		s.logger.Warn("IMS SMS submission failed",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+			"raw_error", sendErr,
+		)
 		data["retry_safe"] = false
 		data["warning"] = sendErr.Error()
 		if result.PartsAccepted == 0 {
@@ -489,6 +516,11 @@ func (s *Server) writeIMSSMSSendResult(
 		}
 	}
 	if !result.AllPartsAccepted && result.PartsAccepted == 0 {
+		s.logger.Warn("IMS SMS submission was not confirmed",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadGateway, map[string]any{
 			"error": apiError{
 				Code:    "ims_sms_submission_unconfirmed",
@@ -498,6 +530,19 @@ func (s *Server) writeIMSSMSSendResult(
 		})
 		return
 	}
+	if result.AllPartsAccepted {
+		s.logger.Info("IMS SMS submission accepted",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
+	} else {
+		s.logger.Warn("multipart IMS SMS was only partially accepted",
+			"category", "sms", "event", "sms.submission",
+			"device_id", deviceID, "peer", result.To, "transport", "ims",
+			"parts_attempted", result.PartsAttempted, "parts_accepted", result.PartsAccepted,
+		)
+	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"data": data})
 }
 
@@ -653,7 +698,7 @@ func (s *Server) syncModemSMS(ctx context.Context, onlyDevice string) {
 				"delivery_status":    message.DeliveryStatus,
 				"data_coding_scheme": message.DataCodingScheme,
 			})
-			_, saveErr := s.store.SaveSMSMessage(ctx, store.SMSMessage{
+			saved, saveErr := s.store.SaveSMSMessage(ctx, store.SMSMessage{
 				MessageID:     messageID,
 				DeviceID:      config.ID,
 				ModemIMEI:     modemIMEI,
@@ -670,7 +715,14 @@ func (s *Server) syncModemSMS(ctx context.Context, onlyDevice string) {
 				Extra:         extra,
 			})
 			if saveErr != nil {
-				s.logger.Warn("persist modem SMS failed", "device_id", config.ID, "error", saveErr)
+				s.logger.Warn("persist modem SMS failed", "category", "sms", "device_id", config.ID, "raw_error", saveErr)
+			} else if saved.Direction == "inbound" && saved.CreatedAt.Unix() == saved.UpdatedAt.Unix() {
+				s.logger.Info("cellular SMS received",
+					"category", "sms", "event", "sms.received",
+					"device_id", config.ID, "peer", saved.Peer,
+					"transport", "cellular_at", "encoding", message.Encoding,
+					"parts", saved.PartsTotal,
+				)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -770,6 +822,6 @@ func (s *Server) writeStoreError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "the requested record was not found")
 		return
 	}
-	s.logger.Error("database operation failed", "error", err)
+	s.logger.Error("database operation failed", "category", "system", "event", "store.operation_failed", "raw_error", err)
 	writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "database_error", "the database operation failed")
 }

internal/store/domain_test.go

@@ -1017,6 +1017,15 @@ func TestEventsPoliciesAndTraffic(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil || len(logs) != 1 || logs[0].Message != "ready" {
 		t.Fatalf("log filter result = %+v, %v", logs, err)
 	}
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(ctx, LogEvent{
+		Time: recent, Level: "info", Message: " HTTP REQUEST ",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	logs, err = database.ListLogEvents(ctx, LogFilter{Level: "info", ExcludeMessage: "http request"})
+	if err != nil || len(logs) != 1 || logs[0].Message != "ready" {
+		t.Fatalf("excluded log filter result = %+v, %v", logs, err)
+	}
 	auditDeleted, logDeleted, err := database.PruneEvents(
 		ctx,
 		old.Add(time.Minute),

internal/store/events.go

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// MaxLogEvents is the hard storage ceiling. Every new row beyond this limit
+// replaces the oldest row regardless of the optional, stricter retention rule.
+const MaxLogEvents = 10000
+
 func (s *Store) AppendAuditEvent(ctx context.Context, value AuditEvent) (AuditEvent, error) {
 	value.Action = strings.TrimSpace(value.Action)
 	if value.Action == "" {
@@ -123,6 +127,8 @@ func auditEvent(row rowScanner) (AuditEvent, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Store) AppendLogEvent(ctx context.Context, value LogEvent) (LogEvent, error) {
+	s.logMu.Lock()
+	defer s.logMu.Unlock()
 	value.Level = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value.Level))
 	if value.Level == "" {
 		return LogEvent{}, errors.New("log level is required")
@@ -137,7 +143,18 @@ func (s *Store) AppendLogEvent(ctx context.Context, value LogEvent) (LogEvent, e
 	if value.Time.IsZero() {
 		value.Time = time.Now().UTC()
 	}
-	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+	value.Fields = fields
+	if !s.logClearedAt.IsZero() && !value.Time.After(s.logClearedAt) {
+		// The entry was queued before a user cleared the log. Silently discard it
+		// so an in-flight persistence worker cannot resurrect cleared history.
+		return value, nil
+	}
+	tx, err := s.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("begin log append: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	result, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
 		INSERT INTO log_events (event_time, level, message, caller, fields_json)
 		VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
 	`, value.Time.Unix(), value.Level, value.Message, value.Caller, string(fields))
@@ -148,7 +165,17 @@ func (s *Store) AppendLogEvent(ctx context.Context, value LogEvent) (LogEvent, e
 	if err != nil {
 		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("read log event id: %w", err)
 	}
-	value.Fields = fields
+	if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `
+		DELETE FROM log_events
+		WHERE id <= COALESCE((
+			SELECT id FROM log_events ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?
+		), 0)
+	`, MaxLogEvents); err != nil {
+		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("enforce log event limit: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return LogEvent{}, fmt.Errorf("commit log append: %w", err)
+	}
 	return value, nil
 }
 
@@ -159,6 +186,10 @@ func (s *Store) ListLogEvents(ctx context.Context, filter LogFilter) ([]LogEvent
 		clauses = append(clauses, `level = ?`)
 		args = append(args, strings.ToLower(filter.Level))
 	}
+	if filter.ExcludeMessage != "" {
+		clauses = append(clauses, `LOWER(TRIM(message)) <> ?`)
+		args = append(args, strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(filter.ExcludeMessage)))
+	}
 	if !filter.Since.IsZero() {
 		clauses = append(clauses, `event_time >= ?`)
 		args = append(args, filter.Since.UTC().Unix())
@@ -236,6 +267,29 @@ func (s *Store) CountLogEvents(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
 	return count, nil
 }
 
+// ClearLogEvents permanently removes all persisted logs. Entries timestamped
+// at or before clearedAt are also rejected if they were already queued by the
+// asynchronous persistence worker.
+func (s *Store) ClearLogEvents(ctx context.Context, clearedAt time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	s.logMu.Lock()
+	defer s.logMu.Unlock()
+	if clearedAt.IsZero() {
+		clearedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+	}
+	result, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM log_events`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("clear log events: %w", err)
+	}
+	affected, err := result.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("read cleared log count: %w", err)
+	}
+	if clearedAt.After(s.logClearedAt) {
+		s.logClearedAt = clearedAt
+	}
+	return affected, nil
+}
+
 // PruneLogEventsToCount keeps only the newest `keep` log rows, deleting the
 // rest. keep <= 0 deletes everything.
 func (s *Store) PruneLogEventsToCount(ctx context.Context, keep int) (int64, error) {

internal/store/events_limit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestAppendLogEventEnforcesHardLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	database, err := Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer database.Close()
+
+	if _, err := database.db.ExecContext(context.Background(), `
+		WITH RECURSIVE sequence(value) AS (
+			SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT value + 1 FROM sequence WHERE value <= ?
+		)
+		INSERT INTO log_events(event_time, level, message, caller, fields_json)
+		SELECT value, 'info', 'seed-' || value, '', '{}' FROM sequence
+	`, MaxLogEvents); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "newest", Time: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	count, err := database.CountLogEvents(context.Background())
+	if err != nil || count != MaxLogEvents {
+		t.Fatalf("CountLogEvents = %d, %v; want %d", count, err, MaxLogEvents)
+	}
+	logs, err := database.ListLogEvents(context.Background(), LogFilter{Limit: 1})
+	if err != nil || len(logs) != 1 || logs[0].Message != "newest" {
+		t.Fatalf("newest log = %#v, %v", logs, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClearLogEventsRejectsAlreadyQueuedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	database, err := Open(context.Background(), ":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer database.Close()
+
+	cutoff := time.Now().UTC()
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "existing", Time: cutoff.Add(-time.Second),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	deleted, err := database.ClearLogEvents(context.Background(), cutoff)
+	if err != nil || deleted != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ClearLogEvents = %d, %v", deleted, err)
+	}
+	late, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: "queued-before-clear", Time: cutoff.Add(-time.Millisecond),
+	})
+	if err != nil || late.ID != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("old queued append = %+v, %v", late, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := database.AppendLogEvent(context.Background(), LogEvent{
+		Level: "info", Message: fmt.Sprintf("new-%d", MaxLogEvents), Time: cutoff.Add(time.Millisecond),
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	count, err := database.CountLogEvents(context.Background())
+	if err != nil || count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("CountLogEvents = %d, %v; want 1", count, err)
+	}
+}

internal/store/models.go

@@ -467,11 +467,12 @@ type LogEvent struct {
 }
 
 type LogFilter struct {
-	Level    string
-	Since    time.Time
-	Until    time.Time
-	BeforeID int64
-	Limit    int
+	Level          string
+	ExcludeMessage string
+	Since          time.Time
+	Until          time.Time
+	BeforeID       int64
+	Limit          int
 }
 
 type CardPolicy struct {

internal/store/store.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ var ErrNotFound = errors.New("store: not found")
 
 // Store owns the SQLite connection used by the process.
 type Store struct {
-	db *sql.DB
+	db           *sql.DB
+	logMu        sync.Mutex
+	logClearedAt time.Time
 }
 
 type Admin struct {

internal/vowifi/carrier_compat.go

@@ -42,8 +42,10 @@ type CarrierProfile struct {
 	IMSRegisterProfile                 string
 	IMSIPSecEncryption                 string
 	SMSCenter                          string
+	PANIEnabled                        *bool
 	PANICountry                        string
 	PANINode                           string
+	IMSUserAgent                       string
 	IMSDialURIScheme                   string
 	IMSUserEqPhone                     bool
 	IMSVoiceCodecs                     []string
@@ -57,7 +59,6 @@ type IMSRegisterOptions struct {
 	ContactExtraTags    []string
 	SupportedHeader     *string
 	AllowHeader         *string
-	UserAgent           string
 	PPreferredIdentity  bool
 	PVisitedNetworkID   string
 	PAccessNetworkInfo  *string
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ type IMSRegisterOptions struct {
 const (
 	IMSContactFormatStandard = "standard"
 	IMSContactFormatATT      = "att"
+	IMSContactFormatGSMA     = "gsma"
 )
 
 type carrierProfileDocument struct {
@@ -76,13 +78,13 @@ type carrierProfileDocument struct {
 }
 
 type carrierProfileRule struct {
-	ID       string                         `json:"id"`
-	Match    carrierProfileMatch            `json:"match,omitzero"`
-	MatchAny []carrierProfileMatch          `json:"match_any,omitempty"`
-	Route    carrierProfileRoute            `json:"route,omitzero"`
-	EPDG     carrierProfileEPDG             `json:"epdg,omitzero"`
-	IKE      carrierProfileIKE              `json:"ike,omitzero"`
-	IMS      carrierProfileIMS              `json:"ims,omitzero"`
+	ID       string                `json:"id"`
+	Match    carrierProfileMatch   `json:"match,omitzero"`
+	MatchAny []carrierProfileMatch `json:"match_any,omitempty"`
+	Route    carrierProfileRoute   `json:"route,omitzero"`
+	EPDG     carrierProfileEPDG    `json:"epdg,omitzero"`
+	IKE      carrierProfileIKE     `json:"ike,omitzero"`
+	IMS      carrierProfileIMS     `json:"ims,omitzero"`
 }
 
 type carrierProfileMatch struct {
@@ -116,8 +118,10 @@ type carrierProfileIMS struct {
 	RegisterProfile                    string                        `json:"register_profile,omitempty"`
 	IPSecEncryption                    string                        `json:"ipsec_encryption,omitempty"`
 	SMSCenter                          string                        `json:"sms_center,omitempty"`
+	PANIEnabled                        *bool                         `json:"pani_enabled,omitempty"`
 	PANICountry                        string                        `json:"pani_country,omitempty"`
 	PANINode                           string                        `json:"pani_node,omitempty"`
+	UserAgent                          string                        `json:"user_agent,omitempty"`
 	DialURIScheme                      string                        `json:"dial_uri_scheme,omitempty"`
 	UserEqPhone                        *bool                         `json:"user_eq_phone,omitempty"`
 	VoiceCodecs                        []string                      `json:"voice_codecs,omitempty"`
@@ -131,7 +135,6 @@ type carrierProfileRegisterOptions struct {
 	ContactExtraTags    []string `json:"contact_extra_tags,omitempty"`
 	SupportedHeader     *string  `json:"supported_header,omitempty"`
 	AllowHeader         *string  `json:"allow_header,omitempty"`
-	UserAgent           string   `json:"user_agent,omitempty"`
 	PPreferredIdentity  bool     `json:"p_preferred_identity,omitempty"`
 	PVisitedNetworkID   string   `json:"p_visited_network_id,omitempty"`
 	PAccessNetworkInfo  *string  `json:"p_access_network_info,omitempty"`
@@ -322,6 +325,7 @@ func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	if country := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.PANICountry)); country != "" &&
+		country != "AUTO" &&
 		(len(country) != 2 || country[0] < 'A' || country[0] > 'Z' || country[1] < 'A' || country[1] > 'Z') {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -340,7 +344,7 @@ func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	if format := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.ContactFormat)); format != "" &&
-		format != IMSContactFormatStandard && format != IMSContactFormatATT {
+		format != IMSContactFormatStandard && format != IMSContactFormatATT && format != IMSContactFormatGSMA {
 		return false
 	}
 	for _, value := range rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.ContactExtraTags {
@@ -353,7 +357,7 @@ func validCarrierProfileRule(rule carrierProfileRule) bool {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
-	for _, value := range []string{rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.UserAgent, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.PVisitedNetworkID, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.CellularNetworkInfo} {
+	for _, value := range []string{rule.IMS.UserAgent, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.PVisitedNetworkID, rule.IMS.RegisterOptions.CellularNetworkInfo} {
 		if strings.ContainsAny(value, "\r\n") {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -479,8 +483,12 @@ func matchCarrierProfile(match carrierProfileMatch, identity SIMIdentity) (int,
 	}{
 		{name: "imsi", weight: 80, values: match.IMSIPrefixes, actual: identity.IMSI},
 		{name: "iccid", weight: 70, values: match.ICCIDPrefixes, actual: identity.ICCID},
-		{name: "gid1", weight: 50, values: match.GID1Prefixes, actual: identity.GID1, foldCase: true},
-		{name: "gid2", weight: 40, values: match.GID2Prefixes, actual: identity.GID2, foldCase: true},
+		// GID values identify an MVNO/service profile within a host network and
+		// therefore outrank the host issuer's broad ICCID prefix. Otherwise a
+		// home-PLMN+ICCID AT&T rule hides RedPocket/Cricket/etc. even when the SIM
+		// exposes the carrier bundle's exact GID selector.
+		{name: "gid1", weight: 90, values: match.GID1Prefixes, actual: identity.GID1, foldCase: true},
+		{name: "gid2", weight: 85, values: match.GID2Prefixes, actual: identity.GID2, foldCase: true},
 	} {
 		if len(selector.values) == 0 {
 			continue
@@ -584,8 +592,15 @@ func applyCarrierProfileRule(base CarrierProfile, rule carrierProfileRule, sourc
 		base.IMSIPSecEncryption = value
 	}
 	base.SMSCenter = strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.SMSCenter)
+	if rule.IMS.PANIEnabled != nil {
+		enabled := *rule.IMS.PANIEnabled
+		base.PANIEnabled = &enabled
+	}
 	base.PANICountry = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.PANICountry))
 	base.PANINode = strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.PANINode)
+	if value := strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.UserAgent); value != "" {
+		base.IMSUserAgent = value
+	}
 	if value := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rule.IMS.DialURIScheme)); value != "" {
 		base.IMSDialURIScheme = value
 	}
@@ -620,9 +635,6 @@ func applyRegisterOptions(base IMSRegisterOptions, rule carrierProfileRegisterOp
 		value := strings.TrimSpace(*rule.AllowHeader)
 		base.AllowHeader = &value
 	}
-	if value := strings.TrimSpace(rule.UserAgent); value != "" {
-		base.UserAgent = value
-	}
 	if rule.PPreferredIdentity {
 		base.PPreferredIdentity = true
 	}
@@ -719,8 +731,8 @@ func applyAssignedCarrierRoute(identity SIMIdentity) SIMIdentity {
 
 	if strings.TrimSpace(identity.ICCID) != "" {
 		if mcc, mnc, ok := HomePLMNFromICCID(identity.ICCID); ok {
-			imsiCountry := countryCodeForMCC(identity.HomeMCC)
-			iccidCountry := countryCodeForMCC(mcc)
+			imsiCountry := CountryCodeForMCC(identity.HomeMCC)
+			iccidCountry := CountryCodeForMCC(mcc)
 			if identity.HomeMCC == "" || (imsiCountry != "" && iccidCountry != "" && imsiCountry != iccidCountry) {
 				identity.HomeMCC = mcc
 				identity.HomeMNC = mnc
@@ -733,7 +745,9 @@ func applyAssignedCarrierRoute(identity SIMIdentity) SIMIdentity {
 	return identity
 }
 
-func countryCodeForMCC(mcc string) string {
+// CountryCodeForMCC returns the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code associated
+// with an MCC known to the carrier compatibility database.
+func CountryCodeForMCC(mcc string) string {
 	switch strings.TrimSpace(mcc) {
 	case "515":
 		return "PH"

internal/vowifi/carrier_compat_test.go

@@ -46,6 +46,31 @@ func TestResolveCarrierProfileUsesAppleGID1Selector(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestResolveCarrierProfileGiffgaffIMSHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF",
+	})
+	options := profile.IMSRegisterOptions
+	if profile.IMSTransport != "tcp" || options.ContactFormat != IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff IMS transport/contact profile = %#v", profile)
+	}
+	if profile.IMSUserAgent != "iOS/18.6.2 iPhone" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff User-Agent = %q", profile.IMSUserAgent)
+	}
+	if options.SupportedHeader != nil || options.AllowHeader != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff REGISTER header overrides = supported=%v allow=%v", options.SupportedHeader, options.AllowHeader)
+	}
+	if options.PAccessNetworkInfo != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff unexpectedly defines a carrier PANI override = %v", *options.PAccessNetworkInfo)
+	}
+	if profile.PANIEnabled == nil || !*profile.PANIEnabled || profile.PANICountry != "AUTO" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff PANI behavior = enabled=%v country=%q", profile.PANIEnabled, profile.PANICountry)
+	}
+	if len(options.ContactExtraTags) != 2 || options.ContactExtraTags[0] != "+g.3gpp.mid-call" || options.ContactExtraTags[1] != "+g.3gpp.smsip" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff Contact tags = %#v", options.ContactExtraTags)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveCarrierProfileATT(t *testing.T) {
 	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
 		ICCID: "8901410000000000001", IMSI: "310410000000001", HomeMCC: "310", HomeMNC: "410",
@@ -55,6 +80,16 @@ func TestResolveCarrierProfileATT(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestResolveCarrierProfileRedPocketOutranksBroadATTICCID(t *testing.T) {
+	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{
+		ICCID: "8901410000000000001", IMSI: "310170000000001",
+		HomeMCC: "310", HomeMNC: "170", SPN: "Red Pocket", GID1: "42FFFF",
+	})
+	if profile.ID != "ipcc-redpocket-310170" || profile.MatchSource != "hplmn+gid1" {
+		t.Fatalf("RedPocket profile = %#v", profile)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveCarrierProfileStandardHasNoRegisterOverrides(t *testing.T) {
 	profile := ResolveCarrierProfile(SIMIdentity{HomeMCC: "999", HomeMNC: "99"})
 	if profile.ID != CarrierProfileStandard {
@@ -69,6 +104,9 @@ func TestResolveCarrierProfileStandardHasNoRegisterOverrides(t *testing.T) {
 	if profile.IMSRegisterOptions.SupportedHeader != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("standard supported header = %v", *profile.IMSRegisterOptions.SupportedHeader)
 	}
+	if profile.PANIEnabled != nil || profile.PANICountry != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("standard PANI behavior = enabled=%v country=%q", profile.PANIEnabled, profile.PANICountry)
+	}
 	if profile.AllowSMSWithoutContactConfirmation {
 		t.Fatal("standard profile should require SMS contact confirmation")
 	}

internal/vowifi/carrier_ipcc.go

@@ -635,6 +635,11 @@ func importCarrierIMS(rule *carrierProfileRule, plists []ipccPlist, warnings *ip
 					warnings.add("disabled_ims_ipsec_ignored", "UseIPSec=false was not imported because VoWiFi IMS security cannot be weakened automatically", document.name+":"+strings.Join(signaling.path, ".")+".UseIPSec")
 				}
 			}
+			if strings.EqualFold(plistString(signaling.value["CountryOfOriginationFormat"]), "PANI") {
+				enabled := true
+				rule.IMS.PANIEnabled = &enabled
+				rule.IMS.PANICountry = "AUTO"
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if useIPSec {

internal/vowifi/carrier_ipcc_test.go

@@ -42,9 +42,12 @@ func TestImportCarrierIPCCConvertsBinaryAndXMLPlistsSafely(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 				"IMSConfig": map[string]any{
 					"EnableWiFiCallingWithoutEntitlement": true,
-					"Signaling":                           map[string]any{"UseIPSec": true},
-					"Media":                               map[string]any{"SupportPCMA": false},
-					"Emergency":                           map[string]any{"E911OverITechSupported": true},
+					"Signaling": map[string]any{
+						"UseIPSec":                   true,
+						"CountryOfOriginationFormat": "PANI",
+					},
+					"Media":     map[string]any{"SupportPCMA": false},
+					"Emergency": map[string]any{"E911OverITechSupported": true},
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -73,6 +76,9 @@ func TestImportCarrierIPCCConvertsBinaryAndXMLPlistsSafely(t *testing.T) {
 	if rule.IMS.IPSecEncryption != "aes-cbc" {
 		t.Fatalf("converted IMS profile = %#v", rule.IMS)
 	}
+	if rule.IMS.PANIEnabled == nil || !*rule.IMS.PANIEnabled || rule.IMS.PANICountry != "AUTO" {
+		t.Fatalf("converted PANI behavior = enabled=%v country=%q", rule.IMS.PANIEnabled, rule.IMS.PANICountry)
+	}
 	for _, code := range []string{
 		"remote_certificate_bypass_ignored",
 		"disabled_dpd_ignored",

internal/vowifi/carrier_profiles.json

@@ -570,6 +570,14 @@
     {
       "id": "ipcc-redpocket-310170",
       "match_any": [
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "310170"
+          ],
+          "gid1_prefixes": [
+            "42"
+          ]
+        },
         {
           "home_plmns": [
             "310410"
@@ -585,6 +593,18 @@
           "gid1_prefixes": [
             "42"
           ]
+        },
+        {
+          "home_plmns": [
+            "310170",
+            "310410",
+            "310280"
+          ],
+          "spns": [
+            "Red Pocket",
+            "RedPocket",
+            "Red Pocket Mobile"
+          ]
         }
       ],
       "epdg": {
@@ -5766,7 +5786,18 @@
         "proposal": "modern"
       },
       "ims": {
-        "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc"
+        "transport": "tcp",
+        "ipsec_encryption": "aes-cbc",
+        "pani_enabled": true,
+        "pani_country": "AUTO",
+        "user_agent": "iOS/18.6.2 iPhone",
+        "register_options": {
+          "contact_format": "gsma",
+          "contact_extra_tags": [
+            "+g.3gpp.mid-call",
+            "+g.3gpp.smsip"
+          ]
+        }
       }
     },
     {
@@ -11783,4 +11814,4 @@
     }
   ],
   "version": 1
-}
+}

internal/vowifi/ec20_adapter.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ var (
 const (
 	usimAIDPrefix         = "A0000000871002"
 	isimAIDPrefix         = "A0000000871004"
+	efDIRFileID           = 0x2f00
 	efADDecimal           = 28589 // 0x6FAD
 	efEHPLMNDecimal       = 28441 // 0x6F19 (3GPP TS 31.102 EF_EHPLMN)
 	channelCleanupTimeout = 3 * time.Second
@@ -1025,6 +1026,19 @@ func (adapter *EC20Adapter) discoverAKAApplication(
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	// CUAD is optional and is rejected by a number of EC20 firmware branches.
+	// In that case do not immediately fall back to the seven-byte registered
+	// application-provider prefix: cards may expose multiple USIM instances and
+	// require the complete PIX from EF_DIR to select the provisioned one.  Read
+	// EF_DIR over the standards-based basic channel, which remains available on
+	// the same firmware that rejects CCHO/CGLA.
+	if discovered, discoverErr := adapter.discoverBasicApplicationAID(
+		ctx,
+		deviceID,
+		usimAIDPrefix,
+	); discoverErr == nil {
+		return discovered, "USIM", nil
+	}
 
 	// AT+CUAD is optional on older EC20 firmware. CCHO still provides a
 	// standards-based, evidence-bearing probe of the assigned USIM AID.
@@ -1053,6 +1067,64 @@ func (adapter *EC20Adapter) discoverPreferredAKAApplication(
 	return aidPrefix, application, nil
 }
 
+func (adapter *EC20Adapter) discoverBasicApplicationAID(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	deviceID string,
+	aidPrefix string,
+) (string, error) {
+	selectFile := func(fileID uint16) error {
+		apdu := []byte{
+			0x00, 0xa4, 0x00, 0x04, 0x02,
+			byte(fileID >> 8), byte(fileID), 0x00,
+		}
+		raw, err := adapter.transmitBasicAPDU(ctx, deviceID, apdu, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, status, err := splitAPDUStatus(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if status != 0x9000 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("vocat: EC20 basic-channel SELECT returned %04X", status)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(0x3f00); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("select EC20 MF for application discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := selectFile(efDIRFileID); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("select EC20 EF_DIR for application discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+	for record := 1; record <= 32; record++ {
+		raw, err := adapter.transmitBasicAPDU(
+			ctx,
+			deviceID,
+			[]byte{0x00, 0xb2, byte(record), 0x04, 0x00},
+			false,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("read EC20 EF_DIR record %d: %w", record, err)
+		}
+		body, status, err := splitAPDUStatus(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if status == 0x6a83 || status == 0x9402 {
+			break
+		}
+		if status != 0x9000 {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, candidate := range collectApplicationAIDs(body) {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(candidate, aidPrefix) {
+				return candidate, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", ErrEC20ApplicationAbsent
+}
+
 func (adapter *EC20Adapter) openLogicalChannel(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	deviceID string,
@@ -1174,8 +1246,17 @@ func (adapter *EC20Adapter) transmitBasicAPDU(
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		collected = append(collected, body...)
 		sw1 := byte(status >> 8)
+		if sw1 == 0x6c {
+			// The UICC knows the exact response length. Retry the original APDU
+			// with the advised Le without retaining the procedure response.
+			if len(current) < 5 {
+				return nil, errors.New("vocat: EC20 APDU cannot apply corrected response length")
+			}
+			current[len(current)-1] = byte(status)
+			continue
+		}
+		collected = append(collected, body...)
 		if sw1 != 0x61 && sw1 != 0x9f {
 			collected = append(collected, byte(status>>8), byte(status))
 			return collected, nil

internal/vowifi/ec20_adapter_test.go

@@ -263,6 +263,59 @@ func TestEC20AdapterCSIMFallbackSupportsSuccessAndSynchronizationFailure(
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEC20AdapterDiscoversFullUSIMAIDFromEFDIRWhenCUADFails(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	const fullAID = "A0000000871002FFFFFFFF8903020000"
+	record := "61184F10" + fullAID + "50045553494D"
+	encodedResponse := strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(successfulUSIMResponse()))
+	var challenge AKAChallenge
+	for index := range challenge.RAND {
+		challenge.RAND[index] = byte(index)
+		challenge.AUTN[index] = byte(0xf0 + index)
+	}
+	authAPDU := buildUSIMAuthenticateAPDU(challenge)
+	authCommand := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`AT+CSIM=%d,"%s"`,
+		len(authAPDU)*2,
+		strings.ToUpper(hex.EncodeToString(authAPDU)),
+	)
+	selectApplication := `AT+CSIM=42,"00A4040410` + fullAID + `"`
+	transcript := &ec20Transcript{
+		t: t,
+		steps: append(
+			identityTranscriptStepsWithoutEFAD("310280000000001"),
+			[]ec20TranscriptStep{
+				{command: "AT+CCID", lines: []string{"+CCID: 8944101234567890123"}},
+				{command: "AT+CUAD", err: errors.New("+CME ERROR: 13"), final: "+CME ERROR: 13"},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=16,"00A40004023F0000"`, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=16,"00A40004022F0000"`, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=10,"00B2010400"`, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"6C1A"`}},
+				{command: `AT+CSIM=10,"00B201041A"`, lines: []string{fmt.Sprintf(`+CSIM: %d,"%s9000"`, len(record)+4, record)}},
+				{command: `AT+CCHO="` + fullAID + `"`, err: errors.New("unsupported"), final: "ERROR"},
+				{command: selectApplication, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: "AT+CCID", lines: []string{"+CCID: 8944101234567890123"}},
+				{command: selectApplication, lines: []string{`+CSIM: 4,"9000"`}},
+				{command: authCommand, sensitive: true, lines: []string{fmt.Sprintf(`+CSIM: %d,"%s"`, len(encodedResponse), encodedResponse)}},
+			}...,
+		),
+	}
+	adapter, err := NewEC20Adapter(transcript, EC20AdapterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	identity, err := adapter.ReadIdentity(context.Background(), "ec20-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadIdentity: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := adapter.CheckReady(context.Background(), identity); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CheckReady: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := adapter.Authenticate(context.Background(), identity, challenge); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Authenticate: %v", err)
+	}
+	transcript.assertDone()
+}
+
 func TestEC20AdapterLogicalChannelAuthenticateFollowsGetResponse(
 	t *testing.T,
 ) {

internal/vowifi/ike/epdg_resolver.go

@@ -36,8 +36,12 @@ func resolveEPDG(ctx context.Context, resolver *net.Resolver, host string) ([]ne
 
 	var systemErr error
 	for _, targetHost := range hostsToTry {
-		addresses, err := resolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, targetHost)
+		ips, err := resolver.LookupIP(ctx, "ip4", targetHost)
 		if err == nil {
+			addresses := make([]net.IPAddr, 0, len(ips))
+			for _, ip := range ips {
+				addresses = append(addresses, net.IPAddr{IP: ip})
+			}
 			valid := filterValidPublicEPDGAddresses(addresses)
 			if len(valid) > 0 {
 				return valid, nil

internal/vowifi/ike/esp.go

@@ -393,9 +393,11 @@ func parseInnerIPv6(packet []byte) (innerPacketMetadata, error) {
 		return innerPacketMetadata{}, errors.New("ike: inner IPv6 packet is truncated")
 	}
 	payloadLength := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet[4:6]))
-	if payloadLength+40 != len(packet) {
+	declaredLength := payloadLength + 40
+	if declaredLength > len(packet) {
 		return innerPacketMetadata{}, errors.New("ike: inner IPv6 payload length is invalid")
 	}
+	packet = packet[:declaredLength]
 	metadata := innerPacketMetadata{
 		source:      append(net.IP(nil), packet[8:24]...),
 		destination: append(net.IP(nil), packet[24:40]...),

internal/vowifi/ike/esp_test.go

@@ -318,6 +318,26 @@ func TestParseInnerIPv6ESP(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseInnerIPv6ESPTrimsTrailingAlignmentBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	packet := make([]byte, 40+20+4)
+	packet[0] = 0x60
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[4:6], 20)
+	packet[6] = 6
+	packet[7] = 64
+	copy(packet[8:24], net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1").To16())
+	copy(packet[24:40], net.ParseIP("2001:db8::2").To16())
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[40:42], 49686)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[42:44], 5060)
+	metadata, err := parseInnerPacket(packet)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if metadata.protocol != 6 || metadata.sourcePort != 49686 || metadata.destinationPort != 5060 {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata = %+v", metadata)
+	}
+}
+
 func mustDefaultESPTunnel(t *testing.T) *espTunnel {
 	t.Helper()
 	return mustTestESPTunnel(

internal/vowifi/ims/call_runtime.go

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (session *Session) DialCall(ctx context.Context, number string) (vowifi.Cal
 		"P-Preferred-Service: "+mmtelServiceURN,
 		`Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="`+mmtelFeatureTag+`"`,
 		"P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo(),
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 		"Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, BYE, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, PRACK, UPDATE, INFO",
 		"Supported: 100rel, timer, replaces",
 		"Session-Expires: 1800;refresher=uac",
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@ func (session *Session) DialCall(ctx context.Context, number string) (vowifi.Cal
 	session.callMu.Unlock()
 	if session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
 		session.provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS call started",
+			"category", "call",
+			"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 			"direction", "outgoing",
 			"identity_source", identitySource,
 			"target_scheme", strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.SplitN(target, ":", 2)[0], ":")),
@@ -228,6 +230,8 @@ func (session *Session) watchOutgoingCall(call *imsCall, key sipTransactionKey)
 			} else {
 				if ackErr := session.sendRejectedInviteACK(call, response); ackErr != nil && session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
 					session.provider.config.Logger.Warn("IMS rejected INVITE ACK failed",
+						"category", "call",
+						"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 						"carrier_profile", vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity).ID,
 						"sip_status", response.StatusCode,
 						"error", safeSIPDiagnostic(ackErr.Error()),
@@ -368,6 +372,14 @@ func (session *Session) handleCallRequest(request *sipRequest, respond func([]by
 		session.callMu.Lock()
 		session.calls[callID] = call
 		session.callMu.Unlock()
+		if session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
+			session.provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS incoming call received",
+				"category", "call",
+				"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
+				"caller", call.public.Number,
+				"call_id", call.public.ID,
+			)
+		}
 		if session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.OnIncomingCall != nil {
 			calledNumber := identityNumber(request.value("To"))
 			if calledNumber == "" {
@@ -488,7 +500,7 @@ func (session *Session) sendRejectedInviteACK(call *imsCall, response *sipRespon
 		"Call-ID: "+call.callID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d ACK", call.cseq),
 		"P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo(),
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 		"Content-Length: 0", "", "",
 	)
 	session.writeMu.Lock()
@@ -566,7 +578,7 @@ func (session *Session) sendPRACK(call *imsCall, response *sipResponse) {
 		"From: "+from, "To: "+to, "Call-ID: "+call.callID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d PRACK", cseq), "RAck: "+rseq+" "+inviteCSeq,
 		"P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo(),
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 		"Content-Length: 0", "", "",
 	)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(session.refreshContext, 10*time.Second)
@@ -697,7 +709,7 @@ func (session *Session) buildDialogRequest(call *imsCall, method string, cseq ui
 		"Call-ID: "+call.callID,
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d %s", cseq, method),
 		"Supported: 100rel, timer",
-		"User-Agent: "+session.callUserAgent(),
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 	)
 	if method != "CANCEL" {
 		lines = append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+session.pAccessNetworkInfo())
@@ -759,6 +771,13 @@ func (session *Session) dialogContactHeader() string {
 	if session == nil || session.conn == nil || strings.TrimSpace(session.identity.user) == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
+	if session.imsRegisterOptions().ContactFormat == vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		contact := "Contact: <sip:" + session.contactAddress() + `>;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="` + mmtelFeatureTag + `"`
+		if strings.TrimSpace(session.instanceID) != "" {
+			contact += `;+sip.instance="<` + session.instanceID + `>"`
+		}
+		return contact
+	}
 	contact := "Contact: <sip:" + session.identity.user + "@" + session.contactAddress() + ";transport=" + session.transport + ">"
 	if strings.TrimSpace(session.instanceID) != "" {
 		contact += `;+sip.instance="<` + session.instanceID + `>"`
@@ -799,25 +818,13 @@ func (session *Session) callOriginatingIdentitiesLocked(profile vowifi.CarrierPr
 }
 
 func (session *Session) pAccessNetworkInfo() string {
-	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity)
-	node := strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANINode)
-	if node == "" {
-		node = "000000000000"
+	if session == nil {
+		return ""
 	}
-	value := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + node
-	if country := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANICountry)); country != "" {
-		value += ";country=" + country
+	if session.paniResolved {
+		return session.pani
 	}
-	return value + ";network-provided"
-}
-
-func (session *Session) callUserAgent() string {
-	if session != nil && session.provider != nil {
-		if value := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent); value != "" {
-			return value
-		}
-	}
-	return "vocat/1"
+	return resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(session.request.Identity, session.imsLogger())
 }
 
 func callResponseDiagnostic(response *sipResponse) string {
@@ -843,6 +850,8 @@ func (session *Session) logCallResponse(response *sipResponse, diagnostic string
 		return
 	}
 	session.provider.config.Logger.Info("IMS call response",
+		"category", "call",
+		"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 		"carrier_profile", vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity).ID,
 		"sip_status", response.StatusCode,
 		"diagnostic", diagnostic,

internal/vowifi/ims/call_runtime_test.go

@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func TestOutgoingLocalNumberUsesIMSPhoneContextAndMMTelHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 		"P-Preferred-Identity: <tel:+447700900123>\r\n",
 		"P-Preferred-Service: " + mmtelServiceURN + "\r\n",
 		`Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="` + mmtelFeatureTag + `"` + "\r\n",
-		"P-Access-Network-Info: IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=000000000000;network-provided\r\n",
+		"P-Access-Network-Info: IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode + "\r\n",
 		"User-Agent: VoCat Test\r\n",
 		"Accept: application/sdp\r\n",
 	} {

internal/vowifi/ims/provider.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const (
 	defaultRegistrationExpiry   = 3600 * time.Second
 	defaultTransactionTimeout   = 12 * time.Second
 	maxAuthenticationChallenges = 3
+	defaultPANIWLANNode         = "ffffffffffff"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -594,6 +595,8 @@ type Session struct {
 	callID             string
 	fromTag            string
 	instanceID         string
+	pani               string
+	paniResolved       bool
 	cseq               uint32
 	auth               *authenticationState
 	securityProposal   securityProposal
@@ -646,6 +649,11 @@ func newSession(
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	instanceURI := "urn:uuid:" + instanceID
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(request.Identity)
+	if profile.IMSRegisterOptions.ContactFormat == vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		instanceURI = sipInstanceID(request.Identity, instanceID)
+	}
 	refreshContext, refreshCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	session := &Session{
 		provider:           provider,
@@ -657,7 +665,9 @@ func newSession(
 		conn:               connection,
 		callID:             callToken + "@" + addressHost(connection.LocalAddr()),
 		fromTag:            fromTag,
-		instanceID:         "urn:uuid:" + instanceID,
+		instanceID:         instanceURI,
+		pani:               resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(request.Identity, provider.config.Logger),
+		paniResolved:       true,
 		cseq:               1,
 		refreshContext:     refreshContext,
 		refreshCancel:      refreshCancel,
@@ -965,11 +975,7 @@ func (session *Session) buildRegister(
 		allow = *registerOptions.AllowHeader
 	}
 
-	userAgent := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent)
-	if override := strings.TrimSpace(registerOptions.UserAgent); override != "" &&
-		(userAgent == "" || userAgent == "vocat/1") {
-		userAgent = override
-	}
+	userAgent := session.imsUserAgent()
 
 	lines := []string{
 		"REGISTER " + requestURI + " SIP/2.0",
@@ -991,19 +997,16 @@ func (session *Session) buildRegister(
 	}
 	lines = append(lines, "User-Agent: "+userAgent)
 
-	defaultPANI := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=000000000000;network-provided"
-	pani := defaultPANI
-	if registerOptions.PAccessNetworkInfo != nil {
-		pani = *registerOptions.PAccessNetworkInfo
-	}
-
 	if registerOptions.PPreferredIdentity {
 		lines = append(lines, "P-Preferred-Identity: <"+session.identity.public+">")
 	}
 	if value := strings.TrimSpace(registerOptions.PVisitedNetworkID); value != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, `P-Visited-Network-ID: "`+value+`"`)
 	}
-	if pani != "" {
+	// PANI describes this UE's access and is stable for the complete IMS
+	// session. The same UE-provided value is used by REGISTER, MESSAGE,
+	// RP-ACK and dialog requests; it never claims to be network-provided.
+	if pani := session.pAccessNetworkInfo(); pani != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+pani)
 	}
 	if value := strings.TrimSpace(registerOptions.CellularNetworkInfo); value != "" {
@@ -1062,6 +1065,15 @@ func (session *Session) buildContact(contactAddress string, registerOptions vowi
 			`%s%s;audio;+g.3gpp.smsip;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="%s";+sip.instance="<%s>"`,
 			base, extra, icsiRef, instanceID,
 		)
+	case vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA:
+		extra := ""
+		for _, tag := range registerOptions.ContactExtraTags {
+			extra += ";" + tag
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			`<sip:%s>;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="%s"%s;+sip.instance="<%s>"`,
+			contactAddress, icsiRef, extra, instanceID,
+		)
 	default:
 		extra := ""
 		for _, tag := range registerOptions.ContactExtraTags {
@@ -1074,6 +1086,144 @@ func (session *Session) buildContact(contactAddress string, registerOptions vowi
 	}
 }
 
+// sipInstanceID uses the standardized GSMA device-instance URI when a valid
+// modem identity is available and keeps the generated UUID as the fallback.
+func sipInstanceID(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, fallback string) string {
+	imei := strings.TrimSpace(identity.IMEI)
+	if len(imei) == 15 {
+		valid := true
+		for _, digit := range imei {
+			if digit < '0' || digit > '9' {
+				valid = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if valid {
+			return "urn:gsma:imei:" + imei + "-0"
+		}
+	}
+	return "urn:uuid:" + strings.TrimSpace(fallback)
+}
+
+func (session *Session) imsRegisterOptions() vowifi.IMSRegisterOptions {
+	if session == nil {
+		return vowifi.IMSRegisterOptions{}
+	}
+	return vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity).IMSRegisterOptions
+}
+
+func (session *Session) imsUserAgent() string {
+	if session != nil && session.provider != nil {
+		if value := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent); value != "" {
+			if value != "vocat/1" {
+				return value
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if session != nil {
+		profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity)
+		if value := strings.TrimSpace(profile.IMSUserAgent); value != "" {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	if session != nil && session.provider != nil {
+		if value := strings.TrimSpace(session.provider.config.UserAgent); value != "" {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	return "vocat/1"
+}
+
+func (session *Session) imsLogger() *slog.Logger {
+	if session != nil && session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
+		return session.provider.config.Logger
+	}
+	return slog.Default()
+}
+
+// resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo freezes the selected value when the IMS
+// session is created. This prevents a carrier-profile reload from changing
+// access identity between REGISTER, SMS MESSAGE and its RP-ACK.
+func resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, logger *slog.Logger) string {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = slog.Default()
+	}
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(identity)
+	if profile.PANIEnabled != nil && !*profile.PANIEnabled {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if configured := profile.IMSRegisterOptions.PAccessNetworkInfo; configured != nil {
+		return appendPaniCountry(ueProvidedPANI(*configured), identity, profile, logger)
+	}
+
+	node := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANINode))
+	if decoded, err := hex.DecodeString(node); err != nil || len(decoded) != 6 {
+		node = defaultPANIWLANNode
+	}
+	if node == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	value := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + node
+	return appendPaniCountry(value, identity, profile, logger)
+}
+
+func appendPaniCountry(value string, identity vowifi.SIMIdentity, profile vowifi.CarrierProfile, logger *slog.Logger) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(value, ";")
+	for _, parameter := range parts {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(parameter)), "country=") {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+
+	countryMode := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(profile.PANICountry))
+	country := countryMode
+	if countryMode == "AUTO" {
+		mcc := strings.TrimSpace(identity.HomeMCC)
+		if mcc == "" {
+			mcc = strings.TrimSpace(profile.RouteMCC)
+		}
+		country = vowifi.CountryCodeForMCC(mcc)
+		if country == "" {
+			if logger == nil {
+				logger = slog.Default()
+			}
+			logger.Error("IMS PANI country code could not be derived",
+				"category", "ims",
+				"stage", "pani_country",
+				"carrier_profile", profile.ID,
+				"mcc", mcc,
+			)
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	if country == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	parts = append(parts, "")
+	copy(parts[2:], parts[1:])
+	parts[1] = "country=" + country
+	return strings.Join(parts, ";")
+}
+
+// ueProvidedPANI removes the network-provided marker from a profile override.
+// RFC 7315 reserves that marker for a trusted proxy; a UE must not assert it.
+func ueProvidedPANI(value string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(value), ";")
+	filtered := parts[:0]
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if part == "" || strings.EqualFold(part, "network-provided") {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, part)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(filtered, ";")
+}
+
 func (session *Session) exchange(ctx context.Context, request []byte, cseq uint32) (*sipResponse, error) {
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1209,6 +1359,7 @@ func (session *Session) applyRegistrationEvidence(response *sipResponse) error {
 	serviceRoutes := splitHeaderValues(response.values("Service-Route"))
 	registeredContact := ""
 	smsConfirmed := false
+	profile := vowifi.ResolveCarrierProfile(session.request.Identity)
 	instanceLower := strings.ToLower(session.instanceID)
 	contactURILower := strings.ToLower(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"sip:%s@%s;transport=%s",
@@ -1216,10 +1367,15 @@ func (session *Session) applyRegistrationEvidence(response *sipResponse) error {
 		session.contactAddress(),
 		session.transport,
 	))
+	contactAddressLower := ""
+	if profile.IMSRegisterOptions.ContactFormat == vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA {
+		contactAddressLower = strings.ToLower("sip:" + session.contactAddress())
+	}
 	for _, contact := range contacts {
 		lower := strings.ToLower(contact)
 		matchesThisSession := strings.Contains(lower, instanceLower) ||
-			strings.Contains(lower, contactURILower)
+			strings.Contains(lower, contactURILower) ||
+			(contactAddressLower != "" && strings.Contains(lower, contactAddressLower))
 		if matchesThisSession {
 			registeredContact = contact
 			smsConfirmed = strings.Contains(lower, "+g.3gpp.smsip")

internal/vowifi/ims/provider_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package ims
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -361,6 +362,7 @@ func TestRefreshFailureRevokesRegistrationEvidence(t *testing.T) {
 
 func serveRegistration(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, confirmSMS bool) error {
 	var callID string
+	var pani string
 	for step := 0; step < 4; step++ {
 		packet := make([]byte, 65535)
 		count, remote, err := listener.ReadFromUDP(packet)
@@ -386,8 +388,14 @@ func serveRegistration(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, confirmSMS bool) err
 				)
 			}
 		}
-		if headers["p-access-network-info"] != "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=000000000000;network-provided" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("REGISTER P-Access-Network-Info = %q", headers["p-access-network-info"])
+		currentPANI := headers["p-access-network-info"]
+		if err := validateTestPANI(currentPANI); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("REGISTER PANI: %w", err)
+		}
+		if step == 0 {
+			pani = currentPANI
+		} else if currentPANI != pani {
+			return fmt.Errorf("REGISTER PANI changed from %q to %q", pani, currentPANI)
 		}
 		if !strings.Contains(headers["allow"], "MESSAGE") ||
 			!strings.Contains(string(packet[:count]), "Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp.smsip") {
@@ -497,6 +505,166 @@ func serveRegistration(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, confirmSMS bool) err
 	return nil
 }
 
+func TestSessionPAccessNetworkInfoIsStableAndUEProvided(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultPANI := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode
+	if err := validateTestPANI(defaultPANI); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := ueProvidedPANI(" IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=aabbccddeeff;network-provided "); got != "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=aabbccddeeff" {
+		t.Fatalf("ueProvidedPANI() = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := ueProvidedPANI("network-provided"); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("marker-only PANI = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+	if got := (&Session{pani: "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode, paniResolved: true}).pAccessNetworkInfo(); got != "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id="+defaultPANIWLANNode {
+		t.Fatalf("session PANI = %q, want default WLAN node", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPAccessNetworkInfoUsesDefaultNodeAndConditionalCountry(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		identity vowifi.SIMIdentity
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "standard without PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "001010123456789", HomeMCC: "001", HomeMNC: "01"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "giffgaff with IPCC PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;country=GB;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "AT&T without PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "310410000000001", HomeMCC: "310", HomeMNC: "410"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "VOXI without PANI country format",
+			identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMSI: "234150000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "15", SPN: "VOXI"},
+			want:     "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range cases {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := resolveSessionPAccessNetworkInfo(test.identity, slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
+			if got != test.want {
+				t.Fatalf("PANI = %q, want %q", got, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendPaniCountryModes(t *testing.T) {
+	base := "IEEE-802.11;i-wlan-node-id=" + defaultPANIWLANNode
+	identity := vowifi.SIMIdentity{HomeMCC: "234"}
+
+	if got := appendPaniCountry(base, identity, vowifi.CarrierProfile{}, slog.Default()); got != base {
+		t.Fatalf("empty PANI country = %q, want %q", got, base)
+	}
+	if got := appendPaniCountry(base, identity, vowifi.CarrierProfile{PANICountry: "GB"}, slog.Default()); got != "IEEE-802.11;country=GB;i-wlan-node-id="+defaultPANIWLANNode {
+		t.Fatalf("fixed PANI country = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := appendPaniCountry(base, identity, vowifi.CarrierProfile{PANICountry: "AUTO"}, slog.Default()); got != "IEEE-802.11;country=GB;i-wlan-node-id="+defaultPANIWLANNode {
+		t.Fatalf("automatic PANI country = %q", got)
+	}
+
+	var logs strings.Builder
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&logs, nil))
+	got := appendPaniCountry(base, vowifi.SIMIdentity{}, vowifi.CarrierProfile{ID: "test-auto", PANICountry: "AUTO"}, logger)
+	if got != base || !strings.Contains(logs.String(), "IMS PANI country code could not be derived") {
+		t.Fatalf("failed automatic PANI country = %q, logs = %q", got, logs.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIMSProfileUserAgentUsesUnifiedHeaderValue(t *testing.T) {
+	giffgaff := &Session{request: vowifi.IMSRequest{Identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "234100000000001", HomeMCC: "234", HomeMNC: "10", GID1: "508FFFFF",
+	}}}
+	if got := giffgaff.imsUserAgent(); got != "iOS/18.6.2 iPhone" {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff IMS User-Agent = %q", got)
+	}
+	if options := giffgaff.imsRegisterOptions(); options.AllowHeader != nil || options.SupportedHeader != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("giffgaff REGISTER capability overrides leaked from business headers: %#v", options)
+	}
+
+	standard := &Session{request: vowifi.IMSRequest{Identity: vowifi.SIMIdentity{
+		IMSI: "999010000000001", HomeMCC: "999", HomeMNC: "01",
+	}}}
+	if got := standard.imsUserAgent(); got != "vocat/1" {
+		t.Fatalf("standard IMS User-Agent fallback = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSipInstanceIDUsesGSMAFormWhenIMEIIsAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	identity := vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMEI: "353024112557010"}
+	if got := sipInstanceID(identity, "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001"); got != "urn:gsma:imei:353024112557010-0" {
+		t.Fatalf("sipInstanceID() = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := sipInstanceID(vowifi.SIMIdentity{IMEI: "not-an-imei"}, "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001"); got != "urn:uuid:00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000001" {
+		t.Fatalf("sipInstanceID() fallback = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGSMAContactFormatUsesAddressAndDeviceInstance(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{
+		identity:   identitySet{user: "234105776448519"},
+		transport:  "tcp",
+		instanceID: "urn:gsma:imei:353024112557010-0",
+	}
+	got := session.buildContact("[2001:db8::1]:49686", vowifi.IMSRegisterOptions{
+		ContactFormat:    vowifi.IMSContactFormatGSMA,
+		ContactExtraTags: []string{"+g.3gpp.mid-call", "+g.3gpp.smsip"},
+	})
+	want := `<sip:[2001:db8::1]:49686>;+g.3gpp.icsi-ref="urn%3Aurn-7%3A3gpp-service.ims.icsi.mmtel";+g.3gpp.mid-call;+g.3gpp.smsip;+sip.instance="<urn:gsma:imei:353024112557010-0>"`
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("GSMA Contact = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func validateTestPANI(value string) error {
+	const accessType = "IEEE-802.11"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(value, accessType+";") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("value %q does not start with %q", value, accessType+";")
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(value), "network-provided") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("UE PANI incorrectly claims network-provided provenance: %q", value)
+	}
+	var nodeValue, country string
+	for _, parameter := range strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(value, accessType+";"), ";") {
+		key, parameterValue, ok := strings.Cut(parameter, "=")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(key)) {
+		case "i-wlan-node-id":
+			nodeValue = strings.TrimSpace(parameterValue)
+		case "country":
+			country = strings.TrimSpace(parameterValue)
+		}
+	}
+	if nodeValue == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("i-wlan-node-id is missing: %q", value)
+	}
+	node, err := hex.DecodeString(nodeValue)
+	if err != nil || len(node) != 6 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("i-wlan-node-id must be 12 hexadecimal digits: %q", value)
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(nodeValue, defaultPANIWLANNode) {
+		if country != "" && len(country) != 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("country must be an ISO alpha-2 code: %q", value)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if node[0]&0x03 != 0x02 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("i-wlan-node-id must be a locally administered unicast identifier: %q", value)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func serveRefreshFailure(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string) error {
 	var callID string
 	for step := 0; step < 3; step++ {

internal/vowifi/ims/sms_runtime.go

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ type ReceivedSMS struct {
 	RawTPDU                string
 	DecodeError            string
 }
+
 // ReceivedSMSStatus is network delivery evidence for one submitted SMS part.
 type ReceivedSMSStatus struct {
 	DeviceID               string
@@ -910,7 +911,7 @@ func (session *Session) logInboundSMS(level slog.Level, message string, request
 	if session != nil && session.provider != nil && session.provider.config.Logger != nil {
 		logger = session.provider.config.Logger
 	}
-	base := []any{"device_id", session.request.DeviceID}
+	base := []any{"category", "sms", "subsystem", "ims", "device_id", session.request.DeviceID}
 	if request != nil {
 		base = append(base,
 			"call_id", strings.TrimSpace(request.value("Call-ID")),
@@ -1090,6 +1091,8 @@ func (session *Session) logOutboundSMS(level slog.Level, message string, attribu
 	}
 	plmn := strings.TrimSpace(session.request.Identity.HomeMCC) + strings.TrimSpace(session.request.Identity.HomeMNC)
 	base := []any{
+		"category", "sms",
+		"subsystem", "ims",
 		"device_id", session.request.DeviceID,
 		"home_plmn", plmn,
 		"transport", session.transport,
@@ -1165,12 +1168,16 @@ func (session *Session) sendSIPMessageWith(
 		fmt.Sprintf("CSeq: %d MESSAGE", cseq),
 		"P-Preferred-Identity: <"+session.identity.public+">",
 	)
+	if pani := session.pAccessNetworkInfo(); pani != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, "P-Access-Network-Info: "+pani)
+	}
 	if acceptContactTag != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, "Accept-Contact: *;+g.3gpp."+acceptContactTag)
 	}
 	lines = append(lines,
 		"Request-Disposition: no-fork",
 		"Allow: MESSAGE",
+		"User-Agent: "+session.imsUserAgent(),
 	)
 	if inReplyTo != "" {
 		lines = append(lines, "In-Reply-To: "+inReplyTo)

internal/vowifi/ims/sms_runtime_test.go

@@ -352,6 +352,10 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	registerPANI := headers["p-access-network-info"]
+	if err := validateTestPANI(registerPANI); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initial REGISTER PANI: %w", err)
+	}
 	callID := headers["call-id"]
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(401, "Unauthorized", callID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		`WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org", nonce="` + nonce + `", algorithm=AKAv1-MD5, qop="auth"`,
@@ -366,6 +370,9 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("authenticated REGISTER changed PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", callID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		"Contact: " + headers["contact"] + ";expires=600",
 	}), remote); err != nil {
@@ -433,6 +440,9 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 		len(report.Request.Body) != 2 || report.Request.Body[0] != 0x02 || report.Request.Body[1] != 0x2a {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected delivery report %#v", report.Request)
 	}
+	if report.Request.value("P-Access-Network-Info") != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("inbound SMS RP-ACK did not reuse REGISTER PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", report.Request.value("Call-ID"), report.Request.value("CSeq"), nil), remote); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -449,6 +459,9 @@ func serveInboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<- s
 	if headers["expires"] != "0" {
 		return errors.New("expected deregistration")
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("deregistration changed PANI")
+	}
 	_, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", callID, headers["cseq"], nil), remote)
 	return err
 }
@@ -463,6 +476,10 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	registerPANI := headers["p-access-network-info"]
+	if err := validateTestPANI(registerPANI); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initial REGISTER PANI: %w", err)
+	}
 	registerCallID := headers["call-id"]
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(401, "Unauthorized", registerCallID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		`WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="ims.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org", nonce="` + nonce + `", algorithm=AKAv1-MD5, qop="auth"`,
@@ -477,6 +494,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("authenticated REGISTER changed PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", registerCallID, headers["cseq"], []string{
 		"Contact: " + headers["contact"] + ";expires=600",
 	}), remote); err != nil {
@@ -508,6 +528,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 		message.Request.value("Allow") != "MESSAGE" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected outbound MESSAGE %#v", message.Request)
 	}
+	if message.Request.value("P-Access-Network-Info") != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("outbound SMS MESSAGE did not reuse REGISTER PANI")
+	}
 	rpdu, err := parseRPDU(message.Request.Body)
 	if err != nil || rpdu.messageType != 0 || len(rpdu.tpdu) != 0 {
 		// parseRPDU intentionally decodes only network-to-MS RP-DATA; inspect
@@ -573,6 +596,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 		len(statusACK.Request.Body) != 2 || statusACK.Request.Body[0] != 0x02 || statusACK.Request.Body[1] != 0x2b {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status RP-ACK %#v (%v)", statusACK.Request, err)
 	}
+	if statusACK.Request.value("P-Access-Network-Info") != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("status-report RP-ACK did not reuse REGISTER PANI")
+	}
 	if _, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", statusACK.Request.value("Call-ID"), statusACK.Request.value("CSeq"), nil), remote); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -589,6 +615,9 @@ func serveOutboundSMS(listener *net.UDPConn, nonce string, readyForClose chan<-
 	if headers["expires"] != "0" {
 		return errors.New("expected deregistration")
 	}
+	if headers["p-access-network-info"] != registerPANI {
+		return errors.New("deregistration changed PANI")
+	}
 	_, err = listener.WriteToUDP(testResponse(200, "OK", registerCallID, headers["cseq"], nil), remote)
 	return err
 }

internal/vowifi/native_qmi_adapter.go

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (adapter *NativeQMIAdapter) AuthenticateWithPreference(ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	raw, err := adapter.controller.AuthenticateNativeQMI(ctx, binding.deviceID, binding.aid, buildUSIMAuthenticateAPDU(challenge))
 	if err != nil {
-		return AKAResult{}, ErrEC20AKACommand
+		return AKAResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrEC20AKACommand, err)
 	}
 	return parseUSIMAuthenticateResponse(raw)
 }

web/src/components/logs/LogRetentionCard.tsx

@@ -11,12 +11,13 @@ import { message } from "../ui/message";
 type RetentionMode = LoggingSettings["mode"];
 
 // 运行日志保留策略：默认不限制，可按条数或天数限制，服务端据此裁剪历史日志。
-export function LogRetentionCard() {
+export function LogRetentionCard({ refreshKey = 0 }: { refreshKey?: number }) {
   const { t } = useI18n();
   const [mode, setMode] = useState<RetentionMode>("unlimited");
   const [count, setCount] = useState(10000);
   const [days, setDays] = useState(30);
   const [storedLogs, setStoredLogs] = useState(0);
+  const [maxLogs, setMaxLogs] = useState(10000);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
     setCount(data.count);
     setDays(data.days);
     setStoredLogs(data.storedLogs);
+    setMaxLogs(data.maxLogs || 10000);
   }, []);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -41,14 +43,14 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
     return () => {
       cancelled = true;
     };
-  }, [apply]);
+  }, [apply, refreshKey]);
 
   const save = useCallback(async () => {
     setSaving(true);
     try {
       const data = await updateLoggingSettings({
         mode,
-        count: Math.max(1, Math.trunc(count) || 1),
+        count: Math.min(maxLogs, Math.max(1, Math.trunc(count) || 1)),
         days: Math.max(1, Math.trunc(days) || 1),
       });
       apply(data);
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
     } finally {
       setSaving(false);
     }
-  }, [mode, count, days, apply]);
+  }, [mode, count, days, maxLogs, apply]);
 
   const onNumber = (setter: (value: number) => void) => (event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
     const parsed = parseInt(event.target.value, 10);
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
           className="w-32"
           disabled={loading}
           options={[
-            { value: "unlimited", label: t("不限制") },
+            { value: "unlimited", label: t("最多 10000 条") },
             { value: "count", label: t("按条数") },
             { value: "days", label: t("按天数") },
           ]}
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
             <Input
               type="number"
               min={1}
+              max={maxLogs}
               value={count === 0 ? "" : count}
               onChange={onNumber(setCount)}
               disabled={loading}
@@ -110,8 +113,9 @@ export function LogRetentionCard() {
           </label>
         ) : null}
         <span className="text-sm text-gray-400">
-          {t("当前已存储")} {storedLogs} {t("条")}
+          {t("当前已存储")} {storedLogs} / {maxLogs} {t("条")}
         </span>
+        <span className="text-xs text-gray-400">{t("达到上限后自动删除最旧日志")}</span>
         <div className="flex-1" />
         <Button
           size="small"

web/src/lib/i18n-en.ts

@@ -498,6 +498,22 @@ export const EN_DICT: Record<string, string> = {
   "连接中断，正在尝试重连…": "Connection lost, reconnecting…",
   已导出日志: "Logs exported",
   "查看系统运行日志，支持过滤和搜索": "View system runtime logs with filtering and search",
+  设备与业务日志: "Device & Service Logs",
+  "记录硬件、驻网、WiFi Calling、短信、通话和用户操作；敏感信息已自动打码":
+    "Hardware, network registration, WiFi Calling, SMS, calls, and user operations. Sensitive identities are automatically redacted.",
+  业务分类: "Category",
+  全部业务: "All Services",
+  硬件与模块: "Hardware & Modem",
+  驻网: "Network Registration",
+  通话: "Calls",
+  用户操作: "User Operations",
+  系统错误: "System",
+  "最多 10000 条": "Up to 10,000",
+  达到上限后自动删除最旧日志: "The oldest logs are automatically removed at the limit",
+  "此操作会永久删除服务端保存的全部日志，无法恢复。": "This permanently deletes all logs stored on the server and cannot be undone.",
+  "确认清空日志？": "Clear all logs?",
+  日志已清空: "Logs cleared",
+  清空日志失败: "Failed to clear logs",
   继续: "Resume",
   暂停: "Pause",
   已连接: "Connected",

web/src/pages/LogsPage.tsx

@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ import { Switch } from "../components/ui/Switch";
 import { Select } from "../components/ui/Select";
 import { Input } from "../components/ui/Input";
 import { message } from "../components/ui/message";
+import { confirmDialog } from "../components/ui/MessageBox";
 import { LogRetentionCard } from "../components/logs/LogRetentionCard";
 
 const MAX_LOGS = 1000;
 
 type Level = "all" | "debug" | "info" | "warn" | "error";
+type Category = "all" | "hardware" | "network" | "vowifi" | "sms" | "call" | "operation" | "system";
 
 const LEVEL_OPTIONS: { value: Level; label: string }[] = [
   { value: "all", label: "全部" },
@@ -30,6 +32,17 @@ const LEVEL_OPTIONS: { value: Level; label: string }[] = [
   { value: "error", label: "ERROR" },
 ];
 
+const CATEGORY_OPTIONS: { value: Category; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: "all", label: "全部业务" },
+  { value: "hardware", label: "硬件与模块" },
+  { value: "network", label: "驻网" },
+  { value: "vowifi", label: "WiFi Calling" },
+  { value: "sms", label: "短信" },
+  { value: "call", label: "通话" },
+  { value: "operation", label: "用户操作" },
+  { value: "system", label: "系统错误" },
+];
+
 function levelColor(level: string): string {
   switch (level.toLowerCase()) {
     case "debug":
@@ -52,6 +65,42 @@ function fieldsText(fields: LogEntry["fields"]): string {
   return typeof fields === "string" ? fields : JSON.stringify(fields);
 }
 
+function logFields(entry: LogEntry): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return entry.fields && typeof entry.fields === "object" ? entry.fields : {};
+}
+
+function logCategory(entry: LogEntry): Exclude<Category, "all"> {
+  const explicit = String(logFields(entry).category ?? "").toLowerCase();
+  if (CATEGORY_OPTIONS.some((item) => item.value === explicit && item.value !== "all")) {
+    return explicit as Exclude<Category, "all">;
+  }
+  const text = `${entry.message} ${fieldsText(entry.fields)}`.toLowerCase();
+  if (/\bsms\b|短信|tpdu|rp-data|rpdu/.test(text)) return "sms";
+  if (/incoming call|\bcall\b|invite|来电|通话/.test(text)) return "call";
+  if (/vowifi|wi-?fi calling|\bims\b|\bike\b|epdg|ipsec/.test(text)) return "vowifi";
+  if (/registration|operator|network|驻网|注册网络/.test(text)) return "network";
+  if (/device|modem|hardware|sim|uicc|esim|qmi|串口|模块|设备/.test(text)) return "hardware";
+  if (/operation|audit|setting|操作/.test(text)) return "operation";
+  return "system";
+}
+
+function categoryColor(category: Exclude<Category, "all">): string {
+  switch (category) {
+    case "hardware": return "bg-cyan-500/15 text-cyan-300";
+    case "network": return "bg-emerald-500/15 text-emerald-300";
+    case "vowifi": return "bg-sky-500/15 text-sky-300";
+    case "sms": return "bg-violet-500/15 text-violet-300";
+    case "call": return "bg-pink-500/15 text-pink-300";
+    case "operation": return "bg-amber-500/15 text-amber-300";
+    default: return "bg-gray-500/20 text-gray-300";
+  }
+}
+
+function isHTTPAccessLog(entry: LogEntry): boolean {
+  return entry.message.trim().toLowerCase() === "http request" ||
+    String(logFields(entry).category ?? "").toLowerCase() === "http_access";
+}
+
 // Reference renders a fixed YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss timestamp.
 function displayTime(time: string): string {
   try {
@@ -71,8 +120,11 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
   const [paused, setPaused] = useState(false);
   const [autoTail, setAutoTail] = useState(true);
   const [level, setLevel] = useState<Level>("all");
+  const [category, setCategory] = useState<Category>("all");
   const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
   const [connError, setConnError] = useState("");
+  const [clearing, setClearing] = useState(false);
+  const [retentionRefreshKey, setRetentionRefreshKey] = useState(0);
 
   const esRef = useRef<EventSource | null>(null);
   const logContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
@@ -80,6 +132,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
   const levelRef = useRef<Level>("all");
 
   const appendLog = useCallback((entry: LogEntry) => {
+    if (isHTTPAccessLog(entry)) return;
     setLogs((prev) => {
       const next = [...prev, entry];
       return next.length > MAX_LOGS ? next.slice(-MAX_LOGS) : next;
@@ -118,7 +171,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
     try {
       const res = await api<LogEntry[] | { logs?: LogEntry[] }>("/logs/history?lines=500");
       const list = Array.isArray(res) ? res : (res?.logs ?? []);
-      setLogs(list.slice(-MAX_LOGS));
+      setLogs(list.filter((entry) => !isHTTPAccessLog(entry)).slice(-MAX_LOGS));
     } catch {
       /* 历史回填失败不阻塞实时流 */
     } finally {
@@ -164,13 +217,34 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
     }
   }, [connect]);
 
-  const clearLogs = useCallback(() => setLogs([]), []);
+  const clearLogs = useCallback(async () => {
+    const confirmed = await confirmDialog(
+      t("此操作会永久删除服务端保存的全部日志，无法恢复。"),
+      t("确认清空日志？"),
+      { type: "warning", confirmText: t("清空"), cancelText: t("取消") },
+    );
+    if (!confirmed) return;
+    setClearing(true);
+    try {
+      await api<{ cleared: boolean; deleted: number }>("/logs/history", { method: "DELETE" });
+      setLogs([]);
+      setRetentionRefreshKey((value) => value + 1);
+      message.success(t("日志已清空"));
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(error instanceof Error ? error.message : t("清空日志失败"));
+    } finally {
+      setClearing(false);
+    }
+  }, [t]);
 
   const filtered = useMemo(() => {
     let list = logs;
     if (level !== "all") {
       list = list.filter((e) => e.level.toLowerCase() === level.toLowerCase());
     }
+    if (category !== "all") {
+      list = list.filter((entry) => logCategory(entry) === category);
+    }
     if (search.trim()) {
       const q = search.toLowerCase();
       list = list.filter(
@@ -181,14 +255,14 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
       );
     }
     return list;
-  }, [logs, level, search]);
+  }, [logs, level, category, search]);
 
   const exportLogs = useCallback(() => {
     const text = filtered
       .map((v) => {
         const time = new Date(v.time).toLocaleString();
         const fields = v.fields ? ` ${fieldsText(v.fields)}` : "";
-        return `[${time}] ${v.level.toUpperCase().padEnd(5)} ${v.caller ?? ""} ${v.message}${fields}`;
+        return `[${time}] ${v.level.toUpperCase().padEnd(5)} [${logCategory(v)}] ${v.caller ?? ""} ${v.message}${fields}`;
       })
       .join("\n");
     const blob = new Blob([text], { type: "text/plain" });
@@ -204,8 +278,8 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
   return (
     <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto">
       <PageHeader
-        title={t("实时日志")}
-        subtitle={t("查看系统运行日志，支持过滤和搜索")}
+        title={t("设备与业务日志")}
+        subtitle={t("记录硬件、驻网、WiFi Calling、短信、通话和用户操作；敏感信息已自动打码")}
         actions={
           <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
             <Button
@@ -216,7 +290,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
             >
               {paused ? t("继续") : t("暂停")}
             </Button>
-            <Button onClick={clearLogs} className="!border-0 flex-1 justify-center sm:flex-none" icon={<DeleteRegular />}>
+            <Button loading={clearing} onClick={clearLogs} className="!border-0 flex-1 justify-center sm:flex-none" icon={<DeleteRegular />}>
               {t("清空")}
             </Button>
             <Button onClick={exportLogs} variant="primary" className="!border-0 flex-1 justify-center sm:flex-none" icon={<ArrowDownloadRegular />}>
@@ -255,6 +329,13 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
             className="w-full sm:w-40"
             options={LEVEL_OPTIONS.map((o) => ({ ...o, label: t(o.label) }))}
           />
+          <Select
+            value={category}
+            onChange={(v) => setCategory(v as Category)}
+            placeholder={t("业务分类")}
+            className="w-full sm:w-44"
+            options={CATEGORY_OPTIONS.map((o) => ({ ...o, label: t(o.label) }))}
+          />
           <Input
             value={search}
             onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
@@ -279,7 +360,7 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <LogRetentionCard />
+      <LogRetentionCard refreshKey={retentionRefreshKey} />
 
       <div className="ui-card overflow-hidden">
         <div
@@ -291,24 +372,30 @@ export default function LogsPage() {
               {loading ? t("等待日志...") : connected ? t("等待日志...") : t("未连接到日志流")}
             </div>
           ) : null}
-          {filtered.map((entry, i) => (
-            <div key={i} className="py-0.5 hover:bg-white/5 px-2 -mx-2 rounded whitespace-nowrap">
-              <span className="text-gray-500">[{displayTime(entry.time)}]</span>
-              <span className={cx("font-bold ml-1.5", levelColor(entry.level))}>
-                {entry.level.toUpperCase()}
-              </span>
-              <span
-                className="text-indigo-400 inline-block max-w-48 truncate align-bottom ml-1.5"
-                title={entry.caller ?? ""}
-              >
-                {entry.caller ?? ""}
-              </span>
-              <span className="text-gray-100 ml-1.5">{entry.message}</span>
-              {entry.fields ? (
-                <span className="text-amber-300/70 ml-1.5">{fieldsText(entry.fields)}</span>
-              ) : null}
-            </div>
-          ))}
+          {filtered.map((entry, i) => {
+            const entryCategory = logCategory(entry);
+            const fields = logFields(entry);
+            const hasRawError = fields.raw_error !== undefined || fields.error !== undefined || fields.raw_response !== undefined;
+            return (
+              <div key={`${entry.time}-${i}`} className="border-b border-white/5 px-2 py-2 -mx-2 last:border-0 hover:bg-white/5">
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-x-2 gap-y-1">
+                  <span className="text-gray-500">[{displayTime(entry.time)}]</span>
+                  <span className={cx("font-bold", levelColor(entry.level))}>{entry.level.toUpperCase()}</span>
+                  <span className={cx("rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[11px]", categoryColor(entryCategory))}>
+                    {t(CATEGORY_OPTIONS.find((item) => item.value === entryCategory)?.label ?? "系统错误")}
+                  </span>
+                  {entry.caller ? <span className="max-w-48 truncate text-indigo-400" title={entry.caller}>{entry.caller}</span> : null}
+                  <span className="break-words text-gray-100">{entry.message}</span>
+                </div>
+                {entry.fields ? (
+                  <pre className={cx(
+                    "mt-1 whitespace-pre-wrap break-all pl-2 text-xs leading-5",
+                    hasRawError ? "border-l-2 border-red-500/60 text-red-200" : "text-amber-300/70",
+                  )}>{typeof entry.fields === "string" ? entry.fields : JSON.stringify(entry.fields, null, 2)}</pre>
+                ) : null}
+              </div>
+            );
+          })}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>

web/src/types.ts

@@ -432,12 +432,13 @@ export interface SecuritySettings {
   clientAllowed: boolean;
 }
 
-// 运行日志保留策略：默认不限制，可按条数或天数限制。
+// 运行日志保留策略：全局硬上限 10000 条，可配置更严格的条数或天数限制。
 export interface LoggingSettings {
   mode: "unlimited" | "count" | "days";
   count: number;
   days: number;
   storedLogs: number;
+  maxLogs: number;
 }
 
 export interface SystemInfo {